- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Kan khawvel boruak lum zel hi sik leh sa inthlakthleng (Climate change) avanga thleng anga ngaih a ni fo thin a. Sik leh sa inthlakthleng chuan kentel a ngah viau thei a; Global warming kan tih, khawvel boruak lum chho zelte, Tuifinriat chim chin sang chho mek zelte leh natna chi hrang hrang rawn pung chhote pawh pawh hi a huam tel thei vek mai. Khawvel boruak lum chhoh chak lutuk vang hian nunna atana hlauhawm thil tam tak a awm a, tunlai hian kan boruak hip luh atana tha lo thei thil tam tak kan hmachhawn mek a ni. Industrialization chak tak leh mihring pun chakna leh boruak bawlhhlawhte hian Global warming a tisang a. Global warming tih hian kum tina boruak lum zel sawina a nih mai bakah kum zabi kalta chhunga leilung lumna (average temperature) a san chhoh zel dan pawh a kawk a, Global warming hi a hlauhawmna chhan pakhat chu khawvel pum huapa nunna nei zawng zawng (ecology) a tihbuai theih vek vang a ni. Tuilian nasa tak, Riltama retheihna, Thlipui leh thil dang a thlen theih bawk avang hian kan khawvel hian Global warming kan sawi mek hi a tuar nasa em em a ni.
Global warming tih hi Mizo tawng chuan khawvel lumna chawhruala lo sang ta sawina a ni mai a. Khawvel hmun hrang hrang hi a lum leh vawh dan a inang loin hmun thenkhatah a lum viau laiin hmun thenkhatah chuan a vawt em em thung a. Chutih rual chuan kan khawvel hian lum lam a pan telh telh thung a, mihringte’n kan nun awlsamna atana khawl thil kan hman uar avanga sik leh sa danglamna nasa tak a thlen chho zel tak avangin kan khawvel hi lum sawt zel nia hriat a ni. Kum zabi 20-na laihawl vel atanga khawvel lo lum zualna chhan nia sawi chu greenhouse effect hi a ni. Greenhouse avanga khawvel lum chhoh zelna chhan chu kan chenna khawvel hian Ni atangin solar radiation (Ni zung) kan dawng a, chu Ni zung chuan kan chenna khawvel alo thlen hnuin thenkhat inkhawh let leh tur chu Greenhouse gases (Water vapour, Carbon dioxide, Methane leh Nitrous Oxide) te chuan an lo dang ta a, tichuan khawvel hi lum nuam tawk (10°C) velah a chantir ta a. Chuti ni lo sela chuan -25°C vel emaw a ni ang a, a vawt lutuk dawnin mihring chen theihna rual a ni lo ang.
Nimahsela Greenhouse gases kan tihte hi nasa taka alo pung tain mamawh aia tam alo awm takah chuan mihring tana hnawksak mai niloin chenna tlak loha khawvel siamtu hial a rawn ni ta zawk a. Thing leh Mau kan tih chereu nasat lutuk avang pawh hian boruak tha lo hi a hma aia nasain a lo pun phah a, khawl lam thil kan hman uar vang leh lungalhthei lam kan hman uar tak avangte hian kan boruak hi a bawlhhlawlh telh telh bawk a ni. Kum Za hmalam nena khaihkhinin kan khawvel hi chawhrualin 1.4°C velin a hma aiin a lum a, hei hi keimahni mihringte’n khawl thil kan uar tak vang pawh a nih ngei a rinawm. Industry leh Scientific revolution atang khan Leilung hian zawi zawiin a chakna (resource) a hmang ral telh telh a, mihring ei leh in tur mamawh alo san chhoh zel bawk avangin kan ei tur siamna atangin bawlhhlawh tam tak alo chhuak bawk thin. Kum tinin boruak lum leh vawt a danglam zel ang hian ruah sur dan pawh a danglamin Thlipui (Cyclone) tleh dan pawh a danglam zel a, chutiang bawkin Tuifinriat level pawh a pangngai reng thei bik hek lo.
Khawvel lumna hi kum 1700 chho tawp lama Industrial revolution lo awm tan lai aiin 1.5°C velin a sang tawh zawk a. Chu chu keini tan chuan thil tam tak angin a lang lo mai thei a, khawvel hmun tam takah chuan boruak lum leh vawt inthlak danglamna nasa tak an tawk a, hei hian kan leilunga thilnung tinreng hriselna zawng zawng a nghawng a ni. Kum 1950-ah khan khawvela Carbon dioxide (CO2) tam lam chu Ton tluklehdingawn 6 vel a ni a, kum 1990-ah phei chuan a let liin a pung a. Chu mai pawh ni lovin, tunlai CO2 emission control loh chu Ton tluklehdingawn 35 zet a tling tawh an ti a ni. Global warming thlentu langsar ber chu Industry, Khawpui lian, Ramngaw tihchhiat leh mihringin nun khawchhuahna atana kan thiltih tam takte hi a ni. Heng mihringte thiltih hian Greenhouse gases (CO2, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, leh a dangte) chu nasa takin a tipung a ni.
India ram chhung bikah chuan sik leh sa inthlakthleng leh boruak lum zel veng tur hian theihtawpa hmalak a niin sorkar laipui atang ngei pawhin National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) siam a ni a, chu NAPCC chu June 30, 2008-ah khan Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister chuan a tlangzarh nghe nghe a ni. Hemi hnuaiah hian hmalakna tur hlawm lian tak tak hetiang hian duan a ni a;
- National Solar Mission
- National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency
- National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
- National Water Mission
- National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-System
- National Mission for a Green India
- National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
- National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Hetiang hian India sorkar pawhin nasa takin hmalakna a nei a. Kum 2030 Climate Target Plan atan pawh Greenhouse gas pung zel hi kum 1990 dinhmun aia Zaa sawm nga leh panga (55%) aia a hniam theihna tura hmalak a ni.
Mihring pung chak lutuk pawh hian khawvel boruak lum zelah mawhphurhna sang tak a nei tel a, mihring kan tam ang zelin mihring mamawh tam takin a tipung zel bawk a, chu chuan kan khawvel boruak a tichhe zel a. A bik takin Lirthei pung chak lutukte hi boruak ti chhetu langsar tak a ni. Kum 1953-ah khan Mizoram District Council (MDC) chuan Jeep pakhat an neih dawnah khan nasa takin an inhnial a, Second hand Jeep lei an rawtnaah khan Member pakhat chuan ‘Jeep lei kan tum hi necessity (Mamawhna) aiin Luxury (Nawmsak bawlna) lam ni zawk mahin ka hria’ a ti a, nimahsela an lei ta tho a nih kha. Chu Jeep pakhat chu an inhman tawm a, tangkai takin an hmang a ni. Tunah meuh chuan MLA zawng zawngin lirthei an nei vek a, Minister chin phei chuan pahnih/ pathum an kawl ta a nih hi. Mamawhna vanga nei kan nih bakah hmasawnna pakhat a nih bawk avang hian Lirthei hi neih loh theih lohna a awm thin bawk a, amaherawhchu Lirthei avang hian kan khawvel boruak a chhe chak hle thung si a. Kum 1996 atangin India ramah Electric hmang Lirthei (Electrical Vehicles) kan hmang tan a, Electric Car pawh kum 2001 atangin kan lo hmang tan bawk a. Heng Electric hmang lirtheite hian boruak chhia an tihchhuah tlem avangin India ram khawpui hrang hrangah te chuan an hmang uar viau tawh a ni.
Global warming hi mimal vanga puh theih ni chiah lo mahse mimal tinin a chhe zawng leh a tha zawnga tih hmasawn theih a ni. Dik tak chuan Industry leh multinational conglomerate-te hian khawvel mihring zatve aiin Carbon emission level an nei sang zawk a. Mihring khawsak na a harsatna a thlen zel loh nan environment humhalhna pawh ruahmanna tha tak kan neih chhoh zel a ngai a ni. Global warming rate tihhniam kawngah kan tlai tawh hle nachungin, a chinfel dan dik zawn a pawimawh hle a. Mimal atanga sorkar thlengin mi tinin Global warming titlem thei tur chi hmanraw tangkai kan siam chhuah a ngai a. Chung atana pawimawh hmasa chu Pollution control turin mitinin kan mamawh khawl thilte hi boruak ti chhe tlem thei tura kan thlak a tul a, Lirthei lamah pawh Electric hmang chi lirtheite hi Carbon dioxide tihhniamna tha tak a ni. Chubakah chuan mitinin hmanraw tangkai taka kan hman thin plastic lam chi pawh hman tlem hi thil pawimawh tak a ni a, helam kawnga inzirtirna kan uar deuh deuh pawh hi thil tul tak a ni. Thingphun uar leh ramngaw siam hi thil pawimawh tak a ni bawk a, chu chu kan leilung boruak tihthianghlimna atana pawimawh ber pakhat a ni.
Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah kan ramngawte kan enkawl uluk loh avangin Mizoram let nga dawn ramngaw hi kumtin tihchhiat ziah a ni a, tunah phei chuan khawvel pumpuiah ramngaw hi 31% (10 Billion Acre) kan nei mek a. Khawvel ram hrang hranga ramngaw kan neih dan chu hetiang hi a ni; Brazil-ah ramngaw 26.5% awmin Zaire-ah 9.2%, Indonesia-ah 6.1% a awm mek bawk a, heng bakah hian India, Peru, Angola leh Bolivia ramahte ramngaw hi 3.0% ang vel theuh a awm mek bawk. Heng baka 40% chu ram hrang hrangah tlem tlemin a awm hlawm bawk a ni. India ram bikah ngei pawh State of Forest Report, 2021 (FSI) tarlang danin a ram zau zawng atanga chhutin 24.6% hi ramngaw a ni a, Chhura rual kan tih ramngaw phei chu 4% pawh kan nei tling tawh lo. Mizoramah ngei pawh hian ramngaw kan neih dan hi a kum telin a tlem telh telh a; State of Forest Report tarlang danin 2011 – 90.68%, 2013 – 90.38%, 2015 – 88.93%, 2017 – 86.27%, 2019 – 85.41%, 2021 – 84.53% hi kan ramngaw neih tlem telh telh zel dan a ni a. Mizoramah hian kan hmuh angin kan ramngaw neihte kan enkawl that loh avangin nasa takin a tlahniam zel a, Chhura rual tih theih tur ramngaw tha phei chu 0.74% chauh a awm tawh a. Hetiang zela ramngaw kan ti chereu a nih chuan boruak lum zel hi kan hmabak a nih mai bakah Zo thlifim kan tih ngei pawh hi ala awm lo thuai mai thei a ni.
Mithiamte sawi dan chuan Mihring pangngai hian nikhatah vawi 22,000 kan thaw hmanin boruak 16kgs vel kan hip lut thin an ti a. Chu boruak kan hip luh chu thlai leh thing atanga kan hmuh niin Buh tin hnih leh a chanve hmun ramngaw hian boruak tibawlhhlawhtu boruak chhia (CO2) 3700kgs hip ralin boruak tha (Oxygen) 200kgs a pechhuak an ti bawkin thing kung pakhat hlutna hi cheng Nuai 50 – 60 hu vel a ni ange an ti a ni. Delhi khawpui khu kumin April thla velah (Nipui boruak intan chhoh vel lai) khan chhuna pawn chhuah hrehawm khawpin khua a lum tawh a, tlai dar li vel atangin pawn chhuah a nuam vel chauh thin a. June thla chhoah phei chuan a lum zual ngei ang a. Khuti khawp khuan khawpui chhungah thing tam lo phei sela chuan hrehawm tak tur a ni a, khutiang khu keini pawhin kan hmabak ala ni lo ang tih sawi har tak a ni. Kum tina ramngaw tha kan vah chereu dan leh kan vah bak ram kang tam tak awm thin avang hian nungchate tan pawha chenna hmun tur hi a awm lo telh telh bawk a, nungcha chauh niloin keimahni tan ngei pawha hrehawmna tur hi kan la insiam chho zel a ni bawk si a, hetiang reng a nih chuan kan hmabak hi hrehawm tak ala ni hial mai thei a ni.