- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
America ram chanchinah hian ngaihnawm tak tak a awm a, Great Britain atanga July 4, 1776-a tharum thawha independence an puan hnua 1789-a zalenna famkim an chan tak chauh dante kha a ngaihnawm viau mai. Chutia zalenna an chan atanga bul an tan chhoh zel dante leh vawiina ram ropui tak an lo nih chhoh danahte hian chanchin ngaihnawm tak tak a awm bawk a. Chung an chanchin zawng zawngah chuan vawiin thlenga America President chanvo chelh rei ber Franklin Delano Roosevelt, March 4, 1933 atanga April 12, 1945 chhung chelhtu chanchin leh America mipuite tana a hnathawh chanchin hi chanchin ngaihnawm berte zing ami a ni ngei ang a. A bik takin kuthnathawktute khaichhuahna atana ruahmanna thar a siam – NEW DEAL chanchin hi chanchin ngaihnawm lai ber a nih hial a rinawm.
President FD. Roosevelt hi Theodore Roosevelt thlah chhawng ngana niin January 30, 1882-ah a piang a, kum 1910 atangin politics lamah inhmang tanin, kum 1911-ah Senator atan thlan tlin a ni a, kum 1928-ah New York Governor atan thlan tlin a ni lehin kum 1932-ah America President atan thlan tlin a ni leh a. President a nih chhung hian thil danglam nasa tak a thlengin Happy days are here again tih programme hmangin America sorkar chu nasa takin a siam tha a, hei vang hian a hming thang hle nghe nghe. A hunlai hian khawvel indopui pahnihna thlengin Pearl Harbour-a US sipai hmun pawimawh chu Japan chuan a rawn bomb thut mai a. Chutianga saipui mu hle hle lai Japanin a rawn kaihthawh takah chuan ngawi mai mai thei bik loin Japan khawpui pawimawh ber ber pahnihah bomb hlauhawm tak thlakin Japan chu a tlawm chiang hle mai a. He bomb an thlak hma hian Japan chu inpe mai turin an ngen a, an luhlul tlat erawh chuan an tawrh tur pawh an hrilh nghalin Japan lam erawh chuan tlawm mai an tum bik tlat loh avangin khati khan bomb chu an thlak ta a ni kha.
America rama kuthnathawktute harsatna khur thuk tak ata President FDR-in a khaichhuah danah hian thui tak sawi tur a awm a. Lincoln hunlai daih tawha Homestead Act, 1862 an lo hman tan khan tupawhin ram an enkawl theih dawn phawt chuan tiin Acre 160 thleng an enkawl remtihsakin kum nga an enkawl theih dawn phei chuan ram chu an nei hlen thei ang an ti bawk a. Hei chauh hi niloin ram enkawltute chu America khua leh tui an nih loh pawhin tha taka eizawnna atana kum nga chhung ram an enkawl theih phawt chuan America khua leh tui an ni thei bawk ang an ti a ni. Tichuan ram hrang hrang atangin America ramah chuan mi chi hrang hrang an rawn pemkhawm tain vun rawng hrang hrangte chuan ram enkawlin, pemkhawm an nasat em avang chuan ‘Melting pot’ tih hial a ni a. Kum nga lek hnuah Acre 160 atangin Acre 320 an ram enkawl tur chin an zauh leh bawk a, kum 1880-ah phei chuan Acre 640 laiah an lo pun chho ta hluai mai a.
Homestead Act, 1860 nena tangkawp turin The Morill Land Grant College Act an pass bawkin sorkar chuan Agriculture leh Industry lama zirna tur ram an mamawh chuan tu ram pawh sorkar chuan an mamawh dan ang angin a laksak thei ang tih a niin thlai thar chhuahte chak zawka hralh a nih theihna atan The Pacific Railway Act pawh kum 1862 bawkah pass a ni a. Chutianga dan leh dun tha tak hnuaia mi chi hrang hrangin thlai an chin a, an enkawl takah chuan America ram chu ram hla tak tak atanga rawn pemkhawmte chuan an hlawkpui hle mai a, a tlangpuiin Wheat, La leh Vaimimte hi an chin uar chu a ni. Kum 1865 – 1900 inkar chhoah phei chuan an vanglai tak tawngin America ramah chuan thlai thar an lo ngah tak em em a, nimahsela ram danga hralhna an hriat mai loh avangin a thar tam apiang tan retheihna a zual emaw tih mai tur a ni a. Sorkar lama nasa taka an nawr hnuah pawh thil tih tak tak theih a nih si loh avangin loneitute chuan an hmalakna a chak zawkna turin ‘The Grange’ tih chu kum 1867-ah an dinin theihtawp an chhuah a. An hmalakna chuan an ram politics pawh a nghawng hle a ni.
America mipuite, a bik takin kuthathawktute retheih chhung hi a rei hle mai a, Lincoln hunlai hian chhim leh hmar indona avangin nasa takin tualchhungah harsatna a thleng bawk siin Andrew Johnson (1865 – 1869), Ulysses S. Grant (1869 – 1877), Rutherford B. Hayes (1877 – 1881), James A. Garfield (March 4, 1881 – Sept. 19, 1881), Chester A. Arthur (1881 – 1885) Grover Cleveland (1885 – 1889 & 1893 – 1897), Benjamin Harrison (1889 – 1893), William McKinley (1897 – 1901), Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909), William Howard Taft (1909 – 1913), Woodrow Wilson (1913 – 1921), Warren G. Harding (1921 – 1923), Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1929), Herbert Hoover (1929 – 1933) te ngei pawh hi mi tha leh chhuanawm tak tak nimahsela khawvel history-ah an langsar ta vak lo a nih hi.
New Deal hi kum 1933 – 1939 inkara President FD. Roosevelt-a programme, public work project leh sum leh pai lama siamthatna leh dan siamte a ni a, a nihna takah zawk chuan Great Depression (America chanchina sum leh pai lama tlakchhiatna nasa tak) dona atana tih a ni. He Great Depression hi Oct. 29, 1929-a stock market tlahniam thut atanga bul tan niin hemi ni hi vawiin thlengin Black Tuesday tia sawi ala ni reng a. Chu chuan America ram pum puiah economy lamah thlakchhiatna nasa tak thlen nghalin hnathawktu tam tak an ban phahin mipui retheihna chu sorkar chuan a chhan thei bawk si lo a, mipui retheihna leh manganna chuan a vawrhtawp a thleng takmeuh a ni. Kum 1933-a inthlanpui alo thlen leh chuan Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) chu thlan tlin a niin mithiam a nih mai bakah a ngaihna hria leh mi huaisen tak a nih bawk avangin America chhanchhuahna atan thil pali a ruahman a, chungte chu;
WPA: Works Progress for Administration
CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps
SSA: Social Security Act, 1935
TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority
WPA: Ei leh bar zawnna lama hmasawnna ti chak turin leh mipui nawlpuiin hna an thawh theih tur a siam thar a, kut themthiamna lam leh infrastructure leh Arts programme-ahte hna a siam thar bawk.
CCC: Environment humhalhna project hrang hrangah thalai hna nei lote tan hna a siam thar bawk a.
SSA: Social insurance system a siam thar bawk a, chutah chuan unemployment benefits leh pension-te pawh telhin chu chuan harsatna tawkte tan sum leh pai lama tanpuina pek thin a ni.
TVA: Tennessee Valley Area-a infrastructure tihchangtlunna tur leh hnathawh tur siamna leh retheihna tihziaawmna tur regional development programme changtlung tak a kalpui bawk.
Hetianga kalphung thar ruahmanna a han siam takah chuan mipui rin pawh a hlawh nghal mai bawkin mipuite nena direct taka inbiakpawhna a siamte pawh chuan a hmalakna kawngah nasa takin a pui bawk a. Economic reforms thlenin securities and exchange commission (SEC) a din bawk a, chu chuan stock market lamah leh 1929 anga tlakchhiatna thlen theitu tur lakah a veng a, an tangkaipui hle. Kawng hrang hranga a hmalakna hlawhtling tak avang chuan America chanchinah President nghawng lian ber leh America-a danglamna nasa tak thlentu zingah chhiar tel a ni.