- Mama Khiangte
Thu leh hla mualah chuan zirchianna hrang hrang zingah reader response Criticism tih chu hman uar pawl tak a ni a. ‘Thu leh hla ziak, a chhiar tuten a ziaktu hnen aṭanga ngaihdan thar an lo neih a, chumi hmanga tuihnihna a ni ber.’ (Lamtluang 273) He zirchianna chuan thu leh hla awmsa chu a ziaktu ziah chhan piah lamah a suangtuahna leh rindan belh bawma sawi raw tuina ti ila a chiang berin a rinawm. Chu zirchianna reader response criticism hmang chuan Young Fella hla ‘Pasalṭha’ tih chu i han bihchiang dawn teh ang.
March ni 6, 2024 a upload tawh kha ni mah se mi ngaihthlak nasat a la hlawh zel a. Tun thleng (30th April, 2024) pawh hian youtube ah chuan maktaduai nga chuang lai views a nei leh dêr tawh a. He hlaah hian metaphor te, allegory te leh thil dang dang zir chian tur kat nuk mah se tun ṭumah chuan a technique lam aiin Mizo hla danga kan la hmuh zen zen loh nu leh fa inkar lo lang hi thlur bing bikah innei teh ang.
Mizote thu leh hla hi ngun taka kan chhui chuan nu leh fa inbiakna leh nu leh fa inkar leh chhungkaw dinhmun thlengin a lo lang nasain kan thu leh hlaah te hian kan lo puang chhuak nasa hle a. Mihring chu a huhoa chêng leh khawsa kan nih miau avang leh chu kan nitin nun leh thil tawnte chu hlaa kan puanchhuah ṭhin avangin Mizote pawhin ziaka vawn ṭhatna kan neih hma hauhin ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn thu leh hlaah te pawh nu leh fa inkar hi kan lo phuah chhuak fo tawh a. ‘Nau awih hla’ leh ‘Losul hmuah hla’ ah te pawh a lo awm daih tawh a ni.
Mihringte hian kan vela kan hnaih ber kan nu leh pate nena kan inkar chu puanchhuah hma pawl takah pawh kan lo nei hi a âwm viau reng a. ‘Nau awih hla’ pakhatah chuan, ‘Ka nu i dam laia, ka pa i dam laia, Kan unauvin ṭhi leh ngunkual mi lei r’u’ tihte kan lo hmu tawh a. He naupang rilru tarlanna hian thui tak leh nu leh pa leh fate inkar a tarlangin a rinawm.
Heng hla hlui tak tak te bakah chai hlaah te hmeichhe hmingchawi hlaah te a tam zualin kan hmu nasa em em bawk. Chung hla hluia hla thupui (theme) langsar tak ni ṭhin chu a bo tawp chu a tih theih loh mah se zawi zawiin lansarh loh lam a pan a, fakna hla leh lengzem leh lenglawng hla chhuak tharah pawh hmuh tur a vang ta tial tial a. Chung nu leh fa inbiakna tia sawi fak theih loh, fain nu a biakna emaw nuin fa a biakna te erawh hmuh tur tingin a rawn awm ve leh zeuh ṭhin. Chung zinga langsarah chuan F. Lalthanliana phuah, Vanlalruati sak ‘Hraichawi leng’ ah te, H.Thanga hla ‘Ka nu ka nu min hrilh rawh’ tihahte leh Lalsangzuali khawhar hla ṭhenkhatah te kan hmu nual a. Tin, khawhar hla ṭhenkhatah pawh hmuh tur a awm nual bawk.
Amaherawhchu, hla pakhata nu leh fa inbiakna tak erawh tunlai hlaah chuan a vang zual ta hle niin a hriat a. Boruak nei tham khawpa rawn lar zingah phei chuan a awm lo a tih theih tluk. Chutianga chu nu leh fa inbiakna leh inlaichinna tarlanna hla chu rei tak a rawn chhuah loh hnuah Young fella chuan a hla ‘Pasalṭha’ tih hla changkhatnaah chuan nu leh fa inbiakna chu a rawn phuah chhuak tel ta a. Chu hla changkhat têa a rawn tarlan tel chu ngun taka en chuan a hla pumpui inghahna a nihzia kan hmuin a rinawm.
Nu, he hmeichhia hi ka duh ber leh hmangaih chu a ni,
Mahse, kan tan kawng a harsa.
A chun leh zua mit ka tlung zo ve si lo,
Rethei pa chhia, kei min iai sirah min hnâwl.
He hla hi han chhiar liam mai pawh hian tlangval pakhatin a nu hnena a hmangaihna kawng chhuk chho tak a hrilhna thu tih kan hmu ang a. Ngaihtuah thui deuh phei chuan hmanlai Mizote nuna hmeithai leh pachhiate nun hlimthla a hmuh theih viai viai a. Hmeithai pakhat hnena a fapain an retheih leh chhumchhiat avanga a hmangaih em em chhungte pawhin makpaa an duh loh thu a nu a hrilhna nite pawhin a ngaihruat thehihn a rinawm. Chu mi hausa leh rethei inkar chu thawnthu leh hla lamah pawh kan hmu fo tawh a, chu hlimthla chu he hlaah pawh hian kan hmu.
Hmanlai kha chuan tun lai angin society in mi a la ei chhe lova, materialism in mihringte a la chiah hneh hek lo. Pawn lama hun hmang tam tho siin inchhungkhur nun an ngaipawimawh a, chhungkaw inpawhna a ṭha ṭhin hle a, hmeichhiate tân phei chuan an nute chu an ṭhianṭha ber pakhat, engkim an thu leh hla zawng zawng an hrilhna ṭhin an ni a. Chutiangin mipate pawhin ngaihzawng chungchang leh an rilru engkim an nu leh pate bulah an thlen nasain thup leh zep ṭit ṭet an nei tlem a, nula leh tlangval inkar pawh an chhungte lakah a langtlang ṭhin hle a. ‘Nula leh tlangvalte pawhin mahni thu thua nupui neih ngawt mai chu tluangtlamin an ring lova. Chuvangin nu leh pate zai an ngai hle ṭhin a ni.’ ( Hmanlai Mizo Nun 143)
He hla tlar hmasa berah hian tlangval pakhat chuan a hmangaihna zin kawng bumboh tak mai chu a ṭhian ṭha ber nimai awma lang a nu hnenah chuan hrilhin, chu nula chu khawvel hmeichhe awm zawng zawng zinga a duh ber leh hmangaih ber anih thu a hrilh a. ‘Mahse’ tia a zawmna zawh chiah ‘Kan tân kawng a harsa’ tiin a nu leh pa mit a tlun lohzia chu tlangval chuan a nu bulah rilru na tak leh baihvai takin a thlen niin a lang.
Mizote khawtlang nunah chauh ni lo, eng hnam leh sakhaw huapah pawh rethei leh hausa inthliarna hi chu mihringte thinlungah hian vawiin ni thlengin a la bet reng a. Chu chu mihring nunhona kawnga thil ṭha lo leh kan nun hona nghawng buai ṭhin em em tu a la ni reng. Mizote pawh hi hmanlai chuan rethei chhumchhiate indawmkanga inpai zâwn tel tel ṭhin kan ni a, chu chu Mizo nunmawi zinga langsar leh chhuanawm ber zinga mi pawh a ni. Mahse, history ngun taka kan en chuan nupui pasal inneih kawngah na na na chuan Mizote hian kan duhkhirhin, kan ngai pawimawh hle a. Mi hmingthang leh miṭhate leh mi hausate tân lo chuan nupui pasal duh zawng pawh neih a har hle niin a lang a. Kan Mizo inhmangaihna thawnthu tam berah pawh chu chu an harsatna laimu lian ber a ni bawk.
Chu rethei leh hausa inkar hlimthla chu fiah tak maiin he hla tlar tawi têah hian chhawp chhuah a ni tel bawk a. Châng hnihnaah pawh chu chu fiah takin tehkhin thu nen a tarlang nawn leh bawk a.
Mihrâng hmasa, hmangaih chân tawh
Lianchhiari tawn hnu ang kha,
Kan chan turah ka dah ngam lo,
Ka suangtuah ngam lul lo ve.
ti hialin Mizo inhmangaihna thawnthua lar tak retheih leh hausak inkar thu avanga inhmangaih em em te kâr lo chhe ta Lianchhiari leh Chawngfianga te hmangaihna zin kawng bumboh ang chu tawn ve a duh loh thu leh suangtuah pawh a suangtuah ngam loh thu a sawi a. A bridge ah pawh,
Ka hmangaih asin ti mah ilangin,
Neih sum a lâwm an tinzâwn vala min iai si,
Tin, kei chuan ka ring si a hlim ber ang ka âng chhungah.
tiin, retheihna avanga a dinhmun chhiatzia chu kan hmu a. Chutih rualin a he tlangval hian a harsatna leh manganna ber zep nei hauh lova a nu a hrilh ngamna hi a ropuiin tunlai ṭhangtharte tlakchham leh entawn tur tak a niin a rinawm. Inlaichhinna zirchianna pakhatah chuan, ‘Nu leh pa leh fate inzawmna, a bik takin nu leh fa inzawmna hi a pawimawh hle a, naupangte rilru chhungril awm dan tur leh hnathawh dan tur kawngah hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni.’ ( Bowlby 2012) Research pakhata research scholar pahnih Cate Dooley leh Nikki Fedele te’n nu leh fapa inkar an zirchiannaah pawh,
‘Nausen zirchianna aṭanga a lan danah chuan taksa leh rilru lama hmasawnna chu nu leh naute inzawmnaah a innghat a. Chutianga inzawmna a awm loh chuan naupangah chuan ‘Ṭhanlenna kawnga hlawhchhamna’ a thleng ṭhin a…..Naute rawn ṭhan lennaah chuan nu chu an pawimawh hle a, mipa naupang rilru leh inlaichinna lama an ṭhan lenna atân pawh nute hi an pawimawh hle a ni.’
(Cate & Nikki 2 )
Chutiang chuan zirmi te chuan naupan ṭhan lenna atana nute pawimawhzia an lo zir chhuak tawh a. Mihring ngaihtuahna mawlmang bera ṭanga chhut pawhin naupangte tana an nute hlutna chu hmuh hmaih theih a ni lovang. Chumi anih avang chuan an len hnu thlengin nu te bik phei chu an rilru leh thinlungin a zawm hnaih bik leh pawh bik an ni duh tlangpui a. An nute mizia leh rilru chuan nasa takin a hruai thei ṭhin. Zirmite vêk chuan kum 2006 kum khan Health Behaviour in School – aged Children (HBSC) zirchianna aṭanga Scotish data zirchiannaa tleirawl leh naupangte an zirchiannaah,
Mipa leh hmeichhe inzat chiaha zirchianna an kalpuiah chuan an nute nena inkar ṭha tak leh inbiak pawhna ṭha tak nei ṭhin te chu za zela 79% lai an tling phâk a. An pate nena inlaichinna ṭha neia inbiak pawhna ṭha tak nei ṭhinte erawhah mipa leh hmeichhe inkar a inthlau viau thung a. Mipa naupang zaa 62% te leh hmeichhia zaa 44% te chuan an pate nen inbiak pawhna ṭha tak an neih thu an sawi a ni….. Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm thei a, society leh culture kalphung mai bakah chhungkaw boruak leh harsatna (problem) lian tak awm vang’ titein an lo sawi a ni. (Kate A. Levin and Candace Currie 157)
Chutiang chuan nu leh fa inkar lo inpawh bikzia te pawh mi thiamte chuan an lo zir chhuak tawh a. Chu chu young fella ‘Pasalṭha’ hlaah pawh hian kan hmu, a hmangaihna kawng chhuk chho tak tlangval pakhatin a nu a han hrilh a,a nu lo chhân letna hi chhânna ropui tak a ni a, a nu hi nu ropui tak a ni ngei ang.
Beidawng suh Vala,
I lamah ka ṭang ang,
I tana khuanu ruat hi tuman an dang lo’ng.
tiin, chu nu ropui chuan a fapa, hmangaihna kawng chhuk chho tak zawh mek chu a hnemin a fuih a. A fapain a rintawkna avanga a engkim a hrilhna ṭhin, nu hausa leh mi ropuia chhiar pawh ni lo hi he ṭawngkam aṭang erawh chuan nu ropui ber a ni tih loh rual a ni lo. Zirchianna ṭhenkhat kan sawi tak aṭanga nu leh fa chu nu fa mai ni lo, ṭhian ṭha tak an nihzia a lang a, chu nu leh fa inṭhianṭhatna chu he ṭawngkamah hian kan hmu a.
A hmangaih ber chu nei thei lo mah se beidawng lo tur leh a lama a ṭan reng tur thu hrilhin, atana Pathian ruatsak, chu nu la chu tumahin a neih theihna kawngah an dan theih a rin loh thu hrilhin a fapa hi a fuih a. He ṭawngkam hian nasa takin a fapa hi huaisenna a neihtirin a rinawm a, a nu hi inrintawkna a neihna hnâr, nun dân a thiamna hnâr, harsatna hmachhawn dan a zirna bulpui a ni ngeiin a rinawm. A nu thusawi tawp lamah chuan,
Hmelma ral hmaah,
I tan kan lo ding ang,
A tiam tawh che chung Pathian khi ṭih tlat la.
He inbiaknaah hian philosophy thuk tak a inphum a, nu ropui kam chhuak kan hmu a, chu nu pakhat chuan a fapa tan chuan pasalṭha ang maia a fapa hmelmate hmaah pawh a tân a dinsak zel tur thu a sawi a. Chunga Khuanu chuan atân engkim a ruahmansak a ni tih hrilhin chu chu ring tlat tur leh Pathian chu ṭih tlat turin a sawm bawk a. Hei tluka nuin fa a hmangaihna hi a awm chuangin a rinawm loh. Tin, hei tluka nuin fa a hmangaih dan tur ropui leh chuang hi a awmin a rinawm loh bawk.
He hlaa tlangval lo lang ṭawngkam hi a inrintawk leh ṭha inti ve tawk tak angin a lang a. Mahse, ngun zawka kan thlir chuan he a ṭawngkam hi a maha awm sa leh induhtawk leh ṭha inti ve tâwk sa a ni lovin a rinawm a. A nu ṭawngkam te, a fuihna leh kaihhruaina te avanga inringtawk leh inhmu fiah zawk ta niin a lang.a, he ti hian inringtawk takin a rawn ṭawng chhuak thei ta niin a lang.
I tan hian ka tling lo anih chuan
Bawihte i tan hian tumah an tling lo’ng,
Kei chuanin ka ring lo,
Kei aia hmangaihtu che hi an lawm lo’ng.
tiin, inrintawk takin he tlangval hi a nu avangin a awm phahin hetiang ang inrintawkna thu hi a sawi theih phah ni ngeiin a lang a. Zirmite chuan, ‘Nu leh fa inkara inlaichinna leh inpawhna ṭha tak leh rilru chhungril lama him nia inhriatna nuin naupang a pek ṭhinna te chuan mahnia inrintawkna te, khawtlanga an mawhphurhna neih kawngah te, an rualpuite nena an nunhona kawngah te nghawng ṭha tam tak a nei thei a. Tin, an zir laia an hlawhtlinna kawngah te nasa takin a pawimawh hle a ni.’ ( Imray, Yasare, Burcu, Mustafa 203)
Mithiam zawkte chuan an zir chhuahna aṭang vêk chuan naupang emaw ṭhalai zingah nu leh pa nena inbiak pawhna ṭha tak neite hi nu leh pa nena inbiak pawhna ṭha tak nei lêm lo emaw nu leh pa nei lote ai pawhin an nunah hlimna a sâng zawk niin an hmu chhuak bawk. Hei hi han ngaihtuah mai pawh hian thil dik thei tak tur a ni a, chhungkaw nun, nu leh pa nena inkar a fel loh chuan tu mihring mah hi a hlim theih tak takin a rinawm loh. He ‘Pasalṭha’ hlaa nu leh fa inkar inpawh tak kan hmuh hian nasa takin mihring nun phung a tarlang a. Tin, a nu hian a fapa hi kawng engkimah a ngaihsak vek hman bik lovang. A chhan pawh chhungkaw eizawngtu leh inchhung khura chetu ber an nih ṭhin avangin. Chuti chung chuan a theihna zâwn zâwnah a ngaihsak hlein a harsatna thûk ber thlengin hriatthiampui a duh niin a lang a, emotional support a pek ṭhat hmel ngawih ngawih a ni.
Chutiang bawkin a fapa hian ṭhiante leh midangte bul aia a harsatna thûk ber a nu ngei a hrilh ngamna hian a nu a zahzia leh thinlung taka a pawhzia a tarlang a, a nu hi thil ropui teh lua tihsak thei kher lo pawh lo ni se Bible-in, ‘I nu leh pa chawimawi rawh’ a lo tih kha a hlen chhuak ṭha hle thung niin a lang. Chu a nuin a ngaihsakna, a hriatthiamna leh a ṭan tlatna avang chuan chapo ni hauh si lova mahni inringtawk tak leh huaisen takin a awm theih phah niin a lang a. An nu fa inkar hi ngaithlatute pawhin kan entawn atân a duhawm hliah hliah a. A nu avang chuan Mizo pasalṭha hmasate inhuamna leh huaisenna te, an rilru nghehna leh paukhauhna zawng zawngte chu nei ve ta niin a lang a, a hmangaih tâna a inhuamna te, kawppui leh pasalṭha tak nih a inrinna avang te chuan Pasalṭhate nen hial chuan intehkhinin, an ni aia a duai loh zawk tur thu a sawi chhuak ta hial a ni.
Taitesena leh Vanapa pawh tehkhin dawn ila,
Min tluk long’e,
Kei aia PASALṬHA tur chuang an awm bik nêm,
He lei chînah.