- Davis Hriatpuia
Kum 1960 chho khan Latin America ram mipuite’n hun khirh tak an hmachhawn a. Retheihna khur thûk takah an tang. Ram hausakna chu mi tha tlem tê (Small elite group) hnenah a lut a, an ram leilung rah chhuah (resources) te chu ram roreltu leh mi thate’n an thunun tlat. Loneitu te, ram leilung fa ni ve tho te leh khawpui lama hnathawka chhawr te erawh chu ram kalsiamah te, zirnaah leh politikah an aw bengkhawnsak an ni lo. Heng dinhmun hian ram chu nei tam bik a awmtir a, leilungin a hrin chhuah ni ve thote khan, kha leilungah khan chan a lawi an nei lo. Sawrkar nunrawng US sawrkar leh Global North ramte’n an rama industry liante chu an thunun tlat a. An ram chu class pahnih – mi rethei leh hausaah a inthen phawk, an inkar chu fîng tam takin a daidang a ni. Multinational corporation-te chuan Latin America leilung rah chhuah atangin hlawkna an hmu a, tualchhung political system-te chuan mi tha (elite) tlem tê te hlawkna tur a siam a, a humhim tlat bawk.
Kristian tamna ram, Latin America-ah khati khawpa ram mipui tawrhna leh retheihna avang khan kohhran rawngbawltute pawh thu thluang mai mai thei niin an inngai ta lo. An chheh vela mi rethei leh harsatna tawkte chu an hmu ve reng thin si a, “E, Vanramah i lal lukhum a la mawi dawn,” va tih rikngawt kha a tawk theiin an hre lo. Zawhna pawimawh tak an inzawt ta a: Mi tam zawkte retheihna khur thûk taka an tan reng lai hian Kristiante leh Kohhran hian eng nge kan tih ang? Kohhran rawngbawltu tam tak chu him leh nuam takin an khawsa a, mi retheite erawh chuan ni tin an tuar thung. Hei hian kohhran hruaitu thenkhat chu a tilungawi lo hle a. ‘Retheihna’ tih awmzia hi eng nge, eng vanga lo awm nge? Kohhran hian heng mite hi a tawngtaisak mai dawn em ni? Nge ni a, a takin chet a la ang?
- Medellín Inkhawmpui leh Liberation Theology
Tichuan, kum 1968 Thitin thla khan Latin America Bishop General Conference vawi hnihna chu Colombia ram Medellín-ah neih a ni a. Chutah chuan an kohhran mipuite rûmna thu chu an chai ho ta a ni. Chu an inkhawmpuiah chuan kan kohhran mipuite rûm ri chuan an sakhaw hruaitute hi min rawn au a, an saltanna atanga chhan chhuak turin min ngenna au thawm chu Latin America kohhran hian a hai der thei ngang tawh lo a ni e, tiin Europe rama theology an zirte khan an ram mamawh a phuhruk zoa hre tawh loin Latin America ram tarmit atangin Pathian thu zir that an rawt. Exodus bu te, Zawlnei bu te leh Isua chanchinte an chhiar nawn leh a. Chuta an hmuh thar chu Pathian hi mi rethei te leh rah beha awm te lam tang Pathian a ni, tih hi a ni. Hei hi a ni, theology lar tak Liberation theology hring chhuaktu chu. He theology hi academic theory leh zirna in atanga lo zi chhuak a ni lo a, kohhran rawngbawltute thil tawn, kohhran mipuite retheihna atanga lo chhuak (concrete pastoral experience) a nihna hi theology dangte nena a danglamna a nih a rinawm. Kohhran hruaitu tam tak chuan loneitute leh khawpuia mi retheite nen hna an thawh hona atangin retheihna chu khuarel thil avanga lo thleng mai ni loin, khawtlang nunphungah zung a kai thûk hle tih an hmu. He ngaih dan hian traditional theology anga retheihna chu thil awm ve reng tura ngaihna emaw Pathian ropuina lo lanna tur ang zawng ringawt emaw anga sawi fiah fo thin hi he theology hian a dodal na ta hle.
Heng thute hi kum 1968-a Medellín Inkhawmpui hma khan sawi rik a ni fo tawh a, he inkhawmpui hian Liberation Theology a siam lo a, mahse Kohhran chhunga heti ang ngaihtuahna awm tawhte chu a pawm a ni. Tichuan, kohhran rawngbawltu kal khawmte chuan Latin America rama retheihna hi khuarel avanga lo thleng emaw mimal thatchhiatna avanga lo thleng emaw ni loin, khawtlang nunphung dik lo avanga lo awm a ni tih an puang a, he dinhmun hi ‘institutionalized violence’ tiin an sawi. He thupuan hian kohhranin retheihna leh dikna (justice) a hriat thiamnaah inthlak danglamna a thlen nasa hle.
- Retheia Siamtu Kalphung (System) Dodalna
He theology leh Latin American kohhran rawngbawltute chuan retheihna hi thil awm ve tur reng emaw, pumpelh theih loh thil emaw a ni tih ngaih dan hi a hnawl. Retheihna chu economic kalphung (system) dik lo avanga lo awm a ni, tih chu an pawm nghet bur a ni. Ram zau tak tak (latifundia) chu khawtlang mita mi zahawm leh challangte (elite) ta a ni a, loneitute erawh chu ram nei lo leh an phu angin thawh hlawh pawh dawng let loin an awm. Phillip Berryman-a sawi dan chuan, he leilung rah chhuah (resources) neih zat inan lohna hi Latin America-a retheihna (structural poverty) thlentu ber a ni.
Tin, tuna khawvel ram tam takin economic (kalphung) atan an zawm luai luai mimal (private) kompani leh sawrkar chauh hlawkna kalphung (capitalism) leh ram dang awp behna leh thu an rawn neihna (imperialism) hi hming hmerin sawisel dawt lo mah se, an kalphung hi chu an do ber pakhat chu a ni lawi. Ram rethei atangin ram hausaah hausakna a luang chhuak a, chu chu multinational corporation te, ram roreltu ve ve insumdawn tawnna te leh ram dangin leilung rah chhuah (resources) an thununna te hmangin a luang chhuak a ni. Heti ang dinhmun hnuaia hmasawnna chuan mi tlem tê te tan chauh hlawkna siamin, mi retheite hrehawm tawrhna a tipung. Medellín kohhran rawngbawltute chuan heng kalphung (system) hian mihring zahawmna leh dikna chanvo a palzut a, Kristian nun dan nena inkalh tlat nia ngaiin ‘Structural sin,’ tiin an sawi. Sual hi mimal thil tihsual leh thiam loh vanga lo awm ngawt a ni bik lo, khawvel politik, khawtlang (society), economic leh dan (law) kalphung dik lote’n a siam a ni. Chu sual chu a ni khatih hun laia Latin America beitu chu, vawiin khawvel min bei mektu pawh a ni bawk.
Tichuan, Latin America kohhran chu mipui retheia siamtu leh rûmtirtu chu doin, rah beha awmte hnenah an ding tlat. Rorelna dik lo a awm reng laia ngawi renga awm chu ‘rorelna dik lo ka thlawp e’ tihna tluk zetah ngaiin kohhran chuan mihring dikna humhim tur leh tharum hmanga tihduhdahte bula ding turin mawhphurhna nei niin an ngai ta hial a, a tul chuan ram (state) leh a kalphung chu dodalin, Bible-a Zawlneite hna kha an thawk leh a ni.
- Kohhran a takin a che chhuak
Theology siam mai duh tawk loin kohhran chu a takin a che a, chûng zinga langsar tak pakhat chu ringtute chu a khua ang emaw, pâwl ang emaw a, inhlawm khawmin Bible chhiar hona an nei thin a. (Base Ecclesial Communities). He an inkawm khawmna hi sakhaw puithiamte’n an kaihruai ngai lo. Mahse,bhe thil ti tura mei zang hlaptu an ni thung – manager ni loin adviser an ni ber a nih chu. Mipui zing atangin kaihruaitu an inthlang thin. Anmahni dinhmun atangin Bible an chhiarin, an hriat fiah dan an sawi khawm a. Retheihna, awp behna nun leh khawtlanga mi pawimawh nih ve lohna tarmit atangin Bible an chhiar a, Exodus te an han chhiar a, an tun dinhmun nena khaikhinin, Pathianin sawrkar lian leh chak takin mipuite a rah behna ata zalenna thu a puanna a ni, tihte chu an hmuh thiam dan a ni. Anmahni fuih kaltu ber a ni a tih theih bawk ang. Riangvaite hnena chanchin tha hrilh ringawt ni loin, riangvaite’n chanchin tha an hril ngaihthlak kha a pawimawh hle reng asin! Pathian Thu chu retheihna, ram rorelna kal dik lohna leh zirna (education) thilte nen inzawmtirin, rinna chu ni tin nun nen an thlunzawm. He ringtute inpawl khawmna hian a tum chu Brazilian mi fing Paulo Freire-a’n chhia leh tha hriatna (conscientization) a hman dan atanga infuih tharin, mite chu tihduhdaha an awm chhan te, an retheih chhan te hre thiam a, an dikna chanvo hriat chiantir a, siam thatna zawnga hma la turin an inzirtir. Tin, rinna (faith) chu dikna leh khawtlang nun inthlak danglamna hmanruaah an siam bawk. Rinna chu vanram ticket atan chauha hmang loin, he leia Pathian Ram a lo thlen theih nan a takin an hmang a ni kan tithei ang chu.
Latin American kohhran rawngbawltute khan hnathawktu pâwl te (labor union), ram siam thatna movement te, leh khawtlânga mi retheite tanpui nana ziak leh chhiar thiamna campaign-te chu an thlawp avangin sawrkar vau, man leh thih hlum an tawk fo bawk. El Salvador-a Jesuit puithiam Rutilio Grande pawh kha thingtlanga loneitute’n ram neih theihna dikna chanvo (land rights) dil tura inbuatsaihnaah a tanpui avangin kum 1977 khan thah a ni a. Chuti angin, Puithiam Octavio Ortiz Luna leh Rafael Palacios te pawh khawtlang mipuite tana hma an lak avangin thah an ni bawk. Kum 1975-a Honduras rama sawrkarin inpawng thahna a thlen – Los Horcones Massacre-ah khan puithiam pahnih chu agrarian reform cooperative din tura an puih avangin an that bawk. Sawrkar meuh pawh do ngam an nihna hian Bible-a zawlneite hna kha huaisen takin an thawk leh a ni tih a lantir thei ang.
- Bawih tha leh Rinawm Archbishop Óscar Romero
El Salvador-a Archbishop Óscar Romero kha a taka che chhuak zinga mi ropui a ni. A tirah chuan Romero hi a fimkhurin, Pathian thu ngaih no bei hnip hnep ringawt a sawi ve thin a ni mai thei, ram rorelna kalphung dik lo chu a su ngai lem lo. Mahse, mi rethei laka sipai tharum thawhna a hmuh hnuah leh a thian hnai tak, Fr. Rutilio Grande, chu kum 1977-a loneitute nena an thawh dun avanga thah a nih avangin rah beha awmte tan aw a chhuah ve tan ta a ni. Chuta tang chuan Romero-a chuan kar tin a thuchah, radio-a tihchhuah thinah te chuan dik lohna (injustice) te, sawrkar kal dik lohna te leh dikna duha au chhuakte thah an nih chungchang te chu huai takin a sawi chhuak thin. Hnathawktute, loneitute leh mi retheite a humhim a, sawrkar leh sipaite chu anmahni mite an tihduhdah avang leh anmahna rah behna tur kalpung (system) an siam avangin a sawisel a ni.
Thah a nih hma ni lawk, Vau thla ni 23, kum 1980-a a thuchah record-ah khan Salvador sipai member-te chu tlang takin thu a hrilh a, Pathian dân bawhchhiatna te, ram mipuite dikna chanvo zawnga au chhuaktute tihduhdahna thupek dik lo chu zawm lo tûrin a ti – “Pathian hmingin, hrehawmna tuar mek mipui, Chung lam meuh thleng phak khawpa hrehawmna thûk tak atanga chhantu ngaia rumte hmingin, ka ngen che u a, thu ka pe bawk a che u – rah behna hi titawp rawh u!” tiin. ‘Chung lam meuh thleng phak’ tia a sawi hian Pathianin mihring leh mihring sal ang maia inchhawr a, inrah behna rum ri van atanga a lo hriat thu Exodus-a kan hmuh kha a rawn phawk chhuak chiang hle a ni. (Ex. 2: 23 – 24). Heti anga inrah behna hi political crime mai ni loin, Van Lal Reng chhun phak, Pathian pawisawina a nihzia a tar lang chiang a ni. A tuk, ni 24 March kum 1980-ah Romero chu Mass a hman laiin rah behte lam tang Pathian hnenah chawl turin thah a ni ta a ni. Theology ril takah ringawt duh tawk loin, a takin Bible-a Zawlneite hna a thawk ngam a, chu hna chu huaisen takin fam a chanpui ta!
- Kan Ram Kohhran leh Latin American Kohhran
A chunga ka thuziak in chhiar lai zawng khan in lo inhmu chhuak rum rum em chu ka hre lo a, inhmuh chhuahna tham chu ka sawi hman chuan ka hria. Kum zabi 8th-naa Bible-a Zawlnei – Isaia, Amosa, Mika leh Hosea te khan rorelna dik (Justice) tel loin Pathian chibai bûkna dik leh thlarauna dik a awm theih lohzia an sawi chiang hlawm hle. Chûng chu la chhuakin Latin America kohhran chuan an ram mamawh theology an duang chhuak a, rawngbawltute’n an nunpuizia leh an theology kha a taka thleng tura an beih dante kan tar lan tawh kha. He Latin American kohhran hi darthlalangah hmangin vawiina Zo fa Kohhran leh a rawngbawltute hian kan ram mamawh Pathian thu chu kan aupui ve ngam a ngai a, kan ram dinhmun leh kohhran beramte dinhmun kan hre vek. Latin American kohhrante ang khan charity hi retheihna tihtawp dan turah an ngai lo, retheihna awm chhan a kalphung (system) kha an ngai pawimawh a nih kha. Charity-ah chauh hian keini pawh kan intâp lungawi tur a ni lo. An retheihna siamtu, rah behna siamtu, kalphung (system) hi kan do ve tur a ni. Engtin nge kan kohhran hian a do ang, tih zawhna awm pawh chhân dan kawng hrang hrang a awm thei ang. Chutih rualin tuna Latin American kohhran hma lakna kan sawi hi thui tak chu kan en tawn thei awm e.
Kan ramah pawh eng vangin nge rah behna a awm a, retheihna a awm tih hi tuna Latin American kohhrante’n retheihna awm chhan leh an ram economic kalphung (system) an sawiselna kan tar lan kha a takin kan ramah pawh a thleng reng. Khawvel hmun tam zawkah a thleng reng bawk. Chuvangin, Biak in nalh leh liana sum kan sen vak vak a tul lo a, property neih that leh inrelbawlna thil (administration) atana sum sen tam pawh kan ngaihtuah tur a ni lo. Mi ngo theology kalpuiin, hmuh theih loh thlarau thilah kan intâp lungawi tur a ni lo bawk. Kohhran beramte au thawm hian kohhran leh a rawngbawltute hi a au ‘eih’ zo ve lo a nih chuan Pathian chibai bûkna dik kan hlan thei chuang lo ang – rorelna dik (Justice) tel loin Pathian chibai bûkna dik leh thlarauna dik a awm thei si lo a! Kan kohhran hian Pathian chibai bûkna dik kan la hlan meuh maw, tih zawhna hi – Aw, Kohhran inzawt ngam ta che le!