- Laiu Fachhai
- THUHMA
Mizorama Indo-Bangladesh ramri hung thuah kha chuan, ramriin a dan chah turte kha hnam hrang daih an nih vang nge ni dawn ni, chutiang teh chiama dodalna lian a awm lo niin a lang. Indo-Myanmar ramri hung thuah erawh hi chuan, kan chipui kan unaute nena kan inkar ramri hung a nih dawn vang emaw ni dawn ni, thu leh hla a tam hle thung. He article-ah hian Mizoram (India) leh Chin State (Myanmar) inkar ramri hung tur sawrkar laipui ruahmana hi zir chian kan tum ang a, Indo-Bangladesh leh Indo-Pak ramrite hungna atanga zir tur leh hriat chhuah turte a awm em, tih kan thlir ho dawn a ni.
- RAMRI HUNG THIL TUM
Ramri hung hi thil thar a ni lo. Hmanlai atang tawha an lo chin diam tawh thil a ni: Jeriko kulh, Jerusalem kulh, Great Wall of China, Agra kulh, Delhi kulh, etc. Tunlaia khawvel hmun hrang hranga border fencing chungchangah hian lehkhabu leh article te a chhuak nual tawh a, he article ziaktuin chhiar manhla ka tih lehkhabu pakhat chu, World of Walls: The Structure, Roles and Effectiveness of Separation Barriers, edited by Said Saddiki (Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2017) a ni. He lehkhabu hian khawvel hmun panga (Israel, India, Morocco rama Spanish enclave of Ceuta & Melita, USA-Mexico border leh Africa khaw thlang lama Western Sahara) hmuntea border fencing a zir a, India border fencing chungchang chu Bung hnihnaah chipchiar deuha ziah a ni.
Hmanlaia kulh leh tunlaia ramri hung hi a tum a inang chiah lo deuh a. Hmanlaia kulh kha chu ral laka himna tura an lal thutna khawpui leh khawpui pawmawh dangte kulha hung a ni a, a ram pumpui erawh chu an hung hran lo. Tunlaia khawvel ram thenkhat erawh chuan an ram pumpui deuh thawa hung vek an tum a ni. Khawvelin a buaipui em em ruihtheihthila international sumdawnna (international narcotic smuggling) te, ramri leh a chheh vela helna leh ralthuama sumdawnna (cross-border terrorism & arms smuggling) te, dan loa ramri pel leh pemna (illegal border crossing & migration) te atanga an ram humhim a nih theihna turin ram thenkhat chuan an ramri chin chu hung vek an duh a. Nimahsela heng border fencingte hian, India border fencingte huamin, eng emaw chen chu international narcotic smuggling, cross-border terrorism & arms smuggling leh illegal border crossing & migration te dang chat mah se, beisei erawh chu an pha lo hlawm a ni tiin, World Walls lehkhabu chuan a tlângpui khaikhâwmna a siam a ni. Chuti chung pawh chuan border fencing hian heng thil tha lote lo lut tur zaa za a tihrem theih loh pawhin a titlem zawk ngei ang, something is better than nothing, tih hi border fencing tha titute dinna a ni awm e.
- INDIA RAMRI HUNG TAWHTE DINHMUN
India hian km 15,106-a sei international land border a nei a, km 7,516-a sei international coastline (tuifinriat) border a nei bawk. Chuvangin, India state 29 zinga state panga (Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Telangana) chauhvin international border an nei lo. State 24 rualte chu international border nei kan ni vek. Coastline border-ahte chuan fencing siam chi a ni lo a, land border-a te chauh fencing chu siam a ni. Chu pawh chu international border thenkhatah chauh siam a ni. China, Nepal leh Bhutan borderte chuan fencing siam a ni lo. Pakistan leh Bangladesh borderah te chauh fencing siam a ni a, tunah hian Myanmar borderah siam tum a ni ve mek.
India hian a ramri a hung theih chin chu tawite chauh a la ni rih. Indo-Pak border hi km 3,323 sei a ni a, chung zingah chuan km 2,041 chauh hung a ni. Indo-Bangladesh border pawh km 4,096 laia sei a ni a, chung zingah chuan km 3,141 chauh hung rih anga sawi a ni. Hung lohna hmun tamtak a awm avangin Pakistan leh Bangladesh border fencingte hian international narcotic smuggling, cross-border terrorism & arms smuggling leh illegal border crossing & migration te a tihrem tak tak theih loh chu sawi ngai loah dah ila, titlem takngial pawh beisei a pha lo a ni. Illegal border crossing & migration phei chu ramri lehlem lehlama awmte hnam khat leh tawng khat hmang an nih avangin check leh strict taka kalpui a harsat thu te hriat a nih bawk.
Mizoram bikah chuan India leh Bangladesh ramri hi km 318-a sei a ni a, ramri hung hna hi kum 2005-ah tan a ni a, kum 20 a liam hnuah pawh hian hung zawh a la ni lo. Pakistan leh Bangladesh ramrite hung vek a nih theih lohna chhante chu, khawvel hmun dangte ang bawkin, ramri hungna tur hmunahte hian ram leilung awm danin a zir lo va, kham, chirhdûp, leiminna hmun leh min theihna hmun, lui, kawr thûk, etc te a tam a, chuvangin hung vek theih a ni lo. Pakistan leh Bangladesh ramri hungnaah hian a vai deuh thawin India ram lamah a hungna siam a ni a, hungna hi international border atanga yard 150 (meter 137.16) ah siam tur a ni. Ramri hungin a nghawng tur chhungkua leh khuate chuan an ram an pe phal lo a, chuvangin hmun thenkhatah chuan hung theih a ni lo. Ramri hungna tur leh a chheh vela mihring chengte an tam avangin hmun thenkhatah pawh hung a rem lo. A awmzia chu India hian a land border-a pawimawh zualna hmunte chu hung vek tum mah se, a chunga tarlan chhan hrang hrangte avang khian hung vek thei dinhmunah a ding lo. Hung vek theih a nih loh chuan ramri hung hian a tum angin a hlawhtlin loh ang tih chu hriat sa a ni.
- MYANMAR BORDER FENCING
Indo-Myanmar border hi km 1,643-a sei a ni a, India hmarchhak state palite chu Myanmar ramria awmte kan ni: Arunachal Pradesh (520 km), Nagaland (215 km), Manipur (398 km), Mizoram (510 km). Sawrkar laipui chuan heng Myanmar borderte hi hung vek a tum a. Arunachalah chuan hybrid surveillance fencing atan pilot project-in km 1 an hung hmasa a, km 83 hung tur hna pawh a kal mek awm e. Manipurah pawh Moreh area-ah km 9.2 hung a nih tawh a, hmun dangah te hna a kal mek a ni. Nagaland-ah erawh chuan Nagaland sawrkar leh mipuite chuan Myanmar ramri hung duh lohnaah an inlungrual hle a, chuvangin kalpui theih a ni lo. Myanmar lama awmte pawh Naga hnam an nih vek avangin border fencing avanga unau inlaichinna, inpumkhatna leh intlawhpawh tawnna te a nghawng theih dawn avangin ramri hung chu an duh lo a ni. An tanhmun a dik leh dik loh lam chu thu hran ni sela, Naga ho hi chu Naga issue a nih chuan lungrual tak leh huai takin an kal a, an lo pasaltha deuh thin chu a nih hi maw.
Mizoram leh Myanmar Chin State ramri pawh hung a nih rih lo, sawrkar hmasa (MNF sawrkar) leh kan sawrkar hrawn mek (ZPM sawrkar) te hian an duh loh avangin. Tunlaia Myanmar buaina avang hian Mizoram leh Chin State ramri-ah international narcotic smuggling, cross-border terrorism & arms smuggling leh illegal border crossing & migration te a hluar nasatzia chu tlang hriat a ni. Heng thil tha lote hian Mizoram a nghawng dan enin Myanmar ramri hung chu tha ti vek tura ngaih a nih laiin tha ti lotute an tam ve tlat a ni. Tha ti lotute zingah chuan kan sawrkar hrawn mek leh political party thenkhat te, NGO thenkhat te, Zo Reunification Organisation (ZORO) leh mipui tamtak an tel.
Mizoram leh Chin State ramri hung tha ti lotute tan chhan lian bera lang chu, hnam nihna (ethnicity) lam thil a ni. Naga ho tan chhan khi an tan chhan a ni ve. Ramri hung hian hnam inunauna leh inlaichinna, inpumkhatna leh intlawhpawlh tawnna te a nghawng thei dawna an hriat vang a ni. Hnam nihna (ethnicity) a khawih chuan mihringte thinlung hi a na (emotional) hma duh thin. Mahni duhthlanna vang ni lovin, British sawrkar leh a hnua India, Bangladesh leh Myanmar sawrkar ten hnam khat leh tawng khat hmang unaute min thendarh vek mah, mihring pianpui chanvo tihchhiatna (human right violation) a ni a, a lungchhiatthlak hle nak alaia ramri thlenga hung leh zel tur chu mi tam tak chuan na an tih hle a ni.
Chu loah pawh, hmun tam takah chuan Tiau/Tio, Chhimtuipui, Tisi, etc lui liante hi ramri lui te (natural boundary) an ni a, lui (riverine) ah chuan ramri hung a nih dawn loh avangin Mizoram-Myanmar ramriah hian hung lohna hmun sei tak a la awm tho dawn a. Luiah te chauh ni lovin, Mizoram leh Chin State ramritea leilung awm dan enin, kham, leiminna hmun leh min theihna hmun leh kawr thûk te a awm nual a, chutiang hmunah te chuan ramri hung theih a ni dawn lo. International border atanga meter 137.16-a ramri hung tur a nih chuan, ramri leh a chheh vela ram neitute chuan an ram an chan nasa dawn a ni. Chuvangin an ram chhunga ramri hung an duh dawn lo. Compensation a awm chuan, compensation lawm em em hnam kan nihna atanga thlir chuan, thenkhat chuan an lo duh phian thei tho bawk. Ramri leh a chheh vela ram neih tharte pawh an lo chhuak nual leh mai thei.
A enga pawh chu lo ni se, ramri lui, kham, leiminna hmun leh min theihna hmun leh kawr thûkahte chuan ramri hung a rem dawn loh avangin Mizoram-Chin State ramri hung theih chin tur hi a sei lo hle ang. Chutiang a nih chuan, ramri hung ina a thil tum chu beisei angin a hlawhtlin thei lo ang. Zu khap burna dan kan hlawhtlinpui loh ang hian a nih theihna tur a awm tlat a ni. Chu chauh a ni lo, misualte chuan ramhnuaia fencingte chu an tichhe thei a, leihlawn siamin an lawn thei tho bawk. Chuvangin Mizoram leh Chin State border fencing hian misualte a dan chah theih aiin mi thate tan zawk harsatna tam tak a siam thei a ni.
- TLIPNA
Mizoram leh Chin State ramrite hi hung tur a nih chuan, Mizoram leh Bangladesh ramri hung ang bawkin zawh nghal mai theih a nih a rinawm loh. Rei a rial ngei ang. A chunga kan sawi tak ang khian, ramri lui (riverine), kham, leiminna hmun leh min theihna hmun leh kawr thûk awmnaah te chuan hung theih a nih dawn loh avangin hung lohna ramri sei tak a awm ang. Chuvangin ramri hung ina a tum ram a thlen theih a rinawm loh. Chuti chung pawh chuan, hmun thenkhatah tal hung a nih chuan, tangkaina tlem tal chu a awm ve ngei dawn alawm, tih a nih chuan, ni e, something is better than nothing, tia inhnemna tur chu a awm ve ngei e.
Chuvangin party politics mit atanga thlir lovin, kan mithiamte, sawrkar leh mipuite chuan hmun thenkhatah chauh ramri hung chuan tangkaina a nei ang em, ramri hung hian beisei anga tangkaina a awm chuan si loh chuan, sum tam tak senga tangkai em em lo tur thil tih ai chuan, international narcotic smuggling, cross-border terrorism & arms smuggling leh illegal border crossing & migration te chu check dan tur system thar leh tha te ngaihtuahin uluk leh taima taka check-a, dan anga chawitir leh hrem zel a tha zawk ang em, tihte zirho a, thutlukna dik leh tha (informed decision) siam chu kan tihmakmawh a ni. Chuti lo chuan thutlukna kan siam sual palh dah ang e.