- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi hi November 19, 1917-ah piangin Politician leh Stateswoman a ni a, kum 1966 atanga 1977 thleng India Prime Minister pathumna niin Oct. 31, 1984-ah amah vengtu sipaiin a kap hlum a ni. Indian National Congress hruaitu a nih laiin India politics-ah mi pawimawh tak a ni a. Indira hi India Prime Minister hmasa ber Jawaharlal Nehru fanu a ni a, Rajiv Gandhi-a nu ni bawkin, Rajiv pawh hi Prime Minister parukna a ni.
Indira Gandhi hi a hun laia khawvela hmeichhe chak ber nia hriat a ni. Hetiang taka a chak avang hian Congress Party President D. K. Baruah chuan “India chu Indira a ni a, Indira chu India a ni” tih thumal hi a lo siam chhuah phah hial a. Amah thlawptute chuan Geopolitical lama a khingpui China leh Pakistan laka hnehna a chan laia a kaihhruaina te, kum 1980 chhoa Economy ṭhang zel Green Revolution te leh retheihna dona kawnga a campaign avanga “Mother Indira” (a pun on Mother India) tia hriat a nih thu an sawi thin. Ram chhunga mi rethei leh thingtlang mite zingah a hnathawh hi sawi lar a ni thin a. Mahse, sawiseltute’n Emergency lai khan India rama thuneihna sang tak a neih dan leh Operation Blue Star leh Punjab Insurgency laia thil rapthlak tak tak a tihte chu an hre chiang hle thung. Indira Gandhi hi mipui ngaihdan laknaah chuan India Prime Minister ropui ber pawl a la ni reng a. Kum 1999 khan BBC-in Online poll a buatsaihah “Woman of the Millennium” atan thlan a ni a. Kum 2020 khan Time Magazine chuan Gandhi bawk hi kum zabi kalta chhunga magazine-in a hmaa Man of the Year atana a thlan tawhte nena inangkhat vekin hmeichhe 100 zingah a thlang bawk a ni.
Indira hian Morarji Desai chu Deputy Prime Minister leh Finance Minister hna kawp tirin sorkarna a siam a. Prime Minister term hmasa berah khan media leh eptu pawlte chuan an inthlanna tur ruahmanna siamtu Congress Party hruai tute chu “Goongi goodiya” (Hindi tawnga “dumb doll” emaw “puppet” tihna) tiin an sawisel nasa hle thin. Indira hi a pa hmingthang tak thlaktu atan em chuan an iai deuh a, nimahsela official-a ram dang a tlawhna engemaw zatah alo zui tawh a, Kerala-a democracy hmanga thlan tlin Communist sorkar hmasa ber tihchhiatnaah pawh a changtu ber dinhmun alo chang tawh bawk a. Thu dawnna thenkhat phei chuan Socialist Stalwart lar tak Ram Manohar Lohia kha’n Indira chu “Goongi Goodiya” tia nuihzat hmasa bertu a ni an ti.
Indira Gandhi-in inthlanpui a hmachhawn hmasak berna chu kum 1967-a Lok Sabha leh State Assembly a ni a. Heng inthlanpui neihnaah hian Congress Party chuan Lok Sabha-ah hnehna changin Indira pawh Raebareli bial aṭangin Lok Sabha-ah thlan tlin a ni. An sorkar tan tirh atang chuan ram chhungah thil man chi hrang hrangte chu a rawn sang chho a, chu chuan hnathawh tur nei lo an tam mai bakah ei leh in lama harsatna nei an tam bawk avangin mipuiin an lungawi lo hle. India sumdawng leh consumer-te tana harsatna siamtu sum leh pai hlutna tihhniam a remtih hnuah Indira chuan lungpui sut ang maiin bul a ṭan nghal a ni. Tichuan, United States atanga buhfai lak luh pawh chu politics lama buaina avang hian a tlahniam nghal bawk a.
Hei vang hian ram chhunga State engemaw zatah thuneihna an hlohin, majority an hloh phah hial a. Kum 1967 inthlan zawhah hian Indira chuan Socialist Policy hawi zawngin ngaihdan a nei chho nia hriat bawk a ni. Kum 1969 khan Congress Party hruaitu senior-te nen thil engemaw avangin an inhnial a, an inhnialnaa langsar ber pakhat chu India President hmun ruak atana Congress Party Official Candidate Neelam Sanjiva Reddy aiin Independent Candidate V. V. Giri chu Indira chuan a thlawp zawk chu a ni a. An inhnialna pakhat leh chu Prime Minister-in Finance Minister, Morarji Desai nena inrawn lova Bank Nationalization a puan kha a ni. Heng hmalaknate hi Party President S. Nijalingappa-a’n discipline nei lo a tih avangin Party aṭangin a hnawtchhuak ta hial a. Congress Party pawh a phel phahin Congress ‘O’ leh Congress ‘R’ a lo pian phah ta hial a. Congress ‘O’ lamah hian MP 65 chauh awmin Congress MP tam zawk chu Party President S. Nijalingappa chuan a lamah a kuahbet reng thei a. Indira Gandhi pawl, Congress ‘R’ tia koh chuan Parliament House-ah majority an hloh a, mahse DMK leh Regional Party-te thlawpnain thuneihna an chang chhunzawm zel tho a ni.
CHINA NENA BUAINA
Kum 1967 khan Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim ramri bulah India leh China inkarah indona a chhuak a, India chu China beihna hlawhtling taka do letin hneh tu zawkah a tang a, China sipaite pawh he hmun atang hian hnawhchhuah nghal an ni. Indo chhung zawng chuan India sipai thi zat chu mi 88 an niin, mi 163 an hliam bawk a, China sipai lam thi erawh chu mi 340 an niin mi 450 an hliam niin Indian Defense Ministry chuan a tar lang. Kum 1967 December thlaah chuan Indira Gandhi chuan heng thil thlengte hi a sawi chhuak a, “China hian kan chungah hmêlma rilru put hmang ngai reng a nei a, min sawichhiat theihna hun remchang a zawng reng a, India Sawrkar dodalna mai ni lovin kan democracy kalphung zawng zawngah pawh Anti – Indian propaganda a kalpui reng a ni” tiin a sawi a. Indonaa India hnehna chuan kum 1962-a Sino-Indian War nena khaikhin chuan danglamna tha tak a lantir a ni.
Kum 1975 khan Indira chuan Sikkim chu India ramah a rin lut a, referendum neih hnuah Sikkim mipui tam zawkin India zawm turin vote an thlak bawk a. He thil hi China chuan “India sorkar thiltih tenawm tak” tiin a sawisel zui thung. China sorkar thupuangtu chuan China Daily-ah “Nehru leh a fanu te hian hetiang hian an che fo thin a, Indira Gandhi phei chu Nehru aiin a kal thui zawk” tiin a sawi hial nghe nghe a ni.
KUM 1971–1977 CHHUNG
Kum 1971-a Indira Politics au-hla ber chu Garibi Hatao (Retheihna Umbo) a ni. He slogan hi eptu pawl inzawmkhawmin thumal pahnih nei manifesto—”Indira Hatao” (Indira Umbo) tiin an lo thlak danglam sak ve bawk a. Garibi Hatao slogan leh a kaihhnawih retheih dona programme ruahmante hi Indira sokar hmalakna tura ruahman a ni a, thingtlang leh khawpui rethei zawkte tana ruahman a ni. Hei hian state leh tualchhung hmun hrang hranga thingtlang hnam hrang hrangte bakah khawpui lama sumdawnna lama pawl hrang hrangte pawh a huam thei dawn a ni. Anmahni lam atang chuan a hmaa aw nei ngam ngai lo mi rethei tak takte chuan a tawpah chuan politics-a hlutna neiin politics lamah aw an nei ve ve dawn tawh bawk a. Garibi Hatao kaltlanga programme siamte hi tualchhung lama kalpui ni mahse, New Delhi-a Central Sorkar sum hmanga siam a ni. He programme hi Indian National Congress Party-in an enkawl a, staff an nei bawk a. Heng programme te hian central political leadership te tan duhsaktute tana hamthatna thar leh zau tak tak a pe bawk a, chu chu ram pum huapa pek chhuah tur a ni.
Lok Sabha 5-na inthlan 1971-ah khan India ram MP neih zat chu 518 a la ni a, Congress (R) hian seat 352 la changin hmun thuma țhena hmun hnih 346 aia tam an hmu phak hial a. Hei vang hian India Constitution Amendment lar tak 42nd Amendment pawh an tih theih phahin Indira Gandhi pawh Raebareli bial ațanga thlan tlin niin Prime Minister a ni zui a. Indira PM chhung hian Congress sorkar chuan harsatna tam tak a tawk a. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu sum leh pai lama harsatna thleng thut vang a ni a, chu chu indo laia sum senso mai bakah ram chhung hmun ṭhenkhata ruahtui tlak lohna leh kum 1973-a Oil harsatna vang a ni bawk. Kum 1973–75 chhung khan Indira hun tawp lamah chuan amah dodalna chu Bihar leh Gujarat state-ah a nasa hle a, Bihar-ah phei chuan Jayaprakash Narayan-a chu nawrh huaihawt tu ber a ni.
Pakistan hmar lamah chuan kum 1965 indona aṭang khan Pakistan Navy chuan hma an sawn hleithei tawh lo a, Pakistan Airforce-te pawh chuan India Airforce ang zat zatin beihpui an thlak thei lo bawk a. Chuvang chuan Pakistan Army chuan rang takin khawthlang ramri-ah lei lama beihpui thlakna lian tham tak tak neih an tum a, mahse heng beihna tam zawk bakah hian Kashmir-ah thenkhatte chu an chawl reng a, Indian counter attack-te chuan ram an chang thei ta a ni. Pakistan Army hian ram dang thurualpui tak an nei lo a, hei hian khawthlang lamah chuan thihna tam tak a thlen a ni.
Eastern Front-a Indonaah khan India General-te chuan high speed lightning war an thlang a, mechanized leh airborne unit hmangin Pakistan dodalna chu rang takin an paltlang a, East Pakistan khawpui Dhaka lam pan chuan rang takin hma an sawn a. Jagjit Singh Aurora (a hnuah kum 1984-a Indira Gandhi sawiseltu lo ni ta) hian Indian Army Eastern Command a kaihruai a. Indian Air Force chuan East Pakistan-a Pakistan thlawhna contingent tenau deuhte chu awlsam takin an hneh a, hei vang hian he bial chhungah hian air superiority a awm thei ta a ni. India sipaite chuan 7 December leh 15 December 1971 inkar khan Sylhet indonaah Jessore leh khawpui dang eng emaw zat an chhuah zalen a, he indonaah hian India chuan Heliborne operation hmasa ber a nei a ni. Hemi hnu hian India chuan December 9 khan Airdrop dang a nei leh a, Major General Sagat Singh kaihhruai India sipaite chuan Pakistan sipai sang nga aia tlem lo an man a, Meghna lui pawh Dhaka lam panin an paltlang bawk. Ni hnih hnuah India sipaite chuan Indopui Pahnihna hnua thlawhna hmanga beihpui thlakna lian ber an nei a, Army’s Parachute Regiment sipai 750-te chu Tangail-ah bu khuarin, chu lai hmuna Pakistan sipaite chu an hneh a, Dhaka panna kawng chu an humhim ta a ni. Pakistan sipai tlemte chu he indona aṭang hian an tlanchhuak thei a, sipai 7000 zinga 900 chauh chu dam takin Dhaka-ah an hnukkir leh a. December ni 12 thleng khan India sipaite chuan Dhaka khawpui pawn lam an thleng tawh a, khawpui hual turin an inbuatsaih a. Indian heavy artillery-te chu December 14 velah an lo thleng a, khawpui chu hual betin an kap ta a ni.
December 14, 1971-a inpekna lam sawi rik a nih tak avangin Pakistan paramilitary leh militia-te chuan zan lamah Dhaka khawpui chhung kawngpuiah an vak kual a, Pakistan inpek hnua Bangladesh hruai thei tura ngaih Bengali zirna sang tak nei tu pawh an rukbo a, an tihduhdah a, chutah chuan an that a. Heng zinga mi 200 chuang chu ni 14 khan an thi a ni. December 16 thleng khan Pakistan morale chu a hniam hle a, a tawpah chuan Indian Army chuan Dhaka chu an hual a, khawpui chu an hual ta a. Ni 16-ah India sipaite chuan khawpui chu inpe turin minute 30 chhung ultimatum an tichhuak a. Khawpui pawn lama Mukti Bahini leh India sipaite nena khaikhin chuan khawpui venhimna chu a hlim lo hle niin a ngai a, Lt-Gen. A.A.K. Niazi (Cdr. of Eastern Command) leh a Deputy, V. Adm. M.S. Khan chuan dodalna awm lovin khawpui chu a pe ta a ni. India sipaite leh Mukti Bahini-te’n Pakistan sipai la awmte an rawn round up lai chuan India rama Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora leh A.A.K. Pakistan lal Niazi hian Pakistan Instrument of Surrender chu 16:31Hrs IST, 16 December 1971 khan a ziak a, he inpek rual hian indona tawp nghalin East Pakistan sorkar a tlakchhiatna a tilang bawk. Pakistan security forces sipai Sing kua leh sang thum zet chu an inpe a, Indopui pahnihna hnua inpekna lian ber a ni a, sipai officer leh general-te nen India kutah an inpe vek a ni. Anti-Pakistani thupui a chhuah avang leh Pakistan POW-te chu tualchhung mite’n an vuak avangin mipui tam takin hmun an luah khat a. A tawpah chuan Indian officer-te chuan Pakistani POW leh Niazi-te chu tualchhung mi indona hmanga dan lo anga mi an tihhlum loh nan human-chain an din a. Mi 93,000 man zinga a tam zawk hi Pakistan Army officer emaw paramilitary officer emaw an ni a, supporter (razakar) 12,000 an awm bawk. Indona chu official takin 17 December 1971-ah tih tawp a ni a, Pakistan sipai 8,000 an thi bakah hliam 25,000 an awm bawk; India sipai zingah hian mi 3,000 chauhin nunna chanin, mi 12,000 velin hliam an tuar bawk.
Indira Gandhi pawh chu indonaa India-in Pakistan a hneh hnu hian mipui bakah eptu hruaitute pawhin Goddess Durga tiin an fak hle a. Kum 1972 March thlaa India ram puma State assembly inthlanpui neihah khan Congress (R) chuan indopui hnu lama “Indira wave”-a chuang chungin state tam zawkah thuneihna a chang ta a ni.
12 June 1975 khan Allahabad High Court chuan kum 1971-a Indira Gandhi-i Lok Sabha-a thlan tlin chu dan lo anga khawsakna avangin Inthlanna dik lo tiin a puang thung a. Kum 1971-a a khingpui Raj Narain (a hnuah kum 1977-a Raebareli bial-a parliament inthlanpui neihah a hneh)-in inthlanna petition a thehluhah, sorkar sum leh pai chu campaign-na atana hman chungchang bakah thil tenau engemaw zat a sawi a. Hei vang hian Indira chuan sorkara a thawhpui pakhat Ashoke Kumar Sen chu court-a chhan turin a ngen a, trial neih chhung hian a invenna atan evidence a pe a ni. Kum li dawn lai a liam leh hnuah court chuan inthlanna dik lo taka thil tih, inthlanna sum hman tam lutuk leh sorkar machinery leh official-te party atana hman a nih avangin thiam loh chantir a. Mahse, judge chuan he thubuaia puh chu a hnawlsak a ni.
Court chuan parliament-a seat hlihsak turin thupek a chhuah a, kum ruk chhung chu eng office-ah pawh ding turin a khap bawk. Constitution-in Prime Minister chu India Parliament In pahnih Lok Sabha emaw Rajya Sabha emaw member nih a ngai tih a sawi avangin a nihna takah chuan a ban a ni. Mahse, Indira chuan ban tura ngenna chu pawm loin Supreme Court-a appeal a tum thu a puang a, thiam loh chantirna hian a dinhmun a tichhe lo tih a sawi. “Kan sorkar thianghlim lo chungchang hi sawi a tam hle a, mahse kan thil tawn atang chuan [opposition] party-te’n sorkar an siam lai khan boruak a chhe zawk hle a ni,” a tiin inthlan campaign sum pawh an thawhkhawm a, party zawng zawngin hmanraw inang an hmang tih a sawi. Prime Minister hi a party-te chuan nghet taka thlawp rengin thuchhuah siamin an thlawp thu an sawi bawk a.
Thutlukna siam chungchang thu a darh hnuah, a thlawptu za tam tak chuan a chenna In pawnah nawrh an huaihawt a, rinawmna thu an tiam. United Kingdom-a Indian High Commissioner, Braj Kumar Nehru chuan Indira Gandhi thiam loh chantir a nih chuan a political career a tichhe dawn lo tih a sawiin “Mrs Indira hian tun thlengin ram chhungah thlawpna nasa tak a la nei a ni,” a ti a. “India ram electorate-in thutlukna dang an siam hma chuan India Prime Minister hi a la awm chhunzawm zel ka ring” a ti bawk a ni.
Sawi tur tam tak a awm a. June 25, 1975 zan lai dar 12: 00 rik hma minute rei lote a la awm tiha India President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed-in Prime Minister Indira Gandhi hnen ațanga ziaka lehkha a hmuh anga Article 352 “Internal Disturbance” tlawh chhana National Emergency puanna tur hming chu a ziah hnan ta rup mai te kha ngaihnawm taka sawi tur ala awm. Thla 20 chhung lai he National Emergency hian a awh a, hemi chhunga thil thleng hi rapthlakin a ngaihawm loh hle mai a, vawiin thleng hian India ramin tawng nawn leh se ti pakhat mah an awm lo hial ang. He National Emergency hun rei zawng hi June 25, 1975 ațanga March 21, 1977 niin, Ni 614 chhung lai a awh a, chu chu Thla 20 zet tihna a ni.
INDIRA HUN HNUHNUNG CHU
31 October 1984 khan Indira Gandhi chu amah vengtu Sikh pahnih Satwant Singh leh Beant Singh-te chuan an ralthuam ken hmangin 1 Safdarjung Road, New Delhi-a Prime Minister chenna huanah an kap a, Wicket Gate a paltlang laiin silai hi hmehpuah a niin Operation Blue Star phuba lakna atan an hmang nia sawi a ni. Hetih hunlai hi British Film siamtu Peter Ustinov-a interview tur a ni a, a ni hi Irish Television tana documentary film buatsaih tu a ni. Beant chuan Pistol hmangin vawi thum a kap a, Satwant erawh chuan vawi 30 zet a kap thung a. Chutianga an kah hnuah chuan an ralthuamte chu leiah dahin chunglamah an ban an phar chho a, an inpe zui nghal a. Hemi hnu hian vengtu dangte chuan pindan khar chhungah an hruai lut a, Beant chu kahhlum a ni. A hnuah Kehar Singh pawh chu he pawikhawihnaa inrawlh vangin man a ni bawk a. Satwant leh Kehar te pahnih hi thi tura hrem an ni a, Delhi-a Tihar Jail-ah khaihlum an ni.
Indira Gandhi pawh chu hmanhmawh takin zing dar 9:30 AM-ah All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)-ah hruai a ni a, Doctor rualin an theihna zawng zawng hmanga an buaipui nghal nain chawhnu lam dar 2:20 chuan thi-a puan a ni. Post-mortem examination hi Tirath Das Dogra kaihhruai Doctor team-in an nei a, Dogra chuan Indira hian silai mu vawi 30 vel a tuar tih a sawi a, Sten Submachine Gun leh .38 Special Revolver hmanga kah a ni. Pawikhawihtute hian silai mu 31 an kap chhuakin, chung silainu zinga 30 chuan Indira taksa kap fuhin silaimu 23 chuan a taksaah kaltlangin, a taksaah silaimu pasarih an la tang thung. Dogra hian an ralthuam hmante siam dan tur leh ralthuam tinte chu ballistic examination hmanga silaimu hmuhchhuah te nena inmil turin Indira taksa atangin silaimu chu a la chhuak a. Silaimu te hi Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) Delhi-ah an ralthuam hrang hrang nena enmil niin alo inmil chiah bawk a. Chumi hnuah Dogra chu Shri Mahesh Chandra court-ah expert witness (PW-5) angin a inlan a; kawng hrang hranga zawhna leh chhanna hun hman a ni. He Cross examination hi Shri Pran Nath Lekhi, Defense Counsel chuan a kaihruai a.
Indira Gandhi ruang hi Hindu hnam dan angin November 3, 1984-ah Raj Ghat bulah halral a ni a. A halna hmun hi tunhnuah chuan Shakti Sthal tia hriat a ni. Zahna lantir nan Indira ruang chu Teen Murti House-ah zalh a ni a. A hnungzuitu sang tam tak chuan ruang halna hmun hi hmuh theih turin an bei nasa hle. A vuina hi ram chhung leh ram pawn station-ah Live-in televised a ni a, BBC-ah pawh en theih tura ruahman a ni. A thih hnuah Parade Ground chu Indira Gandhi Park-ah siam a ni a, a fapa Rajiv Gandhi-a’n a hawng nghe nghe. Thah a nih khan India ram chhung politics boruak chu nasa takin a tidanglam a. Rajiv hian a nu thah a nih aṭanga darkar tlemte chhungin Prime Minister a ni a, Sikh dodalna avangin buaina a chhuak a, ni eng emaw zat a awh nghe nghe a, He buaina avang hian New Delhi-ah Sikh mi 3,000 chuang an thi a, India ram pumah mi 8,000 vel an thi nia chhut a ni. Sikh dodalna hian Congress hruaitu tam tak an awm nia rin a ni bawk.
RAM DANG HRUAITUTE’N AN SUNNA
Gandhi thihna avang hian khawvel ram dang hruaitute pawh a thawng hle a. Khawvel ram hrang hrang hruaitute chuan thah a nihna hi an dem thu sawiin, a thihna hian International Affairs-ah ‘thil ruak lian tak’ a hnutchhiah dawn niin an sawi. Moscow-ah chuan Soviet President Konstantin Chernenko chuan tawrhpuina thu hetiang hian a thawn a; “Soviet mipuite chuan India mipui ropui fanu ropui tak, mipuite remna leh muanna atana meipui hmanga beitu leh mi ropui tak, misual kut tawrhna avanga a hun lo taka thihna chu hrehawmna leh lungngaihna nasa tak nen an tuar ta a ni,” tiin. US President Ronald Reagan chuan Secretary of State George Shultz nen Indian Embassy tlawhin, an lungngaihna thu chu an ziak a, Indira thah a nih avanga mangangin, tualthat tute a huat thu leh a lungngaih thu a ziak lang a. United States Vice President 42-na Walter Mondale chuan Indira chu ‘Democracy ram ropui a hruaitu ropui a ni’ tiin a sawi a, he tharum thawhna thiltih rapthlak tak hi a pawi a ti hle. Asia, Africa leh Europe ram hruaitute chuan Indira hi Democracy champion-puitu ropui tak a nih avangin an lungngai hle a, Non-Aligned Movement hruaitu chuan a ‘lungngaihna thuk ber’ a ni tih sawiin, he thahna hi ‘firfiak’ thiltih ngei a nih thu a sawi bawk. South Korea President Chun Doo-hwan pawhin Indira thihna hian Khawvel pum huap hruaitu ropui tak a hloh tihna a ni a ti. Yugoslav President Veselin Đuranović, Pakistan President Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, Italian President Sandro Pertini, Vatican-a Pope John Paul II leh France President Francois Mitterrand-te pawhin tualthahna hi an dem thu an sawi bawk. United Nations-ah chuan General Assembly chuan an hnathawh lai chu a chawlhsan a, palaite chuan mak an ti hle nghe nghe a, Indira thihna avangin an lungngai hle a ni. Zambia Assembly President Paul Lusaka pawh chuan debate neih tur chu a sawn hla a, hmanhmawh takin hriatrengna inkhawm a buatsaih nghal bawk a ni.