- Lalnunmawia Pachuau
Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 Mizorama hmang tura Resolution passed a nih aṭang khan pawl leh political party ṭhenkhat te chuan tun thlengin an dodalna an la lantir chhunzawm zel a. MNF Party phei chuan October ni 29, 2025 hian Mizoram pumah FCAA 2023 dodalna total bandh neih an tum bawk. Political party, FCAA 2023 dodaltu ber MNF Party hian Article 371G changchawiin FCAA 2023 Mizorama lo hman ve hi Mizoram tan a him lo tiin Mizoram hralhna ang hialah an chhuah a. Engpawhnise, FCAA 2023 dodaltu te khawsazia leh Article 371G hi han thlûr bing chho teh ang.
Article 371G bihchiang uluk zual ila:
Tun hnaiah MNF Party ten Article 371G an lo sawi vung thar leh hluai mai a, Article 371G-ah hian enge inziak, enge a awmzia tih te han phochhuak ila;
“371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
Notwithstanding in this Constitution.—
(a) no Act of Parliament in respect of— (i)religious or social practices of the Mizos, (ii) Mizo customary law and procedure, (iii) administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Mizo customary law, (iv) ownership and transfer of land,
shall apply to the State of Mizoram unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union Territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986;”
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram shall consist of not less than forty members.
A chunga mi zawng hi Mizoram special provision, Article 371G-a inziak chu a ni. Clause (a) bik hi Mizo ṭawngin han dah ila; “Sawrkar laipui, Parliament dan siam ten he’ng Mizote sakhua leh social practices, Customary law leh procedure, Mizo customary kaihhnawih civil leh criminal justice te, ownership and transfer of land kaihhnawih ang chi reng reng chu Mizoram Legislative Assembly thuthlûkna lo chuan Mizoramah hman theih a ni lo’_ tihna a ni.
‘Provided’ tih ah hian hei hi a lo inziak kalh bawk a, “Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union Territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986.” A awmzia chu, “A chunga special provision te hi awm mahse, State kan nih hma, Union Territory kan nih hun laia mi leh 53rd Amendment Act, 1986 pian hma a mi Central Dan kan lo hman (apply) tawh te chu a huam lo ang’” tihna a ni.
Article 371G hi ngunthlûk takin han thlir ila, thuneihna huam chin nei, limited power a ni tih erawh kan hriatthiam a ngai thung. India rama awm kan nih angin Central dan siamte kan hmang vek tur a nih lai karah kan special provision Article 371G chhunga inziak Mizo custom, culture, religious, ownership & transfer of land, etc., te lo khawih ang chi te erawh kan lo apply ve duh a nih chuan Assembly House-a Resolution pass-a lo adopted a ngai tihna a ni.
Nagaland special provision Article 371A kan entawn, mahse..
Mizoram special provision Article 371G hi Nagaland special provision Article 371A zûlzuia siam a ni. Amaherawhchu, Nagaland Article 371A aiin a huam zîm zawk a, Article 371A hnuaia awm ‘Ownership & Transfers of land and its Resources’ tih inziaka ‘Resources’ tak hi Mizoram special provision Article 371G hian a huam ve lo a ni.
FCAA 2023 dodalna kawngah Article 371G vauchherin “Ownership & Transfer of Land”-ah hian ‘Forest’ hi kan huam luihtirin kan interprete lut thei pawh a ni mahna. Mahse, ‘Provisio’-ah “UT kan nih lai, 1986-a State kan nih hma a mi Central Dan siam kan lo hman tawh te chu Article 371G hian a huam lo ang” tih a lo inziah kalh si vang hian Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (FC Act 1980) hi Article 371G hian a va huam thei lo tihna a ni.
FC Act 1980 hi Article 371G-in a huam tlat loh chuan he dan aṭanga amendment lo piang chhuak FCAA 2023 hi kan lo dodal thei ngawt lo. Principal Act chauh pawmin Amendment lai a dodal theih ringawt loh tih hi Court tuala ding ṭhin te chuan an hrethiam viau a, FCAA 2023 hian FC Act 1980 hi a repealed lo tih hi kan hriat a ngai tel awm e. Tin, thil mak deuh pakhat chu he ‘provisio’ tak hi Nagaland special provision Article 371A-ah hian an dah miah lo hi a ni!
Article 371G chungchanga inremna signed-tu Pu Lalkhama IAS (Rtd.) thuziak..
Article 371G chungchangah MNF leh India inremna, Memorandum of Settlement (MoS)-a hming sign-tu signatory ngei, a hun laia Mizoram Chief Secretary Pu Lalkhama, IAS (Rtd.) thuziak te pawh hi thlir tel a ṭha awm e. Pu Lalkhama hian kum 2023 July thla khan “MIZORAM THLIRNA” tih lehkhabu rotling tak a lo ziak a. He a lehkhabu Page 184-ah chuan heti hian a ziak a;
“Peace Accord” hi Constitution 53rd Amendments siam a, Article 371G-a dah luh a ni. He thuthlungah hian thu (word) pakhat nuai bo leh ngai a awm hlauh mai a, chu chu Article 371G-a ‘provided’ tih word hi a ni. Hei hian he inremna siam fel ni ‘appointed day’ hun lai a India Sawrkar dan siam, Mizoram-a ding laite erawh chu Mizoram Legislative Assembly te thuneihna kan sawi lai hian a huam ve lo tih a sawi a ni. Entir nan Parliament dan siam 1980 a hman ṭan ‘Forest Conservation Act’ chu dan dinglai a nih avangin Article 371G hian a huam phak ve ta lo va, hei hian Mizoram tan harsatna tam tak a thlen ṭan ta a ni.”
Pu Lalkhama hian Article 371G-a ‘Provisio’ an dah tlat hi a duh lo hle a, he provisio awm tlat hi Nagaland Article 371A-ah a awm ve si lo a, chuvangin engvanga Article 371G-a dah nge tih hi a hrethiam lo a, paih a duh thu a lehkhabu ziakah hian a tarlang a ni. He a thuziak aṭang hian inremna ziah ni, ‘appointed day’-a India ram dan ding lai, Mizorama hman mêk te chu Article 371G hian a huam ve lo tih hi a ni. Chuvangin ‘FC Act, 1980 leh Amendments 1988 leh 2023 te hi kan lo dodal thei ngawt lo tih hi a langchiang viau.
Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) Preamble te pawh hi han thlir ila (Mizo tawngin han tarlang mai ila); “Mizoram buaina tireh turin India sawrkarin theihtawp a chhuah a, hemi thilah hian Prime Minister Pi Indira Gandhi chuan hma a la a, tharum thawh titâwpa Indian Constitution chhunga inbiakremna pawh MNF hruaitu Pu Laldengan a pawm a. Sawi hona neih hnuah remna hi siam a ni ta a ni” ti zawnga dah a nih dan hian ngaihtuahna a tithui viau bawk.
Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) leh Constitution-a Article 371G bilhluh chungchangah te hi nguntaka han thlir hian Pu Laldenga te thu aiin India Sawrkar Pi Indira Gandhi te duhdan hi a chungnung zawk tih hi a hriatthiam theih a. Hemi vang hian Nagaland Article 371A aiin Mizoram special provision Article 371G hian a huam zîmin duhthù a sâm lo a, a strong tawk lo a tih theih bawk ang. Hetih laia zawhna pawimawh deuh chu ‘Memorandum of Settlement pumpui, ILP chungchang te, other matters zawng zawng huap vekin engvangin nge Indian Constitution huangchhung Article 371G-ah hian an lo seng luh vek loh’ tih hi a ni.
Pu Lalkhama lehkhabu ziakah hian February ni 18, 1976 khan India sawrkar leh MNF hotu ten inremna lailawk an lo nei daih tawh tih a lo tarlang bawk a. MNF lam aṭangin Laldenga, Tlangchhuaka, Chawngzuala leh Biakchhunga ten hmingziakin India sawrkar aiawhin SK Khurana (Home Secretary), SK Chhibber (Mizoram LG) leh ML Kampani (Jt. Secretary) ten hming an ziah thu tarlan a ni. India sawrkarin Pu Laldenga lakah phût an neih tlat vangin Pu Laldenga khan a hote zawng zawng leh ralthuamte surrender phawt a lo remtih tawh thu a tarlang bawk.
He mi hnu ah hian India sawrkar leh MNF te hian Delhi-ah Joint Press Statement chu July ni 1, 1976 khan an nei a, hei hi “JULY 1, 1976 THUTHLUNG” an tih kha a ni. He Thuthlung para 2-a inziak hi han tarlang ila;
“2. The MNF delegation acknowledged that Mizoram is Integral part of India and conveyed to the Government of India that they resolve to accept a settlement of all Problems in Mizoram within the framework of the Constitution of India.”
Khuarei sûlhnû te han thlir kîr hian kum 1976 daih tawh khan MNF hotu Pu Laldenga te hian Mizoram hi India ram bungkhat (Integral part of India) tiin an lo pawm thlap tih hi a langchiang hle. Tunah ‘Mizoram is Integral part of India’ titu ten FCAA 2023 kan state-a kan lo pawm ve vangin ‘Mizoram hralh tu’ tiin ZPM ministry an han bei let daih mai a! India ram bungkhat ni sa reng Mizoram hi India hnena hralh theiha ngai tlattu te hian eng rau tak chang ang maw?
Kum 2023-a FCAA 2023 dodalna Resolution kha hriatthiam a har..
MNF Ministry hun lai dated 22.08.2023-a Assembly House-a FCAA 2023 dodalna Official Resolution an pass kha hriatthiam a har viau mai a. Kha Resolution kha han pholang ila; “That this House unanimously resolves to oppose the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 in order to protect the rights and interest of the people of Mizoram” tih zawng hi a ni.
FCAA 2023 dodalna official resolution hi Article 371G behchhanin nge an pass a, duhlohna lantirna satliah tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni a, inhnial theih tak pawh a ni. Kha Official Resolution-ah khan Article 371G rêng rêng sawilan a ni lo. Pawl ṭhenkhat FCAA 2023 dodaltu te duhdan ber chu he Dan hi Mizorama hman loh ni se tih a ni. Amaherawhchu, FCAA 2023 dodalna official resolution khan eng chen nge a huam tih kha hriatthiam a har viau. Hemi piah lamah Rules 137 of Rules of Procedure & Conduct of Business in Mizoram Legislative Assembly-in a phût anga statutory effect a nihna turin sawrkar (executive) lamin action an la lo leh zel a, chuvangin MNF hun laia FCAA 2023 dodalna official resolution kha dan hnuaiah chuan awmze nei lo tihna a ni.
Tuna FCAA 2023 dodaltu ten he Dan thar hi dodal bur tur leh Mizorama hmang lo tura adopt-na resolution pass tawh sût leh tura ZPM ministry an nawr vak mai hi a awmzia hriatthiam a har viau. ‘UT kan nih hun laia Central dan siam hman tawh te a huam lo’ tih Article 371G-a a inziah kulh lai hian ZPM ministry hi Danin thuneihna a pêk piah lama khawsa (ultra vire) tura kara chhaih buai an tum tih hi mi â nileng lo tan hai tur a awm lo.
Sawrkar hmalakna beia kan sarâk vak vak lai hian Dan hnuaiah engchen nge sawrkarin thuneihna a neih tih te hi zirchian hmasak fo a ṭul awm e. Tin, tun hnaiah Politics khelhna leh intihlarna atana Environment hmathehtu Eco-Populist kan tih ang chi hi kan ramah hian an lo inlâr chho ta nual niin a lang. Mi ṭhenkhat, Environment hmatheha tlangau ṭhin te ṭawng kauchheh leh thu keuhthlûk dan thlir hian Politics game khêlin sawrkar beihna hmanrua ah FCAA 2023 issue hi an hmang tih hi mi â ber pawhin an hrethiam ngeiin a rinawm bawk.
FCAA 2023 hi kan lo mamawh reng si a..
FCAA 2023 dodalna Resolution passed a nih hnu khan loh theih lohna vangin kan rama development project ṭhenkhatah Dan thar hnuaiah hian Forest Clearance (FC) pekchhuah ni nual tawh a. FCAA 2023 enforce a nih hnu hian FC hi PARIVESH 2.0 Portal kaltlang veka pekchhuah a ni tawh a, kan State-a project proposal atana FC dilna hi kan Forest Dept. official ten an process ṭhin. Tichuan, Forest Clearance hi FCAA 2023 passed hnua FC Act, 1980 hming thar Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980, Section 2(1)(ii) hnuaiah pekchhuah vek tawh a ni. Section 2(1)(ii) hi Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 hnuaiah khan a awm ve lo a, FCAA 2023 an pass hnu ah chauh an bilhlut (insert) thar tih hi kan hriat a ṭha awm e.
India rama FCAA 2023 hman ṭan ni 1st December, 2023 aṭanga vawiin ni thleng hian Mizorama hmasawnna project-ah Forest Clearance final approval 14 lai Dan thar hnuaiah hian pekchhuah a ni tawh a, project hming leh approval pekchhuah ni leh thla te han tarlang ila;
| Sl. No. | Proposal Name | Date of FC Approval |
| 1 | Tuivai to Keifang (NH-102B) | 06.02.2024 |
| 2 | Aizawl to Tuipang (NH-54) | 14.02.2024 |
| 3 | Bridge over river Karnaphuli | 29.04.2024 |
| 4 | Thliarpui WRC | 27.08.2024 |
| 5 | Zorinpui – Longmasu NH 205A | 21.03.2025 |
| 6 | LPG Bottling Plant | 10.06.2025 |
| 7 | Aizawl Bypass: Sairang to Seling (NH 06) | 10.07.2025 |
| 8 | Dampa Lui Bridge 0.01 | 27.03.2025 |
| 9 | Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 3 (NH 306 & 6) | 10.08.2025 |
| 10 | Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 4 (NH 306 & 6) | 12.08.2025 |
| 11 | Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 5 (NH 306 & 6) | 11.08.2025 |
| 12 | Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 6 (NH 306 & 6) | 12.08.2025 |
| 13 | Vairengte to Sairang Pkg – 7 & 8 (NH 306 & 6) | 01.09.2025 |
| 14 | Dampa Lui Bridge 0.01 | 01.09.2025 |
A chung Table-a tarlan proposal 14 atan hian FC Final Approval (Stage-II) hi pekchhuah a ni tawh a. He mi bakah hian proposal dang 14 atan prior permission kan tih ṭhin, In-Principal Approval (Stage-I) pekchhuah leh mêk a ni bawk. Heti hian FCAA 2023 dan thar hnuaiah kan State-ah FC Final Approval 14 lai pekchhuah niin proposal dangah In-Principal Approval 14 pechhuak a ni leh mêk bawk a. Nakin lawkah chuan FC final approval hi proposal 28 atan an pechhuak dawn tihna a ni. Heta ṭang hian Forest Clearance pekchhuahna Dan awmchhun FCAA 2023 kan mamawh zia chu a langchiang viau awm e.
FCAA 2023 dan hnuaiah lo chuan FC pekchhuahna dan dang a awm tlat lo a. FCAA 2023 hi dodal bur ila eng dan hnuaiah nge FC hi kan state-ah kan lo pêkchhuah ve ang tih zawhna lah a dodaltu te aṭang hian chiang fekfawka sawifiahna hmuh tur a la awm lo. FCAA 2023 dodaltu pawl ṭhenkhatte lah hian FC pekchhuah theihna Dan awmchhun ber FCAA 2023 dodal chung hian FC an demand bur bur bawk si a! An duhdan leh ngaihdan insaikalh tlat te hi an hrethiam pha ve ang chu maw..
FCAA 2023 provision kan lo tidanglam thei em?
Central Dan siam te hi kan duh lai lai section siam danglamin kan lo amend ve thei ringawt lo. Hetih lai hian Concurrent List-a mi subject te erawh Central dan siam kan pawm loh chuan State te hian Dan dang kan siam ve thei. ‘Forest’ hi Concurrent List a nih vangin FCAA 2023 kan duh loh chuan Forest Conservation Act anpui Dan dang kan siam ve thei tihna a ni. Mahse, India Danpui Article 254 angin Central Dan siam kalhin Dan kan siam thei lo.
Dan chu lo siam tehreng pawh ni ila President of India-in a lo pawmpui (assent) a ngai lehzel a. Central dan siam RFCTLARR Act, 2013 aia Mizoram (Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement) Act, 2016 kan lo siam te lah chu Central dan a kalh tiin Gauhati High Court-in min lo hnawl sak tawh a. MNF hun lai kum 2019-a passed tawh ‘The Mizoram (Maintenance of Household Registers) Bill, 2019’ pawh President of India assent lohin a la tangkhang mêk bawk. Heta ṭang hian Concurrent List kaihhnawih dan lo siam hi thil awlsam tak a nih lohzia kan hrethiam mai awm e.
Total Bandh huaihawt tumtu MNF Party hruaitu te khawsazia maksak tak hi!
Dated 27.08.2025-a Assembly House-a FCAA 2023 Mizorama hmang tura bûk a nih lai khan Assembly Speaker khan “Remti lo chuan Remti lo ti ula” a tih lai khan MNF MLA rual te kha an ngawi ṭhup a nih kha! Amaherawhchu, Assembly House-a chengkawl anga ngawi tlat te khan pâwn lamah FCAA 2023 an lo dodal leh ta vak mai chu a nih hi. Hei bak baka Assembly House leh Zoram mipui ngaihnêpna hi a awm thei bik dawn chuang em ni le?
Assembly House-ah khan opposition MLA te khan FCAA 2023 kha “Zir chianna hun a awm lo… a copy min pe lo’’ tih te kha an chhuanlam a ni. FCAA 2023 hi Central Dan siam a ni a, public domain a ni a, englai pawha chhiar theiha google-a phochhuah leh download theih a ni. Tin, Resolution an put luh tur hi a hma daihah an phochhuak daih tawh tih kha Speaker khan a lo sawichiang viau bawk.
Ni 22nd August, 2023-a Assembly House-a FCAA 2023 dodalna Resolution lo pulut tawhtu leh pass-tu MNF MLA rual te khan FCAA 2023 copy kha nei miah lo leh zirchiang miah lovin resolution kha an lo pass ve tawp em ni tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni. Hre lawk miah lo leh chawpchilh taka resolution ngaihtuah ngai thut pawh ni se, kum 2023-a FCAA 2023 dodalna Resolution lo pass tawh tu te tan chuan inringlawk miah lova bawngpachal insi ang phatin full stop awm miah lova sawi par par thei tura ngaih an nih laiin zirchianna hun kan nei lo an ti ta laih laih chauh mai a! Theihnghih thutna thlarau riangvai ten an luhchilh zawk em ni le? Sipai báng lû a hai e.
Tlangkawmna
Forest Law te, Environmental Law kan tih te hi development lo kal tur danna tura siam an ni lo a. Development a awm dawn chuan ramngaw, thing leh mau ten an tuar ngei ngei ṭhin a, hloh chin a awm ṭhin. Hemi tawrhna thawidam lehna turin leh Sustainable development a awm theihna tura Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 te, Environmental Protection Act, 1986 etc., te hi lo piang a ni zawk.
Kan ram India hian khawvel ram ropui ni turin ke a pên chho mêk a, ram mipui te vênghim turin theihtawp chhuahin defence project te pawh a kalchhoh pui mêk bawk. FCAA 2023 dodaltu te dodalna chhan ber international boundary aṭanga Km 100 huam chhunga FC exemption chungchang leh security project an lo kalpui tura Forest area lak dan tur lah chu MoEFCC-in dated 24.09.2024 khan Clarification Guideline a lo chhuah tawh a. Forest area suasamna lam rêng a kâwk lo a, State/UT te thuneihna zau tak pek a ni zawk a.
Hemi piah lamah mimal, pawl, etc ram, in leh lo te phei chu India Danpui Article 300A-in a venhim tlat vangin a thlawnin pakhatmah min laksak lui thei lo tih hi kan hriat tlan a ṭha awm e. Dodaltu te sawi vung Section 3C hnuaia Central sawrkar-in State/UT te direction a pek te hi PARIVESH portal-ah hmuh tur a awm nual tawh a, State/UT te thuneihna chhuhsakna lam rêng a kâwk lo bawk. FCAA 2023 dodaltu te dodalna phêna inthup diktak zawk chu ZPM ministry-in kan ramah project lian hnuklûtin hna rotling an thawk vak ang tih hlauhna vâng ti ila dãwt muhlum kan sawi kher awm lo e.
Ni e, Memorandum of Settlement leh Article 371G te hi political advantage lak tumna atana kan changchawi dawn a nih chuan Indian Constitution-a State List Entry No. 18-a Transfer of Land & Ownership chungchanga thuneihna sâng tak kan neih dan te, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation 1873-a ILP hmanga humhimna kan lo neih tawh dan te, Article 371G pian hma daiha Non-Tribal te hnena ram pêk leh hlanchhawn phal lohna dan The Mizo District (Transfer of Land) Act, 1963 kan lo neih dimdiam tawh dan te hi sawi lang tel ta ṭhin ila.
Kan mineral resources, oil leh natural gas chungchanga thuneihna kan neih dan te, kan rama Oil zawngtu ten Mizoram sawrkar hnenah Vaibelchhe tamtak an chawi tawh dan te, The Mizoram State Mineral Exploration Trust Rules, 2025 kan neih thar dan te pawh hi han pholang tel ta ṭhin ila. India Danpui Article 214-ah State tinah High Court an din theihna tur a lo inzeh thlip thlep tawh lai karah Mizoram mipui hnena Politics hamṭhatna zawnna atana Article 371G leklam fo pawh hi awmzia a nei thui vak lo mai thei e..
Engpawhni se, Article 371G-ah chiang takin State kan nih hma, UT kan nih laia Central dan dinglai kan lo hman tawh te a huam lohzia chiang taka a inziah lai hian eng Dan behchhanin nge FCAA 2023 hi kan lo dodal ve ringwt tak ang le? Kan duh emaw, duh lo emaw UT kan nih hun laia Central Dan kan hman tawh te chu State kan nih hnuah pawh kan hman tlang ngei ngei a ngai tih hi kan hriat tur pawimawh tak chu a ni zawk. Politics game khelhna atana FCAA 2023 hmangtu leh mipui tana harsatna siam zawnga Total Bandh huaihawt tumtu te politics game hian 1966 kal pêlin tuikhur râl a la kâi pha meuh lo chu a nih hi.