- Davis Hriatpuia
Florentine mi ril Machiavelli khan hmanlai Rom sakhua (Pagan) leh Kristian sakhua hian politik leh khawtlang anga chên honaah eng nge an thlen tih a khaikhin a. Rom sakhua kha ram tan a tha zawk a, a chhan chu thlarau ropuina te, taksa lama chakna te, leh khawvel ropuina hlawh chhuahna te a ngaih pawimawh vang a ni. Kristian sakhua erawh chuan tlawmna, mahni inphatna, leh khawvel thil ngaihsan lohna a uar avangin khawvel hi a tichak lo niin a sawi. Tharum hmanga tihduhdahna te, ram rorelna dik lo (political injustice) leh kalphung kal dik lo (systematic injustice) te chu chhel taka tuar hram hram turin mite a zirtir avangin, ram hruaitu tha lote’n khawtlang an tihchhiat phah niin a ngai.
Hetah hian Rev. Lalhmingchhuanga Jongte pawh khan a lehkhabu, ‘Savun Kawrfual’-ah khan kan ram leh khawtlang inrelbawlnaah Zo sakhua khan nghawng a tha zawngin a nei thûk a, pipute sakhua kha chuan an eizawnna, rorelna leh an khawtlang nun pum a nghawng vek. Chuvangin tha thei ang bera an tih kha an sakhaw thu a nih avangin an zawm tha lo thei lo a ni.
Engatinge Kristian sakhua chuan nghawng a neih len zawk loh a, hnam rinawm leh tha ni thin kha Kristian sakhua kan vawn hnuah corruption vangin kan buai kan buai tak chhan ni anga a ziah chu Kristian sakhaw zirtirna Zo fate’n kan lak chhuah lai hi tunlaia evangelist leh ministry thenkhatte’n an uar em em emotional spirituality kan tih ang chi te, personal morality chauha tawp te, mimal thlarau nun chhandamna (individual salvation) huap chauh a nihna te leh vanram chauh ngaihtuah nasat luatah he khawvel thlarausan daih kan buaipui nasa lutuk kha a ni ber. Chuvangin, Kristian zirtirna kan kalpui dan hi zau zawk, mihring taksa khuh vek kawrfual – Savun Kawrfual chhandamna – mihring nun pumpui nghawng (political, economic & society) a nihna hi kan sawi tam ve loh chuan kan ram leh khawtlang inrelbawlhna a chhe zel ang, ti zawnga a ziahte kha he lai Machievallli thukhawchang nen hian a inrem ve thei awm e.
- “Vanah i lal lukhum a la mawi dawn” An Ti
He khawvelah hian tawrhna te, intluk lohna te leh inrah behna hi a thleng fo, a thleng mek bawk. Kan khawtlang leh sakhua theuhah pawh heng hi hmuh tur a tam. Heng harsatnate hi a chang chuan khuarel thil emaw, Pathian rem ruat emaw anga pawm mai tura zirtirna a awm fo. He ngaih dan hian hnehchhiahna a hmu thianghlim. Thenkhat chuan heti ang intluk lohna leh harsatna an tawhte hi sawi mawiin, “Kan nun rual rem lo tak hi lei rem kan rahna tura Pathian khawngaihna” han tihte, khawvel pianpui ve a ni a, a awm reng dawn, han tihte leh “Vanah i lal lukhum a la mawi dawn” tihte hi kan ching a, tawrhna kan sawi mawi (justify) thin. Hei hian rorelna dik châka tuihalna leh mi tinin an chanvo dik tak an chan tur an ngiatna a tibuai zo a, khawtlang mita mi chal lang leh mi zahawmte’n hei hi remchangah an hmang thin. Heti ang tawrhna leh rah behna sawi mawina hi a dik lohzia tar lan kan tum dawn a ni.
- Imago Dei Leh Intlukna Dik Tak
Pathian Thu chuan hringfate hi Pathian anpui (Imago Dei) vek kan ni tih a tar lang a (Genesis 1:27). Mi tinin hlutna thuhmun kan nei tihna a ni. Rom 2:11-ah, Pathianin duhsak bik a neih loh thute kan hmu bawk. Chuvangin, mi tlem tê hausaknaa vûr leh mi tam tak retheia an awm hi Pathian rem ruat a ni thei lo. Pathian chu dikna Pathian a ni a, hnehchhiahna hi A duh loh zawng tak a ni (Luka 1:52-53).
Mi tu pawh mi dang hnehchhiahtu chu A siamtu Pathian hmuhsitna a ni a (Thufingte 14:31). Chuvangin, intluk lohna leh hnehchhiahna hi khuarel thil anga kan pawm a nih chuan, Pathianin mihring a siam dan kalphung kan hnawl tihna a ni ang.
- Khuarel Thil (Nature) nge Inrelbawlna Kalphunga Sual (Structural Sin)?
Hnehchhiahna leh inthliarna hi khuarel (nature) anga sawi hi thil hlauhawm tak a ni. Social Darwinism-in “a chak apiang an ding chang ang” (survival of the fittest) a tih hi ramsa anga khawsakna, mihring khawtlang inrelbawlna atan thil tha lo tak, Pathian min siam dan leh inhmangaih tawn a, indawm kâng tawn tur kan nihna nen a inhmelma tlat.
Liberation theologian Gustavo Gutiérrez khan khawtlang leh ram inrelbawlna sual (Structural Sin) a tar lan hi tawi têin sawi fiah tum teh ang. Khawtlang leh ram inrelbawlna sual (Structural Sin) tih chu mimal thiltih sual (dawt sawi, ruk ruk) chauh ni loin, khawtlang inrelbawlna leh dan siam saa (laws & systems) sual lo awm hi a ni. Entir nan, mi rethei takin a thawh chhuah zawng zawng a hotuin a eisak tlatna dan (system) a awm chuan, chu inrelbawlna chu sual a ni. Retheihna leh hnehchhiahna hi khuanu ruat a ni lo. Mi tlem tê hausakna tur leh thatna tura mi tam tak rah behna economic system leh political system hian sualna a rawn hring chhuak zawk. Chu chu a ni kan sawi chu. Zawlnei Isaia chuan, “Dan chimawm tak siam a, thupêk khirh tak ngaihtuah chhuaktute u, in chung a pik e! Hetiang hian mi khawngaihthlâkte dik takin in relsak duh lo va, retheite that vena tûr in dang tlat a, hmeithaite in ei a, fahrahte in rawk a,” tiin heti ang inrelbawlna dik lo siamtute hi a mupui leh a musepin a au khum. (Isaia 10:1-2)
Hringfate’n kan siam chawp kalphung dik loin a hrin chhuah inrah behna, intluk lohna leh tawrhna chu en liamin, Pathian rem ruat leh a ropuina tura thleng anga kan ngaih tlat chuan a dik lo hle tih kan hre thiam thei tawh awm e. Pathian huat zawng tak a ni a, he thil hi kan veiin, siam that kan tum tur a ni.
- “Sakhuana hi mipuite dawi hlo (Opium) a ni”
Philosopher ropui Karl Marx-a khan sakhua hi khawtlang lungphum (Economic Base) atanga lo chhuak Superstructure pakhat angin a hmu a. “Sakhua hi mipuite dawi hlo (opium) a ni,” tih a sawi hi kan hre lar viau awm e. Hemi awmzia chu opium (dawi hlo) hian taksa natna a tibo lo a, natna hriatna chauh a tichawmawlh thin. Mipui rethei leh hnehchhiahna tuarte’n an retheih chhan a siruk laa beih let aiin, sakhaw zirtirna hmangin an hriatna tihchawmawlh a ni thin. “Dawhthei taka tuar hi a thlarau a ni” tiin mipuite hrilh an ni a, hei hian intluk lohna siamtu kalphung (system) kha a veng him tlat thin, Ambani te pafa sumdawnnaa ther hlo lo changtute’n an fak mawi tlat ang hi a ni mai awm asin. Pu Marx-a ngaih dan chuan sakhua hi mihringte hnenah hriatna dik lo (false consciousness) a pe a, hei hian an tawrhna leh hnehchhiah an nihna chhan dik tak (economic exploitation leh power structure) kha a haitirin, zawnga tuar ai ngauin a tuar ta thin. “He lei hi chu ral leh mai tur a ni, kuta sak loh khawpui kan nei alawm,” tiin an dinhmun siam that tum aiin khawvel dang beiseina chuan a zial thlu thin. Chuvangin, heti ang sakhaw zirtirna hian khawtlang mita zahawm leh chal langte thuneihna leh mipuite hnehchhiahna kha a hum him tlat thin vang leh Pathian rem ruat anga a lantir vangin thlak danglam tumna a tithuanawp fo mai.
- Pu Marx-a leh Intluk Lohna (Inequality)
Pu Marx-a ngaih dan pawimawh pakhat chu mihringte ngaihtuahna hian an khawsak dan a siam ni loin, an khawsak dan (social existence) hian an ngaihtuahna a siam zawk. Han ngaihtuah chhin teh mah: Mi hausa tak ram zau pui neitu a awm a, mi rethei ram tih tiat pawh neih loh avanga ram zau pui neitu hnena inhlawhfak ngai an awm. Mi retheite khan khawtlang siam that dan tur ngaihtuahna tha tak nei mah se, chu chu a taka chantir turin sum leh hmanrua (material power) a nei ve lo. An ni tin khawsak harsa tak khan a ngaihtuahna chu a hup bo vek thin. Naktukah eng nge kan ei ang tih lungkham thin tan chuan ngaihtuahna ril pui pui nei hman a ni lo mai thei, nei pawh ni se a tan chuan ni tin an ei khawp chaw hmu tura beih hmasak kha a pawimawh zawk rih tlat. Mi hausa erawh chuan a kut zalah ram leh sum a tlak miau avangin, a ngaihtuahna chu khawtlang tan thudik berah a chantir thei thung. Chuvangin, thuneihna hi finnaah a infawm khawm lo, thil neihah (material reality) bu a khuar zawk.
Chutah tak chuan, kan khawtlang hi sum leh pai che velin (economy) a ngawng vek tihna a ni dawn a, hei hi pu Marx-a te sawi pawh a ni chiah reng asin. Khawtlang hi in pakhat ang mai niin, a lungphum chu sum leh pai che vel (economy) hi a ni. Heta pawimawh ber chu thil siam chhuahna hmanrua — ram, faktawri, khawl, leh bungrua siam nana kan hman zawng zawng hian a neitu leh a thawktu hlawhfa inkarah inlaichinna a hril. Khawtlanga mi pahnih — khawtlang mita mi chal lang leh zahawm leh mi retheite inkar a hril vek tihna a nih chu. He lungphum, sum leh pai che vel thununtu — ram zau pui pui neitute kutah chuan sakhua, dan leh politik te chu chher chhuan an ni leh a. Chuvangin, ram zau pui pui neitu, khawtlang mita mi chal lang leh zahawmte khan sakhua kal dan te, dan (law) te leh politik kalphung kha an duang ta vek — anmahni ham thatna turin. “An khum laizâwla khawlohna suangtuahtute leh thil tha lo ngaihtuah chhuaktute chu an chung a pik e! Zîngah khua a lo vârin an tum ang ngei chuan an ti ta rêng a,” tia Israel ram rorelna leh khawtlang inrelbawlna kalphunga Pathian thinur hun lai kum zabi 8th-na laia Zawlnei Mika 2:1-a kan hmu ang kha a ni mai awm mang e.
Entirna han pe ila. Kum zabi 18-na leh 19-na chho khan Europe-ah khawl (machines) leh faktawri lian tak tak a lo chhuak a. Faktawri neitu mi tlem tê khan khawl thar leh hmanraw zawng zawng an thunun. Vantlang ram mi tute pawhin an neih kha mimal taah an siam tak avangin an ei zawnna tur tlachhamin, riltama thih loh nan faktawri-ah khan hlawh tlem tê-in an thawh a ngai ta a ni. Faktawri neitute’n thuneihna an chan takah chuan, an hausak reng theihna turin hnathawktute kha pâwl (Unions) siam phalsak loin hup beh an ni. Naupang kum 10 mi pawh darkar 14 hna thawhtir kha Dan (Property Rights) hmangin a thiang a ni, an rawn tichho. Sakhuana hmangin mipuite hnenah “Retheihna hi dawhthei taka tuar tur a ni, vânramah in la hausa dawn alawm” tiin zirtirna pek an ni a. Hei hian faktawria hnehchhiahna kha mipuite’n an do loh nan dawi hlo (Opium) angin an thawi dam thin.
Hemi hun lai hian inhlawhfak zinga mi tu emaw berin, “Hnathawktute hian hlawh tam zawk kan hmu tur a ni,” tiin ngaih dan tha tak nei mah se, a kutah leilung rah chhuah (resources) a awm ve loh avangin a thu khan awmzia a nei lo, a kâ hupsak a nih loh vek pawhin khati ang ngaihtuah a, che chhuak thei niin a inhre lo, dam khawchhuah a sual a ni si a! Khawtlanga mita zahawm leh chal langte erawh chu ram zau pui pui neitu an nih avang leh sum leh pai an ngah avangin khawtlangah, media leh sawrkarah thuneihna a nei miau a, an ngaih dan (mipuite hlawh tlem pek hi economy tan a tha) tih kha thudik anga ngaih a awlsam ta thin a nih ber chu.
- Inthuk lohna (Inequality) Awm Chhan
Eng vangin nge mi tlem zawk pu Thanga te hian hausakna an lo neih hmasak bik a, pa Zualtea te khan an neih loh bik tih zawhna chhan nan pu Marx-a thlirna kan hmang dawn a ni. Mi tam tak chuan taimak vangin an hausa hmasa an ti thin a, mahse pu Marx-a chuan tharum leh dan dik lo hmanga mipuite intawm ram laksakna atanga lo chhuak a ni a ti. Hmanlai chuan ram hi mipuite intawm vantlang ram a ni thin. Tu pawhin an duh duhin ran an thlung thei a, an ei tur an thlo chhuak thei a, thing an fawm thei bawk. Mahse, hun a lo kal a, thuneihna fawng vawn tuma mi philite’n heng vantlang ramte hi Dan (Law) hmangin mimal taah an hung hrang ta vek. Mipuite chuan an ei zawnna ber (ram) an chân a, eng mah nei lo (propertyless) an lo ni a, heng ram hung hrangtu (Enclosure) avang hian mi tam tak chu an chenna atanga hnawhchhuah an ni a, khawpuiah hna zawngin an vakvai ta a ni.
Political thinker hmingthang Rousseau-a’n mimal thil neih bikna (private property) hi intluk lohna thlentu a nihna a sawi fiahna ang deuh khan ram phel pakhat hung hrang a, “Hei hi keima ta a ni” ti hmasa bertu leh, chu chu mi dangin an lo awih ve mai bawkna kha mimal hmasialna leh dawt hmanga mipui inkara inremna hmanga siam – kan khawtlang nun inrelbawlna (Civil Society) dinhmun dik tak a ni a. Kha mi khan mi dangte kha, ‘Hemi hi dawt a ni, he leilung rah chhuah (resources) hi kan za ta a ni a, ram erawh chu tu ta mah a ni lo tih theihnghilh suh u’ tiin lo hrilh ni se chuan, vawiin hian tualthahna leh retheihna tam tak hi kan pumpelh thei mai awm asin.
Europe ramah pawh khan ram hung hranna (Enclosure movement) hi thawhlehkhata vana mipui an lo awm ta chiam ang lo takin a thleng thut lo a, zawi muangin a chûl nel chho tial tial a nih kha. England rama thil thlengte hma thehah i’n hmang teh ang. He ram hung hranna hi kum 1100 chho bawr vel atang tawh khan a lo intan tawh. Tudor hun lai (1485–1603) kha a chim chin san lai tak a ni. Khawtlang mita zahawm leh chal langte khan lo neitu mi retheite’n an kuthnathawhna atana ram an hman aiin, sahmul sumdawnna atana berâm vulhna atan ram chu a hlawk zawk tih an hria a, lal/thuneitu (Lords of the Manor) te khan mipuite intawm ram (common land), kum zabi tam tak chhung mipuite’n an lo hman tawh thin kha mimal huan atan an hung (enclose) hrang ta a. A tirah chuan tharum emaw, tualchhungah inremna sa-ui tan hmangin emaw a ni tlangpui thin.
Kum 1760-1820 chho a han ni a, British sawrkar chuan ram inhung hranna dan (Inclosure Acts) a rawn chhawp chhuak chho ta tlat mai. Pawm a ni ta hmiah hmiah a nih kha. Mimal inremna mai ni tawh loin, Sawrkar chuan Dan (Law) hmang ngeiin mipuite intawm ram kha mimal (khawtlang mita zahawm leh chal langte) hnenah a hlan a. Kum 1800 lai chho bawr vel kha chuan mipuite ram intawmna kalphung (system) kha chu a bo tawh tluk a ni. Chutia ram zawng zawng hung hran a nih takah chuan, lo neitu maktaduai tam takin anmahni tana ei tur thlo chhuahna tur ram chu nei ta loin faktawri hna zawngin an puan thuah telin khawpui lian Manchester leh Birmingham lamah an pem lût ta vek a ni.
Kum zabi 8th-na hun laia Israel ram rorelna leh khawtlang kalphunga Pathian lawm loh laia zawlnei Isaia leh Mika ziaka kan hmuh—
“Ram lailiah anmahni chauh an awm theihna tûra mi tel vena hmun reng reng awm lo khawp hiala in leh in inzawmtir zel leh, lo leh lo inzawmtir zel thintute chung chu a pik e!” (Isaia 5: 8) tih leh, “Mi lo te an awt a, an lâksak a; inte an awt a, an la mai bawk a; mi leh an chhûngte, mi leh an ro chenin an hnuai chhiah a ni.” (Mika 2:2) tih te nen hian he pu Marx-a thlirna hi a inhne rem viau mai. Heti ang kalphung hi Pathianin zawlneitu kal tlangin a lo sawisel nâ hle tawh tih pawh kan hre thei ang. Tu pawhin leilung rah chhuah (resources) lo hum hrang a, inchhek arbawm nan hmangtute hi he khawvel tihrehawmtu, thenawmte retheihna thlentu leh rah behna thlentu an ni. Khuarel thil leh Pathian rem ruat a ni lul lo e!
- Tlipna: Van Reng Thinlai Chhuntu
Pathian hi hnehchhiahna leh intluk lohna dawh hram hram tura mihringte ruattu ni loin, Pharaoa anga thuneihna hmang sualtute laka mipuite rûm ri hria a, chhanchhuak tura hma latu a ni zawk (Exodus 3:7-9). Pathian hian khawtlang inrelbawlna (System) kalsual vanga mi tlem tê hausakna atan mi tam zawk retheia ei chawp thawh chhuah ngaia an leh, an chanvo (resources) laksaka an awm hi, “Ni tin kan ei khawp (ei khawp bâk ni loin) chaw min pe ang che,” tia tawngtai dan min zirtirtu huat zawng tak a ni. Chu chu zawlnei Isaia (5:8) leh Mika (2:2) te hmangin, ram leh in zawng zawng mahni tan chauha hauh tlat tumtute chung chu a pik thu chiang takin a lo sawi tawh. Retheihna, tawrhna, leh rah behna hi Pathian fiahna emaw, A ruat emaw a ni lo, Pathian duh zawng tak chu Amosa (5:24) sawi ang khan, dikna (justice) leh intluktlanna (equality) chu tui luang kang ngai lo angin khawtlang innghahna lungphum ber ni tura a luang chhuak hi a ni a. Dikna (justice) hi lui luang kianga thingphun anga nghet leh duah taka ding reng tura beih tak têa beih pawh hi ringtute tih tur ni awm tak a ni. Isua Krista misawn pawh kha hnehchhiahte chhuahtira an awm nan a ni tih hi Pathian thurin laimu a ni asin (Luka 4:18).
Van Reng thinlai chhuntu hi eng dang a ni lo – hringfate inrelbawlna dik lo avanga tawrhna, intluk lohna leh inrah behna thleng hi a ni. Chuti lai karah inti tawngkam mawi hre takin, Pathian khawngaihna han tih te, Isua vanga kan retheihna tih te, kan tawrh hi Lalpa’n a phal, vui thei kan ni lo, han tihte hi chu sim then kan va mamawh em! An thu hla pawh bengkhawn ngai lo khawtlanga pawimawhna reng nei lote tan kâ âng tur kan nih thu Thufing 31:8-a kan hmuh ang khan engatinge kan mihringpuite tawrhna chu siam tha turin kan thawh chhuah loh ang, eng vangin nge kan tawrhnaah Pathian zawk vui a, tawrhna leh inrah behna a vaukhanna thu kan hriat reng laiin, “kan vui thei lo e” kan lo tih bik ang?
Tawrhna, intluk lohna, inrah behna hi Chung lam duan em ni? Ni teh suh e!