- Laiu Fachhai
Sap ṭawnga “Tyranny” an tih hi, JF Dailova chuan Mizo ṭawngin “lal râwnna” tiin a dah a. “Majority” tih chu “a tam zawkte” tihna a ni a, “minority” tih chu “a tlem zawkte” tihna a nihzia mi tin hriat a ni. Chuvangin “tyranny of the majority” leh “tyranny of the minority” tihte chu “a tam zawkte lal râwnna” leh “a tlem zawkte lal râwnna” tih ila, a sual em lo vang chu maw.
TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY
“Tyranny of the majority” tih tawngkam leh ngaihtuahna hi French historian leh political theorist Alexis de Tocqueville’n (1805-1859) a hmang hmasa ber awm e. Majoritarianism tih te pawhin sawi a ni ṭhin. System (tih dan, inrelbawl dan) hi “ism” a ni tawh chuan, system nghet takin a kal tawh ṭhin a, sawisel thei a ni tawh ṭhin lo. Tihdanglam pawh harsa tak a ni tawh ṭhin.
Democracy politics khawvelah chuan majority sawrkar tih hian ram mipui tam zawk vote hmu-a sawrkarna siam presidential system emaw, thlantlin (MP/MLA) member tam zawk neih-a sawkarna siam parliamentary system emaw a kawk a. Tyranny of the majority tih leh majoritarianism tih chu sawrkar’n opposition (minority) thusawi leh rawtnate chu thil ṭha a nih leh nih loh lam ngaihtuah lem lo va, hnawl vek tumna leh hnawl vek ṭhinna a kawk a ni. Anmahni ruling party memberte thusawi leh rawtna leh sawrkar rawtnate a nih chuan, majority an nihna hmang ṭangkai a, pawm zel tumna leh pawm zelna a kawk bawk. Chumi avang chuan he kal dan hi tyranny of the majority (a tam zawkte lal râwnna) tia koh hial a lo ni ta a ni.
Vote zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun hnih (66.67%) leh a chung lam vote hmu-a super majority sawrkar siamtute pawh an awm thin. Super majority nei sawrkar chuan tunlai dinhmun nena inmil tawh lo constitution bung leh changte ṭha an tih ang leh an duh dan anga tihdanglam theihna vote an nei a, a ṭha hle. Chutih rualin chapona, dictatorship leh tyranny of the majority lama luh a awl hle ve thung a, a hlauhawmna chin a awm ve a ni. Tyranny of the majority pumpelh a nih theihna turin, sawrkarna siam tawk lek, 50-60% inkar vote hian sawrkar siam ṭhin se a ṭha hle zawk mai thei. Ram tana thil ṭha tur a nih dawn phawt chuan, danpui siamthat rawtnate telin, opposition lamin an vote pui mai ang.
Kawng dangah chuan tyranny of the majority system chu, population tam zawk leh hmasawn zawk majority hnamte’n population tlem zawk leh hnufual zawk minority hnamte himna, feeling, duhdan, hnamzia (culture), ṭawng leh hmasawnna te ngaihtuahpui leh hriatthiampui tumna nei lo va, minorityte chu rapbet a, kal khumin majority hnamzia leh ṭawnga assimilate tumna system a ni. Chutianga majority hnamte lal râwnna hnuaiah chuan minorityte chanvo a chhe hle thin a ni. Hnam anga an dam khawchhuahna (survival) te thlengin a nghawng phah thin a ni. Population tam zawk nei sakhua chuan population tlem zawk nei sakhua rapbetin a kal khum thei bawk a, kohhran leh Kohhran inkarah pawh chutiang thil chu a thleng thei a ni.
Majorityte hmuh dan leh ngaih dante hi ṭha ber leh dik ber an ni ziah ṭhin kher lo tih pawh hriat tel a ṭha hle awm e. Numbers bung 13-naa Kanaan ram enthlak thu ah khan minorityte hmuh dan leh ngaih dan kha Pathian duhzawng a ni tlat. Enthlatu 12-te zingah khan minority (Joshua leh Kaleba) hmuh dan leh ngaih dan kha Pathian duhzawng a ni a, majority (enthlatu 10 rualte) hmuh dan leh ngaih dante kha Pathian duh lo zawng a ni tlat a ni. Chuvangin minorityte hmuh dan leh ngaih dante hi ngaih pawimawh ve ṭhin a ṭha hle. Hemi avang hian a ni ang, USA-ah chuan “opposition” tih tawngkam hmang lovin “minority” tih an hmang zawk a ni: Minority leader, minority te hmuh dan leh ngaih dan, etc.
TYRANNY OF THE MINORITY
Havard University-a political scientist pahnih – Daniel Ziblatt leh Steven Levitsky – te chuan nikum (2023)-ah khan Tyranny of the Minority tih lehkhabu an chhuah a. A tawi zawngin sawi ila, USA Inthlanna dan constitution an sawisel (critique) a ni deuh ber. USA-ah chuan President thlannaah candicate pakhat chuan mipui (popular) vote-ah hmu tam zawk mah se, electoral college (state upate) vote-ah absolute majority (50+%) a hmu lo a nih chuan thlan tlinna puan a ni thei lo. A khingpui chuan mipui vote hmu tlem zawk mah se la, electoral college vote-ah absolute majority a hmuh tlat chuan, thlan tlina puan a ni thin. A awmzia chu a ram mipui tam zawkin an duh loh leh an vote loh chu President a ni thei tihna a ni.
Entirnan, kum 2016 USA inthlanpui-ah khan Pu Donald Trump chuan electoral college vote 538-ah 304 (56.5%) hmuin, tlin theihna tur 270 aia tam fe a hmu a ni. Mipui vote erawh chu 62,984,828 (46.1%) chauh a hmu thung. A khingpui Pi Hillary Clinton khan mipui vote-ah chuan Pu Trump aia hmuh tam zawk fein, 65,853,514 (48.2%) lai hmu mah se la, electoral college vote 227 chauh a hmuh avangin thlan tlin a ni ta lo a ni. Mipui vote 5% vel chu party dangte-ah a kal a ni. Hetiang system hi Ziblatt leh Levitsky chuan kal dan tur leh thil dik leh ṭha niin an hre lo va, mi tlem zawkte’n an duh leh an vote sawrkar neih a, chu “minority” sawrkar’n a thu thua rorelna a kalpui chu, tyranny of the minority (a tlem zawkte lal râwnna) an ti hial a ni.
Multi-party parliamentary system-ah pawh hian chutiang thil chu a awm ve thei. Kan hriat ṭheuh angin, multi-party parliamentary system-ah chuan mipui tam zawk (50+%) absolute majority vote hmuh a ngai lo. Candidatete zinga vote hmu tam ber chu thlan tlina puan a ni mai a ni. A awmzia chu political party pakhat emaw, party pakhat aia tam coalition emaw chuan mipui tam zawk vote hmu lo mah se la, MP/MLA member tam zawk (50+%) an nei chuan sawrkar an siam thei a ni. Hei pawh hi thlirna tlang dang atanga thlir chuan, he ziaktu’n “Majority Vs Plurality” tih thupui hmanga multi-party parliamentary system ṭhat lohna (weakness) a critique ang khan, mipui tam zawkin an vote loh party’n sawrkar a siam chuan “minority” sawrkar a nihna lai a awm a ni, a ram mipui tam zawkin an duh loh party a nih avangin.
Entirnan nikuma (2023) Mizoram inthlanpuiah khan ZPM chuan MLA seat 40-ah seat 27 lai lain sawrkar siam mah se, mipui vote erawh chu 37.86 % chauh an hmu a, Mizoram mipui tam zawk (62.14%) chuan ZPM an vote lo tihna a ni. Kumin (2024) India inthlanpui-ah pawh, Centrala rorel lai NDA chuan mipui vote 46.2% chauh a hmu a, India mipui tam zawk (53.8%) chuan NDA chu an vote lo tihna a ni. Chutianga mipui tam zawkin an duh loh leh an vote loh party leh coalitionte’n sawrkar an siam theihna multi-party parliamentary system chu, sawi tawh angin, “minority” sawrkar an nihna lai a awm ve a, chu “minority” sawrkar chuan mipui tam zawk feeling leh sentiment te ngaih pawimawh lo a, an thu thua ro an rel chuan, tyranny of the minority ann kalpui tihna a ni.
Kawng dang lehah chuan a ram mipui tam zawk vote hmu sawrkar mah ni se la, an term an han hmang chho va, roreltute nunzia te, an thiltih leh tih loh te leh sawrkar leh rorelna an kalpui dan te avangin mipui tam zawk rinna (confidence) leh pawmpuina (approval) an hloh thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan “minority” sawrkar an ni tawh tihna a ni a, chuvangin ram ṭhenkhata hruaitute chuan mawhphurna lain an bang a, inthlanna hun thlen hma pawhin inthlan an puang mai thin a ni. Ram ṭhenkhata hruaitute erawh chuan mipui rinna leh pawmpuina an hloh tawh a nih pawhin an bang duh lo a, inthlan pawh a hun a thlen hma chuan an puang duh ṭhin lo. Tyranny of the minority (a tlem zawkte lal râwnna) an kalpui chhunzawm ṭhin.
A leh lam ah chuan, sawrkar siamtu party chuan thlan tlin an nih tirah mipui tam zawk vote hmu lo mah se la, dikna leh rinawmnaa rorelin ram tana hna an thawh ṭhat chuan, ram mipui tam zawk rinna leh pawmpuina an hmu leh thei a ni. Zahna, rinna leh pawmpuina te hi a ngena ngen chi emaw, thu pek chi emaw ni lovin, a hlawha hlawh chhuah chi a ni.
TLANGKAWMNA
Majority vote hmuh avanga sawrkar siamtu party chuan, minority partyte thusawi leh rawtnate chu hnial leh hnawl ringawt mai lovin, ram tana tha tur thil a nih chuan, pawmpui thiam tum sela a puitlin thlak hle ang a, ramin a ṭhatpui dawn a ni. Chutianga an tih theih chuan kal dan ṭha loh leh hlauhawm tyranny of the majority a pumpelh thei ang. Multi-party parliamentary system kan hman mek pawh hi, tyranny of the minority a awm loh nan amendment siam te pawh a hun tawh hle.
Hnam population leh ṭawnga majorityte pawhin minorityte feeling, duhdan, hnamzia (culture) leh ṭawngte zah sak a, hriat thiampui a, an himna tur leh an hmasawnna turte ngaihtuahpui a, minorityte chu majorityte hnamzia leh ṭawngah assimilate an tum loh chuan, ṭhenawm ṭha an ni ang a, ramah remna leh muanna a leng thei dawn a ni.
Tirhkoh Paulan, “A tâwp berah chuan unaute u, a dik apiang te, a zahawm apiang te, a fel apiang te, a thianghlim apiang te, a duhawm apiang te, a thang mawi apiang te – ṭhatna rêng a awma, fakna rêng a awm phawt chuan – chûng chu ngaihtuah rawh u,” tia fuihna thu a sawi angin (Philippi 4.8), majority leh minorityte’n inzahtawnna nei a, thu leh hlate inngaihthlak sak tawn a, feelingte inhriatthiam pui tawn tumin, ram tana ṭha tur thu leh hlate sawi hova zai ho in, thil tih hona nei ṭhinte hi ringtute leh mipuitlingte nun dan tur chu a ni e.