- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
British East India Company (BEIC) chuan kum zabi 17-na tir lam atangin India ramah lutin sumdawnna bul an rawn tan a. Kum 1612-ah King James I hnen atangin East Indies-a sumdawnna kawnga thuneihna (monopoly) an la a, chu chuan India ram thlengin a huam tel bawk a. East Indies tih hian a huam zau hle mai; India Subcontinent kan tih mai India, Pakistan leh Bangladesh-te bakah hian Sri Lanka a huam tel bawkin Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore leh Philippines thlengin a huam tel bawk a. Heng bakah hian Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Maldives leh Lakshadweep Islands leh Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan leh Afganistan te zawng zawng hi a huam tel bawk a ni.
Tichuan, Mughal Emperor Jahangir phalna lain Gujarat khawpui Surat-ah factory hmasa ber an din a, kum 1640-ah Chennai-ah factory pahnihna din lehin kum 1650 alo thlen leh meuhah chuan Mumbai leh Kolkatta thlengin an sumdawnna chuan hmun a luah tawh a. Hetiang taka India rama bul an tan a, an sumdawnnain ram a zauh chak takah chuan a ram neitu Indian-te nen chuan inhmuhthiam loh pawh tawk foin vawi tam tak an indo bawk a. India ram chhunga rorelna an chan dan hi hetiang hian han then ila – Company Rules (1612 – 1858); BEIC chuan India ram chhungah factory dinin sumdawnna bul an tan a, an sumdawnna huang chu zauh zelin kum 1757 alo thlen chuan Bengal ram awptu Siraj-Ud-Daula chu Plessey indonaah an hneh a, chu chu India rama politics lama rorelna bul an tanna a ni. Hemi hnuah hian Crown Rules (1858 – 1947) thleng lehin, Kum 1857-a India helna nasa tak thleng avangin British sorkar chuan BEIC chu thiatin India ram chu direct takin a thunun ta a, hei hi British Raj bul tanna a ni.
Heta tang hian Queen Victoria chu India lalnu (Empress of India)-ah puan a niin British sorkar chuan India rama rorelna fawng chelhtu tur Viceroy a ruat bawk a. Viceroy dinhmun lo chelh tawhtute chu; Lord Canning (1858 – 1862), Lord Elgin (1862 – 1863), Lord Lawrence (1864 -1869), Lord Mayo (1869 – 1872), Lord Northbrook (1872 – 1876), Lord Lytton (1876 – 1880), Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884), Lord Dufferin (1884 – 1888), Lord Lansdowne (1888 – 1894), Lord Elgin (1894 – 1899), Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905), Lord Minto (1905 – 1910), Lord Hardinge (1910 – 1916), Lord Chelmsford (1916 – 1921), Lord Reading (1921 – 1926), Lord Irwin (1926 – 1931), Lord Willingdon (1931 – 1936), Lord Linlithgow (1936 – 1943), Lord Wavell (1943 – 1947), Lord Mountbatten (1947). Hetiang hian India mipuite chungah rorelna an neiin kum 1947 thleng khan min awpin kan chungah thuneihna an nei a ni.
British in kum 1858 atanga India min awp hunchhungah khan retheihna tinreng kan tuar a ni ber a, tihduhdahna chi hrang hrang kan tuar a, an duh duh hunah min sawisa a ni ber mai. April 13, 1919-ah Brig. Gen. Dyer chuan Jallianwala Bagh-a mipui nunau pungkhawmte a kahtir chiam mai a, mi sang chuang lai mai an thi nghe nghe a ni. Hetiang taka mingo hoin India mite min tihduhdah avang hian Pu Gandhi chuan an lak atanga zalenna kan hmuh theih chu kan tana tha bera hriain zalenna nei thei tura beih chu tihmakmawhah a ngai a, amah ngei chuan zalenna kan neih theihna turin theihtawp a chhuah a, tanin hialte pawh tangin vawi tam tak chaw a nghei phah bawk a. March 12, 1930 kha Gandhi chuan Britist a beih tanna ber a tih thei awm e. Kum 1947-ah zalenna tura a beihna chu hlawhtlingin India chuan zalenna alo nei thei ta a, nimahsela zalenna hun pawh a hman rei hma hauhin Gandhi chu Jan. 30, 1948-ah Hindu sakhaw la run taktu Nathuram Godse chuan a kap hlum ta hlauh mai a, kum 78 mi chauh niin a boral leh ta mai a ni.
Gandhi-te’n zalenna nei tura an sual nasatzia hi India chanchinah chanchin ngaihnawm ber lai a ni hial awm e, Gandhi kawppui ber leh India Prime Minister hmasaber (15 Aug. 1947 – 27 May 1964) Nehru chuan zalenna kan hmuh zanah, Aug. 14, 1947 zanlaiah ngei chuan “Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny; and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom” tiin thu a sawi a, he thusawi hi zalenna sawifiahna atan chuan a famkim ber hial awm e, kum zabi 20 naa thusawi ropui berte zinga thlan a ni nghe nghe a. He huna Indiain zalenna a neih rual hian keini Mizoram ngei pawhin zalenna kan nei ve nghalin min awptu Kumpinu chuan min chhuahsan nghal tih hrereng ila a tha ang.
Kumpinu sorkar chak takin India hmarchhak kila kum 57 (1890 – 1947) chhung lai Mizote min awp lai khan rahbi thar tam tak chu min siam sak ngei tak nain anmahni bawk (Mingo ho) chu hruaitu hmasa ber ber an ni zel tho a; Mizorama tlawmngai pawl ding hmasa ber YMA chu kum 1935-ah din a ni a, President hmasa ber chu Rev. L. Evan (Pu Niara) a ni a, kum 1954-ah Kristian |halai Pawl din a ni lehin President hmasa ber chu Rev. O.W. Owen a ni leh bawk a. Mizoram College ding hmasa ber Aijal College (tuna Pachhunga University College) pawh hi kum 1958-a din a niin Principal hmasa ber pawh Brother Godfrey Danis a ni a, Mizorama High School din hmasak ber, kum 1944-a din pawh Headmaster hmasa ber chu Rev. B.E. Jones a niin Lungleia Jubillee Bible School kum 1946-a dinte, Lunglei High School-ahte leh Lunglei Christian High School-a Headmaster hmasa ber chu Rev. R.F. Tucker a ni zel a, hetiang hian hmun dangah pawh a ni deuh zel mai.
Hetiang taka min awpbeta an duh dan dana min la kaihruai zui zel kha dik tak chuan a tlawmthlak ngawih ngawih a, tlawm lo thei kan nih chiah lohna chhan kha thui tak sawi tur a awm bawk ang. Khawtlanga kan lalte zingah khan Ropuiliani anga tlawm ve duhlo thinlung nei an tlem emai a, silai leh hmanraw tha zawk lo nei ni ila chuan khati tak khan min awp bet lo deuh pawhin a rinawm a, kan thinlung chuan a cho viau tak nain kan hmanraw neihte kha a inthlauh em zawk vangin tlawm lo thei lo kan ni tiin sawi ila a dik thei tho awm e. Chutichuan, tharumah kan tlawm a, thiamnaah min tlawm leh a, sakhaw rawngbawlnaah an thuhnuaiah min dah leh a nih kha. Chutiang taka min awpbehna hnuaiah chuan thil thar min han zirtir ta a, kan hmanraw pawimawh ber mai khuangte pawh chu ramhuai biakna hmanrua ang maiin min sawisak a, kum tam tak hnuah chauh a nih kha kohhran ngei pawhin khuang chu biakbuka ngaihngam leh lungthlu taka kan hman theih chauh ni.
Kum 1947-ah min chhuahsan a, kut ruakin min kalsan a. Puanthuah tel a min chhuahsan kha dik taka sawi chuan an ngaihawm thlawt loh a, thil dang chu sawi loh Politics lamah ngei pawh keimahniin kan inzir chawp a, thiam leh thiam loin kan hruaitu hmasate khan ram an hruai nawk nawk a. Chutianga min chhuahsan a, kir leh rual loha tuipui ral lama min liamsan tawh hnuah pawh chuan keini chuan an sulhnu chu kan la chhui chhunzawm ta zel a, an tihdante chu changkang zawka hriatna kan la nei tlat zel bawkin an tawngte thleng chuan intihchangkanna atan kan la zuk hmang zel a! Hruaitu mual liamtate zingah, a bik takin R. Vanlawma leh KC. Lalvunga te kha chuan engtiklai pawhin Mizo an nihna kha dah chungnun an tum hram hram a, khawi hmunah pawh awm sela Mizo an nihna kha an lantir hram hram zelin a mizo thei ang berin anmahni pawh kha an nung zel kha a ni a, an fakawm ngawt mai.
Zalenna hlutna kan hriatfiah theihna atan Mizoramin Zalenna kan sual kha han sawi kai leh zawk ila. Kum 1966-ah India awpna hnuai atanga mahnia tal hran tumin Zalenna kan sual a. Kum 1954-ah Tripura leh Manipur-te nen chuan Assam hnuaiah District Council kan nei hrang a, kum 18 hnu, 1972-ah Mizo District Council chu Union Territory a hlankai leh a niin hemi hun atang hian kan hruaitu hmasate khan India hnuai atanga talchhuah an tum ta a ni. Amaherawhchu kan hlawhtling lo a, hlawhchham let der erawh kan ni chiah bik chuang loin Mizo hnam sipaite rammut tirh atanga kum 20 hnuah India nen chuan remna siam a niin Mizoram chu Union Territory atangin State-ah hlan kai kan lo ni ta a. India lak atanga talhran tumte chu India hnuaiah bawk kan lut leh tihna a nih chu. Nimahsela dan leh dun tha tak nei an nih avangin kan zalen a, zalenna sualtu kan hnam sipaite ngei pawh chuan General Amnesty (a huhoa ngaihdamna) dawngin remna kan lo nei ta a ni.
India lak atanga zalenna kan sual lai chanchin hi ngaihnawm tak tak a tam rualin lung tichhetu tam tak pawh a awm thei bawk a, zalenna kan sual chhung, kum 20 chhunga kan retheih ziate kha rethei rapthlak tak kan ni. Kan hmeichhiate chu an duh hun hunah an pawngsual a, mipate lah salah an man bawk a, nunau tan ngei pawh raltia awm reng a nih bawk avangin kum 1986-a Inremna kan lo nei ta kha thil lawmawm tak a niin mipui, a bik takin nunaute tan ngat phei chuan zalenna kan nei ta kha a lawmawm dan a ropui lehzual ngei ang. Kan zalenna hi la hrethiam lo fo an awm a nih chuan tun huna Myanmar rama kan unaute awmdan hi ngaihtuah sela tlemte tal chuan zalenna hlut zia chu an hriat phah deuh mahna le.
He zalenna man hi a sang a, a hlu a, a ropui bawk a ni. He zalenna nei tura thisen chhuah nasat ziate kha vawiina thangtharte hian kan theihnghilh mai thiang hauh lo ang a, anni zara zalenna nei kan ni tih hi kan hriat thar fo a pawimawh. Zalenna ramah kan awm tawh alawm tih vanga dan leh dun kan palzam ngawt pawh a thiang chuang hek lo. Zalenna hmang thiam a, nitin khawsakna leh kawng hrang hranga midang tana malsawmna ni tur zawka nun kan hman a pawimawh a. Rambuai reh hnu atanga kum tam tak hnuah July 26, 2021 niah chuan Assam nena ramri hnaihah hnam dang (Assamese) te nen inkahna alo thleng a, zamna nei hauh loa kan kah letna chuan hnehna min chantir a nih kha. Khatiang taka huaisenna thinlung kan neih kha zalenna rahchhuah kan ti lo thei lo ang a, khatiang taka hnehna kan chan theihna chhan kha chunglam ngei pawhin hnam dangte laka kun reng tur kan nih loh zia min hriattir a tum vang a ni ti pawhin sawi ila kan sawi sual kher awm lo e.
Zalenna chuan nasa takin hmalam min pan tir thei bawk a, chutiang bawkin zalenna avangin khawthlir zau tak kan lo nei thei bawk. Zalenna hlutna hi kawng tam takin sawi tur ala awm thei tho nain heng kawng pahnih lek pawh hi Zofate hian zawh dik ila a rampuma hmasawn phah theihna tur a ni. A bik takin |halaite hian ram leh hnam hmangaihna thuk tak nei chungin hmalam pan ila, ram leh hnam hmangaihna nei chungin nitin hun hmang ila keimahni ngeiin a zar kan zo bakah kan tu leh fate ngei pawhin a zar an la rawn zo ve zel bawk ang. Ruihhlo leh kan taksa tichhe thei lakahte insumin intlansiakna kawng hrang hrangte a chak ber nih tumin infuih sauh sauh ila, tanrualna tha tak nen theihtawp i chhuah ang u. Chu tak chu zalenna hlutna chu a ni a, mitin tana thil pawimawh tak bawk chu a ni.