- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Mizorama Politics khawfing chah hma lam hun hi thui taka sawi tur a awm ang a, chipchiar tak erawh chuan kan sawi vek hman kher lo ang. Mizo chanchin kan hriat phak hla ber chu Run kam thlang lama Lal chi bik nei loin mahni chi chiin an awm tih chauh a ni(1). Run kam thlang lama awm hi AD. 1000 – 1500 inkar vel nia hriat a niin hetih hunlai hian an zinga mi chak leh huaisen, thil tithei deuh leh fing deuhte chuan hotu nihna an chang mai a ni awm e. Henglaia an chen lai hian Indo lam pawh sawi rik a awm lo viau a, Lentlang an lo chuang chhuak a, Lentlang leh Tiau inkara an chen lai hi chuan Lal mumal tak an nei a, khaw hrang hrangah a chi peng (or) chi tepeng an inbawk hrang fir fer tawh a. Inhnaih te te, kel daidan leka awm leh khaw nei an ni hlawm a, an inhmuh changte hian an inhau a, an insual a, an inpun zel a, a tawpah chuan a chi peng (or) chi tepeng an tangho a, tichuan an indo ta mai thin niin alang(2).
Kan pi leh pute hian Mizoram an rawn luh chhan hi Ch. Saprawnga chuan a chhan puh tur awm theite hetiang hian a sawi a;
(1)Buh chin theihna ram tha an zawng
(2)Hmelma chak zawkin an um lut
(3)Ramthar hmuh chhuah (Adventure) chakna
(4)Pem mi (Nomadic Tribe) an ni hrim hrim
(5)Mahnia tal hran (Independent/ Zalen) theihna ram fianrial an zawng niin a sawi a(3). Hengte hi ngun takin han ngaihtuah ila kan pi leh pute’n Mizoram an rawn luh chhan chu a khawi emaw ber hi chu a dik thei mai awm e.
Chutiang chuan Mizoramah bul tanin vawiin hi kan lo thleng thei ta a. Amaherawhchu vawiin hun thleng tur hian a kawng erawh a thui viau mai a, a kara thil tam tak awmte hi kan theih ang angin han sawi chhuah tum ila a tha ang e.
A hmasa berin kan pi leh pute khan Lal neia khawtlanga hun an hman chhung kha chiang taka hriat theih ni chiah lo mahsela kum 1750 thleng kha chuan tibuaitu awm vak loin an la awm nia hriat a ni a, kan vel hnamte pawhin kan Zoram chu min pawmpui ve mai niin a lang a(4) chutianga hnam dangin min la chim buai hma zawng kha chuan harsatna lian lutuk lo leh mumal deuh takin anmahniin an awm a ni. Kum 1757-a Battle of Plassey ah chuan Kumpinu sipaite chuan India hmarchhak lam an rawn nawrin Robert Clive ho chuan Bengal Lal Siraj-Ud-Daulah chu an rawn hnehin, hei hi East India Company lo bul tanna pawh a ni. Bengal chu an thuhnuaia a awm takah chuan Chittagong thlengin an awp a, tichuan an ram awp chu zauh zelin an hnaiha hnam dang awmte chu an bei zel a. Keini, Mizote nena Kumpinu sipaite inbeihna hmasa ber hi chu kum 1760 nia hriat a ni a(5), a then chuan kum 1777-a Mizoin Phaitual an run kha niin an sawi bawk(6). Hemi atang hi chuan silaia inkahna hi a thleng chho ta zauh zauh a; kum 1842-ah Arakan leh Sylhet phai run leh a ni a, kum 1844-ah Lalsuthlaa te hoin Kubachari khua an run bawk a, kum 1847 leh 1848-ah Lakher hoin Chittagong Hills Tracts an run vak bawkin kum 949 November thlaah Sylhet, Tripura leh Hringchar-te chu run leh bawk a ni.
Hetiang hian inbeihna a thleng chho deuh reng a, Jan. 23, 1871-a Sailam Lal, Bengkhuaia ho mi 500 laiin Alexanderpore te, Monierkhal te leh Nudigram an run leh naah chuan Thingpuihuan enkawltu Dr. James Winchester chu thatin a fanu Mary Winchester chu an rawn hawn bawk a. Hei kher chuan Kumpinu beng a verh zar mai a, Bengal Lieutenant Government thar Sir George Campbell chuan Lushai Hills a sipai rual tirh luh a rawt ta rum rum a. Chu rawtna chu Governor General-in-Council chuan ihe loin alo pawmpui thlap a. Tichuan, kum 1871 – 72 thlasik laia sipai rual tir lut tur chuan an inbuatsaih ta mup mup a, chu chu Lushai Expedition of 1871 – 72 (Vailen vawi khatna) tih a ni(7). Hemi tur hian inbuatsaihna pawh a tha hle a; Kum 1871 November ni khatah sipai thuang hnihte chu an tum lam ve ve panin Cachar leh Chittagong atangin an che chhuak tan ta a. Cachar column chu General Bourchier-an a ho a, Chittagong lam chu General Brownlow-an a ho thung a, T.H. Lewin chu Political Officer atan ruat a ni bawk. Kum 1872 March thlaah Cachar column chuan an tihturte tha taka hlenchhuakin an kir leh ta a. Chutiangin Chittagong column pawh April thla tirah hlawhtling takin an kir ve leh ta bawk a, hemi tumah hian Zoluti pawh lak let leh a ni(8). Tin, Feb. 18, 1872 niin Inremna Sa-Ui tan a ni bawk(9).
Vailen Vawi hnihna pawh kum 1889 – 90 ah thleng lehin hei pawh hi keimahni cho chhuah niin kum 1886 February thlaah Chakma paruk awmkhawm lai chu Pawi hoin an bei thut a, pahnih an thatin an lu an la nghe nghe a. Kum 1888 March thlaah Lieutenant John Stewart leh a hote chu Rangamati chhak lam mel 12 vela hla a survey an neih laiin Pawi lal Hausata hoin an lambun leh a. Stewart leh sipai dang pahnih Lance Corporal Mc Cormick leh Private Owens te thatin an lu an la a. Hei zet chuan Bristist sorkar ngeng a chhun na hle a, phuba lak ngei tumin an inbuatsaih leh ta a ni. Hei hi Lushai Expedition of 1889 tih a niin hetah hi chuan Mizoram awp beh hlen tumin an inbuatsaih a, an rawn thawk rip hle bawk a ni. Col. Vincent Tregear kaihhruaina hnuaiah sipai 2,000 rual leh Chakma leh Bengal puakphur 2,500 mai bakah Laipui pahnih nen chuan an rawn thawkchhuak ta mup mup mai a. Tlabung atangin kawngpui sial hna an thawk bawk a, Tlabung leh Lunglei inkar kawngpui, mel 41 zeta thui hi Jan. 16 leh March 11, 1889 inkarah an lai zo a ni. Lungleiah hian ‘Fort Lungleh’ dinin chutah chuan an awm nghal a(10).
Hetih rual vek hian ‘Chin-Lushai Expedition 1889-90’ neih nghal a niin hetiang hian ruahmanna an siam a;
1)A hmasa berah chuan Mizo Lal, British khua leh tuite lo run a, lo suasam thintute hrema an thuhnuaia dah.
2)Mizo Lal, British laka hriam la lek lo te pawh tukzal a, an thuhnuaia dah
3)British ram awp chin Chitagong leh Upper Burma inkar ramte a chin chhuaka dai dar leh hriat chian.
4)British sorkar chakzia leh ropuizia tih lana, a remchang lai apianga sipai thuthmun siam a, British awpbehna pawm tir.
Tichuan, British sipaite chu thuang hniha rawn lutin thuang khatna chuan Gen. Penn Symons kaihhruaina hnuaiah Burma atangin Lushai Hills an rawn pan thla a. Thuang hnihna chuan Col. Vincent Tregear chuan a ho bawkin (Col. Tregear hi Expedition tum hnihah telin Lushai Expedition leh Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90 ah hian a tel ve ve a ni), Chitagong lam atangin an rawn lut a, Fort Lungleh chu hmunpui atan an rawn nei nghal a, Cachar lam atangin WW. Dally hoin Surma Valley Military Police Batallion chuan Lushai Hills chu an rawn hmar luh bawkin anni pawh chuan Aizawl chu hmunpui atan an rawn nei leh bawk a ni. Aizawl atang chuan hmar lamah Cachar, thlang lamah Hill Tipperah a ri a, tichuan chu chu North Lushai Hills tih a ni. Chutiang bawk chuan Fort Lungleh chuan hmar lama North Lushai Hills riin, thlang lamah Chittagong Hill Tracks, chhak lamah Chin Hills leh chhim lamah Arrakan Hill Tracts a ri bawk a, chu chu South Lushai Hills tih a ni.
Tichuan, kum 1892-ah Chin-Lushai Conference chu January 25 – 29 chhungin Calcutta khawpuiah neih a ni a. He Conference ah hian Chin Hills leh South Lushai Hills leh North Lushai Hills te kaihkawp chungchang ngaihtuah a niin an puitlin zo ta lo a. July 25, 1892 ah bawk Shimlaah thutkhawmna neih leh a niin hetah chuan Lushai Hills chhim lam Bengal awpna hnuaia awm kha la chhuakin Chief Commissioner hnuaiah dahin, Assam Chief Commissioner hmui turin an dah a. Tichuan, Letter No. 591. E.B. Aprl 1st, 1898 angin South Lushai Hills chu North Lushai Hills nen inzawmkhawmin Assam Chief Commissioner hnuaiah dah a ni ta a ni. Hemi rual hian Lushai Hills chu ‘Superintendent’ hnuaiah dah a ni ta bawk a (11). Hetia inzawmkhawm a nih hma chuan South Lushai Hills, North Lushai Hills leh Chin Hills te hi Bristish sorkar thuhnuaiah awm vek mah nisela South Lushai Hills chu Bengal sorkar hnuaiah a awm a, North Lushai Hills pawh Assam sorkar hnuaiah awmin Chin Hills pawh Burma sorkar hnuaiah a awm a ni.
Chutiang chuan Mizote chu Kumpinu sorkar chuan hneh takin min awp bet a, kan Lalte chu an thuhnuaia dah an tum a, an dah theih lohte chu an man zel bawk a. Hriat theih chinah Vailen vawi hnihna hunah hian hengte hi Mizo Lal leh an lalna hmunte a ni (12);
1)Vanhnuna Belkhai leh Hruizam
2)Vanhnuaia Bunghmun
3)Vanhnuna Sesawm leh Laisawral
4)Vankunga Pukzing
5)Vanhnuaia Chawilung leh Tianpui
6)Rothangpuia Tiante
7)Vankunga Thorang
8)Lalruma Luangmam
9)Lalhlira Khantlang
10)Savunga Buarpui
11)Lalhlira Khantlang
12)Lallura Sertlang
13)Lalngura Mualkawi (S)
14)Lalzika Khawzing
15)Lalruma Pukpui
16)Rohnuna Bungtlang
17)Seipuia Valcheng
18)Lallauva Thingkhuang (Bualpui bul)
19)Lalthangvunga Haulawng leh Mausen
20)Sangliana Hnahchang
21)Vandula Hnahthial
22)Dokhara Leite
23)Lalthuama Rotlang
24)Darbilhi Muallianpui
25)Zakapa Aithur
26)Dopawrha Mamte
27)Vantura Sangau
28)Hausata Lungtian (Kulhhrulh)
29)Dokulha Ngunlinga Bualpui
30)Palthy (Thylai) Zawngling (Savang)
31)Nikuala Tualte
32)Lungliana Rullam leh Khawbel
33)Suakpuilala Parvatui leh Kanghmun
34)Lianphunga Chawngmo, Keisihphai leh Tlangkhang
35)Lalvunga Arbawm (Thinglian leh Zuchhip)
36)Tlungbuta Lamchhip
37)Thawngliana Sialsuk, Lamchhip leh Chamring
38)Bengkhuaia Kawlri (Serchhip leh Sailam)
39)Dokhuma Chawngtleng
40)Liankhara Sialhau
41)Kamlova Bungtlang
42)Dokhama Kelkang leh Lungdup
43)Laltawna Lungrang (N)
44)Rungnawla Sekhum
45)Zakapa Khawhri
46)Dopawnga Puruntlang leh Chawngtui
47)Rungnawla Nu Parva leh Sekhum
48)Lianhmunga Vanchengte (Vancheng)
49)Hrangkhupa Hmunpui
50)Liansanga
51)Lalvuta
52)Lalsavuta Parvatui leh Kanghmun
53)Hmingthanga Hnawmphiah
54)Liankaia
55)Sailianpuia Reiek
56)Liankunga Mualrumi/ Hauruni
57)Thanghulha Luangmual
58)Kalkhama Serzawl leh Sertlang
59)Lalhrima Muthi
60)Thawmpawnga Hualngo hmun (Kelsih)
61)Lalburha Sesawng
62)Liankhama Zawlnghak (Rabung leh Khawdungsei leh Ngopa)
63)Buangtheuva Hmunpui (Baktawng)
64)Pawihbawiha Saitual
65)Lalruma Kawlkulh
66)Lalhruaia Picherihmun (Khawruhlian)
67)Lalhleia Khanpui (Ratui, Tinghmun leh Buallam)
68)Buangtheua Nu Hualtu
69)Lungliana Khawbel
70)Kairuma Tlaikuang
71)Chhiahmunga Archhuang
References:
1.Rev. Liangkhaia, 1938 – Mizo Chanchin. 46 page
2.B. Lalthangliana, 2001 – India, Burma & Bangladesh-a Mizo Chanchin. 172 page
3.Rev. Darchungnunga, 2017 – Kohhran leh Mizoram Politics. 12 & 13 pages
4.R. Thangmawia, 2011 – Zoram. 7 page
5.R. Zamawia, 2007 – Zofate Zinkawngah. 24 page
6.Rev. Darchungnunga, 2017 – Kohhran leh Mizoram Politics. 25 page
7.Prof. J. Zorema, 2018 – Kumpinu leh Mizoram. 9 page
8.Prof. J. Zorema, 2018 – Kumpinu leh Mizoram. 9 & 10 pages
9.C. Vanlallawma, 1996 – Bengkhuaia Sailo. 17 page
10.Prof. J. Zorema, 2018 – Kumpinu leh Mizoram. 11 page
11.C. Vanlal Ruaia, 2021 – Remna. 12 page
12.RK. Lalhluna, 2013 – Mizo History Kamkeuna. 162 – 164 pages