- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Former US President) khan ‘Mi tupawh, a rama thing leh thil to, lui, ramsa leh nungcha tichereutu chuan a ram leh hnam tichhe turin hma ala a ni’ tiin alo sawi phawng tawh a. Chutiang taka environment humhalhna a ngai pawimawh chu chawimawi tlak a ni takmeuh mai. Kum 1972-a Stockholm hmuna UN. General Conference on the Human Environment neihah chuan June ni 5 hi World Environment Day atan an lo puang tawh bawk.
Environment tih hian a huam chin zau thei viau mahsela kan chhehvela nungchate mai bakah thing leh maute hi a ni e tiin sawi ila kan sawi lem chuang awm lo e. Khawvel huap pawhin sawi ila kan environment hi a chhe sawt em em a, humhalh a ngai takmeuh tih chu khawvel lum zel hian fiah takin a lantir a, kan chenna Mizoramah ngei pawh nasa taka thing leh maute kan tihchereu zel avangin a humhalhna lamah ke kan pen chak a tul ta hle mai.
Thing leh maute hi nunna min petu an nihna hi mi tam takte chuan kan hre duh lo thinin kan kit mawlh mawlh a, pi leh pute atanga kan lo chinthan tawh angin kumtin thing leh mau tam tak kan kit a, kumtina hetianga lo atana kan neih thinte hi bansan a hun tawh hle. Kum 1981 daih tawhah khan mithiamte chuan thingkung pakhat Ton 50 (45,000Kgs) a ritin a dam hun kum 50 chhunga a rah, a par leh a thing bakah mihring tana a thawh leh a tangkaina zawng zawng an chhutin cheng 15,70,000/- man lai tlingin an chhut a. Hetiang taka hlu a nih chuan kan ram thing leh maute hi an lo hlu hle mai dawn tih pawh min ngaihtuah tir thei bawk.
Ramhmul damdawi kan tih, thing leh mau atangtea damdawi kan siamchhuah zawng zawngte hi sawi vek sen a ni lo ang a, keimahni ngei pawhin damna atan kan hmangin khawvelah dampuitu mi chhiar sen loh an awm tawh a, vawiin thleng hian sawihnawm theih ala ni reng reng lote hi environment hlutna langsar tak pakhat a ni. Boruak vawngdaitu leh vawnglumtu an nihna pawh hi thui taka sawi tur a awm bawk ang a, mihring tana environment tangkaina hi sawi zawh sen rual a ni kher lo ang. Global Warming kan tih, khawvela boruak lumna lo sang chho zel pawh hi greenhouse effect vanga lo thleng a ni a. Greenhouse avanga khawvel lum chhoh zelna chhan chu kan chenna khawvel hian Ni atangin solar radiation (Ni zung) kan dawng a, chu Ni zung chuan kan chenna khawvel alo thlen hnuin thenkhat inkhawh let leh tur chu Greenhouse gas (Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, Methane leh Nitrous Oxide) te chuan an lo dang ta a, tichuan khawvel hi lum nuam tawk (10°C) velah a chantir ta a. Chuti ni lo sela chuan -25°C vel emaw a ni ang a, a vawt lutuk dawnin mihring chen theihna rual a ni lo ang.
Nimahsela Greenhouse gases kan tihte hi nasa taka alo pung tain mamawh aia tam alo awm takah chuan mihring tana hnawksak mai niloin khawvel hi chenna tlak loha siam theitu hial a rawn ni ta zawk a. Thing leh Mau kan tih chereu nasat lutuk avang pawh hian boruak tha lo hi a hma aia nasain a lo pun phah a, khawl lam thil kan hman uar vang leh lungalhthei lam kan hman uar tak avangte hian kan boruak hi alo bawlhhlawlh telh telh bawk. Chuvang chuan kum tinin boruak lum leh vawt danglamna a thlen zel a, ruah sur dan pawh a danglamin Thlipui (Cyclone) tleh dan pawh a danglam zel a, chutiang bawkin Tuifinriat level pawh a pangngai reng thei bik hek lo.
Khawvel lumna hi kum 1700 chho tawp lama Industrial revolution lo awm tan lai aiin 1.5°C velin a sang tawh zawk a. Chu chu keini tan chuan thil tam tak angin a lang lo mai thei a, khawvel hmun tam takah chuan boruak lum leh vawt inthlak danglamna nasa tak a thleng a, hei hian kan leilunga thilnung tinreng hriselna zawng zawng a nghawng a ni. Kum 1950-ah khan khawvela Carbon dioxide (CO2) tam lam chu Ton tluklehdingawn 6 vel a ni a, kum 1990-ah phei chuan a let liin a pung a. Chu mai pawh ni lovin, tunlai CO2 emission control loh chu Ton tluklehdingawn 35 zet a tling tawh an ti a ni. Global warming thlentu langsar ber chu Industry, Khawpui lian, Ramngaw tihchhiat leh mihringin nun khawchhuahna atana kan thiltih tam takte hi a ni a. Heng mihringte thiltih hian Greenhouse gases (CO2, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, leh a dangte) chu nasa takin a tipung a ni.
India ram chhung bikah chuan sik leh sa inthlakthleng leh boruak lum zel veng tur hian theihtawpa hmalak a niin sorkar laipui atang ngei pawhin National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) siam a ni a, chu NAPCC chu June 30, 2008-ah khan Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister chuan a tlangzarh nghe nghe a.
He NAPCC hnuaiah chuan hmalakna tur hlawm lian tak tak hetiang hian duan a ni a;
1)National Solar Mission
2)National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency
3)National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
4)National Water Mission
5)National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-System
6)National Mission for a Green India
7)National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
8)National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Hetiang hian India sorkar pawhin nasa takin hmalakna a nei a. Kum 2030 Climate Target Plan atan pawh Greenhouse gas pung zel hi kum 1990 dinhmun aia zaa sawm nga leh panga (55%) aia a hniam theihna tura hmalak a ni.
Thing leh mau chauh niloin nungchate ngei pawh humhalh a tul hle mai a, tunhma lamah kha chuan ramsa/ ransate hi kan that nasain silai leh hmanraw dang hmangin kan tihlum nasa em em thin a. A sa ei duh vang chu ni bawk mahsela pi leh pute khan damdawi atan an lo hmang bawk thin. Hetiang hian ramsa leh ransate hi damdawia an lo hmang thin a;
(a)Saphai mit: Tuihri leh pumna leh kawthalo atan
(b)Zawng thluak: Nau sawngnawiin an ngeih em em a, hauhuk thluak pawh an hmang bawk. Hmin takin an chhum a, an ei tir thin
(c)Sakuh ruh; Ruhseh damdawi atan a ruh chu banah an buntir thin
(d)Hauhuk kut: Rai lai pumah hauhuk kutin an chul a, nau an awlin naupai dik hlel chenin an thatpui thei
(e)Ar thau: Chhuan luma awmna chuhah an hmang thin
(f)Laiking: Vawk thang thei lo hi Zo-laiking a nung chungin eitir ila a that phah thei
(g)Savawm ruh: Phungzawl damdawiiah an hmang a, a ruh hi an buntir thin
(h)Saza lei: Saza lei rep ro hi tui tlem nen lungtatah an nawt a, chumi tui chu luna chalah bel ila, a ngeih hlein an hria
(i)Sechal vun: Nau nei hlumna hi sechal vun rep ro rawh puah kheltir ila hlumna a dam duh hlein an sawi
(j)Samak vun; Puna leh luna damdawiah an hmang a, an ngeih hlein an hria
(k)Arhmul rawh vap: Ha thi reh thei loah arhmul rawh vap bel ila a reh mai thin
(l)Satel kawmkawraw: Setel kawmkawraw chungah kawng herh hi thuttir ila a dam hlauh thei an ti bawk, adt.
Heng atang ringawt pawh hian nungcha kan tihchereu chak dan tur chu kan hrethiam mai awm e. A humhalh lamah hian inzirtir nawn fo kan mamawh a, tihchereu chu dan bawhchhiatna a ni tih pawh kan inhrilh nawn fo a tha. The Mizoram Wildlife Protection Rules, 1990-ah chuan dan bawhchhiate chu kum hnih lungin tan emaw cheng 2,000/- thleng chawi tira hrem theih a ni a. India sorkar laipuiin Environment & Forest Conservation Acts (1980) a siamah pawh ram siamthat zawkna tur a nih dawn loh chuan ramngaw awmsa thiah a khap bawk. Heng bakah hian dan tha tak tak kan nei bawkin thing leh mau mai bakah nungchate humhalh dan hi chi hrang hrang kan nei.
A tawp berah chuan dan tha tak kan neih vang pawh nichuang loin mihringte hian kan vela thing leh maute leh nungchate hi kan tana tangkai leh nitin kan khawsaknaa kan mamawhte an ni tih hi hria a, hmangaih taka enkawla humhalh hi chunglamin kan mawhphurhnaa a dah a ni tih hi kan hriatreng a tha a, chumi bawhchhe lo zawng chuan nun hmang ila, kan lo nawmsak zelna tur a ni tih hi i theihnghilh lo ang u.