- Prof. Laldinpuia; Centre for Disaster Management, MZU
October ni 13 hi khawvel puma chhiatrupna nghawng tinep tura beihpui thlakna ni, ‘International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ (IDDRR) a ni a, kum 2025 thupui atan ‘Fund Resilience, Not Disasters’ thlan a ni. Chhiatrupna thlen loh nana sum ruahman lawk neih hi a tangkai a; thupui sawi chhunzawm nan ‘Chhiatna Fund’ tih kan hmang ang. Khawtlangin chhiatna kan tawh nikhuaa kan inrelbawlna atana kan hman thin nen erawh a tum a dang thung.Chhiatrupna kan tawrh phahna thin, chhiatna min thlen thin, heng leimin te, rial tla te, tuilian te, sabereka khuangkaih te, lirnghing te, ran pul hri te pawh a ni thei e, heng avanga harsatna kan tawrh nep theih nana hmalakna tur sum lo inruahman lawk tul thu hi inzirtir a ngai ta viau mai a. Khawvel pum dinhmun, UNDRR (UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction)-in a lo zir chianna atangin kan sawi zau hmasa ang.
Khawvel puma chhiatna thleng thin tinep tur hian ram hrang hrang ten thuthlung an ziak thin a; kum 2015- 2030 chhung atana thuthlung an ziah, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction hmalakna thlirletin, beisei sang viau mah se, tun thlengin chhiatrupna nghawng hian zia awm lam a pan hlei thei lo. Sik leh sa inthlakdanglam nasa lutuk nghawng te, hmasawnna ruhrel dinna khingbai avang te, khawpui bawh uar lutuk te, chenna hmun him ngaihthah avangte leh invenna atana sum awm loh avang te a ni ber. Kumtin hian USD billion 202 zet chu chhiatrupna kaihhnawih avangin sen ral a ni thin a; GAR2025 (Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction) chuan USD trillion 2.3 a kai hial niin a report thung. Hei hi chhiatrupna thlengin a nghawng nghal mai bakah, a sawh khawk dangte leh environment a tih chhiatte nena chhut tel a nih avang a ni.
Ram hausa leh changkang apiangah chhiatrupna avanga sum hloh hi a tam zawk anga chhut a ni. Chhiatrupna kan tawrh thinah te hian, hausa leh rethei te thil neih leh a hlut zawng pawh a inthlau a; chhiatrupna a lo thlen hian, hausa apiangte hloh pawh a tam thin. Chhiatna a pung a, hmun hlauhawm lai te pawh venhim a nih vek theih loh laiin, chhiatna kan tawrh loh nan leh, a nep deuh theihna atana sum ruahman hi a sang thei si lo. Ram hrang hrang sorkar budget te han thlir pawhin, heti lam hawia budget dah hi 1% tlinglo a tam a, ram lian tam takte pawhin 10- 25% an dah tling pha bik lo. Ram hausa leh changtlun zawk ten, ram thanglai te puihna atan an theh chhuak tlem ta bawk a, ram rethei leh thanglai tam tak ten harsatna kan tawh phah a ni. Kum 2025 IDDRR hian a tum ber chu, sorkar budget leh khawvel pum sum leh paia intanpuina kawngah hian, chhiatrupna tinep zawnga hmalakna tur sum dah tipung tur te, hmasawnna kawnga hmalakna hrang hrang leh, mimal sum peipunna te hi him leh ngelnghet zawk ni se tih te a ni. Chhiatna avangin kan in leh lo, vantlang hmun leh sorkar bungrua leh, hmasawnna hnathawhte hi riral mai thei a nih avangin, kan chan vek loh nan, lukhawng (insurance) awm zel thei se. Chhiatna chi hrang hrang laka a him theih nana hmalakna tur sum ruahman lawk ni thei bawk se. Loan pukin, mimal in leh lo chauh ni lo, kohhran leh sorkar hmun hma ngei te pawh sak leh ruahman a ni thin. Chhiatrupna laka harsatna kan tuar nep theihna kawng, heng in leh lo dinna hmun leilung himna te, tuiluankawr ngaih pawimawh te, in sak nana hmanraw tha leh him hman te, kangmei laka invenna dah te, kawngpui laih leh inhmun laih thuah, laih dan him hmanga hun hman rei zawk deuh pawh pawi tih loh leh, senso sang zawk pawh ni se kut tha ngei hman angte leh, a dawlna siam thuah te pawh a ni thei. Thui tak thlir lawk chungin kan himna atana lo insenso a tul anih pawha inhuam a ngai.
Ram hrang hrang hi chhiatna tinep tur zawnga sum ruahmanna kawngah a than harh tan viau a. India ram ngei pawhin, 16th Finance Commission-ah hian USD billion 28 atangin USD billion 42 -ah a tipung dawn a, budget kal lai atanga thlirin a punna hi 50% lai a tling. Chhiatrupna avangin kumtin, a bik takin fur laiin khel lovin harsatna kan tawk thin. Kum 2024 May thlaa Cyclone Remal avangin chhiatna kan tawk nasa a, a phuhrukna atan, special disaster fund-ah cheng vaibelchhe 137.50 (SASCI Part-I Revised Guideline) kan dawn tur thu pawh Assembly budget speech-ah kan ngaithla a nih kha. SASCI hnuaiah hmun hrang hrangah tuiluankawr siam mek a ni a, hma chhawp pawh a awm nual a nih hmel. State budget-ah hian chhiatrupna kan tuar nep theihna tur kawngah sum dah tam ila, hmasawnna hian chhiatna min thlen tur a ni lo. Prime Minister’s Ten Points Agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction-ah pawh ahmasa berah, ‘hmasawnna chuan chhiatrupna thlen theihna tihzia awmna lam a ngaihtuah tur a ni a, chhiatna a thlen tur a ni lo’ tih a ni. Kan hmuh leh hriat tlan, kawngpui lian laih leh sial te, rel kawngah te hian ngaih pawimawh a ni em, tih a chiang ang. Kum 2025-26 atan sorkar laipui atangin kan dawn nen State Disaster Risk Management Fund (SDRMF)-ah cheng vaibelchhe 57 kan nei a. State-in zaa 10 kan lo tum a; cheng vaibelchhe 45.6 (80%) chu State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF)-ah dah a ni, a bak cheng vaibelchhe 11.4 (20%) chu State Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF) hnuaiah a ni thung. Heng fund hman theihna leh a hman dan tur hi duan sa vek a ni nghe nghe.PWD budget-ah kawng siam that nan leh enkawl nan cheng vaibelchhe 100 dah thu kan hmu a. Mizoram State Health Care Scheme hnuaia bill awmte pek tlak zung zung nan cheng vaibelchhe 50 dah a ni a. Power infrastructure tih hmasawn nan cheng vaibelchhe 20 dah a ni bawk. Ram dangin an neih ve loh tur, mitthi ruang phurh nan cheng vaibelchhe 5 a awm bawk. Heng chhiatna kaihhnawih hrang hranga sum dah, sorkar laipui do letna nena chhut vek hian cheng vaibelchhe 180.7 zet a tling a, hei hi kan state budget cheng vaibelchhe 15,198.76 atanga chhut chuan 1.2% chauh a ni thung. Kawngpui siam leh enkawlna bakah power infrastructure te hi chhut tel loh phei chuan, 1% pawh a kai dawn lo tihna a ni a; chhiatrupna avanga buai leh harsatna tawk kumtin tan chuan hmasawnna tur kan nei ngei ang.
Chhiatrupna lo thlen hmaa lo thlir lawk theihna, early warning system lamah hian sorkar laipui a tang hle a. Khawchin thlirtu, India Meteorological Department leh ISRO te thawhhona a tha a, khawchin thlir lawk thei thlalem (satellite) pahnih- INSAT-3D & INSAT- 3DR ten chunglam atangin min vil reng a, minutes 15 dan zelah khawchin dinhmun tharlam a rawn thawn reng bawk. Tun hma zawng aiin khawchin thlir lawkna pawh a dik a, a rintlak a ni. Sum leh pai thahnem tak sen a ni bawk a, mobile phone apps e.g. Sanchet, Mausam, NDEM Lite, etc. kaltlangin mahni awmhmunah khawchin kan hre zung zung thei a, chanchinthar lamah kan ngaithla thin bawk. Hengte hi hmang tangkai ila, a tul ang zelin lo inhmakhua ang u. Global Commission on Adaptation chuan, hetianga early warning, hlauhawm lo thleng tur darkar 24 chhunga tih chhuah hian 30% velin chhiatna nghawng hi a tizia awm thei, tih a hmuchhuak nghe nghe. July ni 30 khan ISRO leh NASA tang dunin an siam satellite changkang zet mai, NISAR chu Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota atangin GSLV-F-16 rocket hmangin kah chhuah a ni a, kumin November thla atangin hna a thawk tan beisei a ni a. He thlalem thar hian chhun leh zan bakah chhum chhah karah pawh, leilung dinhmun danglam dan thlengin a thlirin a hmu thei tawh dawn a. Lirnghing leh tuifinriat fawn sang (tsunami) zir nan te, tlangkang te, leimin te leh tuilian dinhmun zir nan a tangkai dawn hle a ni.
Chhungkaw dinhmun kan inang lo na a, kan phak tawk ang zelin ‘Chhiatna fund’ neih hi thil tul tak a ni ta. Bungrua leh thil dang nei tha si, buai leh harsatna cho lo tak kan ni fur awm e. Kan tlin tawk ang zelin, midangte tuarna atangin kan inzir ang a, chhiatrupna hrang hrang laka kan him thei nan hma ila ang u. Fur hun a liam dawn, mahse, kan la hmachhawn leh dawn tih hre chungin, furpui lo thlen leh hun pawha kan buai loh nan, hlauthawng leh mangang taka kan awm loh nan, i inbuatsaih lawk ang u. Mimal, a ti theite bakah, kan sorkar hotuten rem an tih chuan, a tah tawlin kan building te pawh hi a theih chin chin chu insurance ti tel thei bawk ila; chhiatrupna chi hrang hrangin a hual reng ram tan chuan thil tul tak pawh a ni e. Kum 2019 a NDMA-in Earthquake Disaster Risk Index (EDRI) Report a tih chhuahah, Aizawl khawpui hi khawpui 40 zingah lirnghing laka khawpui himlo berah a dah a. Leilung dinhmun te, lirnghing zia rang leh nih phung an thlirin, tuna Seismic Zone V-a awm te hi Zone VI-huam chhungah dah kan ni dawn a, hei hian insak dan thuah nghawng a nei dawn a ni. Lirnghing laka in sak dan him leh tha, hmanrua tha hman a tul a; architect leh engineer te thuawih pawh a ngai. Leilung zirmi, Geologist-te thu pawh ngai changin, in lian, rit leh chhawng sangte hi a sakna tur leilung azira sak ngam loh zawk pawh a tul ta. Thuneitu lamin ngun taka ngaihtuahna sengin, lirnghing lian tham kan tuar hmain, invenna lam kawnga hma kan lak a ngai a ni.
Khawtlangin thlanmual kan enkawl a, lumen leh a kaihhnawih tul danga hman atan ‘chhiatni fund’ kan khawn thin. Hetiang ang deuh hian, ‘chhiatna fund’ nei thei ta ila, a hman dan tur pawh hetiang ang deuh hian a ruahman lawk theih ang. Mi, damdawi ina enkawl ngai an nih laiin, damdawi in awmna tur nei lo tana MUHCS emaw, insurance dang emaw han tihsak te, tuiluankawr emaw lungrem emaw han siama inhmun him thei tur, retheih avanga siam thei lo te tan hmang thei ta bawk ila, a dang tam tak pawh a awm thei ang. Khawtlang leh ram tan pawh, chhiatna thlen hnua thawm that leh siam that hna hi a hautak a, a nghawng nat thin avangin ‘chhiatna fund’ kan neih hmangin, engemaw chen chu kan lo inveng lawk thei tawh ang. Khawtlang kut thlakna chu sorkar-in a umzui lo thei lo ang, kan beisei pawh a sang ngei ang. Hausa leh neinung deuh te pawh heti lam hawi zawng hian than harh thei se a duhawm hle. Heti ang zawng hian ngaihtuahna seng zel ila chu, chhiatrupna avanga chhiatna kan tawh thin tam tak hi kan pumpelh thei ang, kan lo tawk ta a nih pawhin kan tuar nep dawn a ni.