- Zoliansanga Tlau
‘Literature’ tih hi ‘Thu leh Hla’ emaw ‘Thuhlaril’ emaw tiin Mizo țawngin sawi țhin a ni a, a pahnih zingah hian ‘Thu leh hla’ tih hi a thlan naawm zawk awm e; mi thu leh hla zawng zawng a ril vek kher lo thei a. Thu leh hla hi zețhuang chi thumah țhen niin hetiang hian a upat dan indawtin han tar lang ila – Poetry, Drama leh Prose. ‘Drama’ tih hi Mizo țawngin ‘lemchan’ tia lehlin niin a inhmeh hle a, ‘Prose’ tih hi Mizo țawngin ‘thu’ tih leh ‘thutluang’ tia lehlin niin ‘thu’ tih hi a thlan naawm zawk bawk ang. Prose (Thu) lamah hian – Essay (“Thu rimawi” – H. Laldinmawia; “Thutluang” – Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte), Short story (“Thawnthu tawi” – Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte), Novel (“Thawnthu phuah thar” – Dr. K.C. Vannghaka; “Thawnthu phuahchawp” – Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte), Criticism (“Thuthlitfimna, Fakselna” – Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte; “Inzulhna” – Lalsiamthanga; “Thu leh hla zirchikna” – H. Laldinmawia ) leh a dangte a awm bawk.
L. Keivom khan Sap țawng thu mal, a lam rik dan mila Mizo hawrawpa ziah a ching a. Entirnan, literature chu literechar, identity pawh aidentiti. Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte chuan Sap țawng thu mal, Mizo țawnga chher thar a ching thung a. Entirnan, Stage chu chantual, legend chu thawnthu hlui. Zikpuii pa kha chuan, “Țawng zawng zawng anpui kan nei lo hi tlawm chia lak tur a ni lo va, khawvel zawng a khum theih loh va, mi hmuhchhuah sa duh duha kan hman theih tho hi hmang ila, kan creativity-in hma a sawn chak zawk a rinawm” (Tualchher Criticism-64) a ti ve thung bawk. L.Keivom, Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte leh Zikpuii pa te tih dan leh ngaih dan hi a țul dan a zira hman hun awm thei ang a ni ang.
Poetry hi James Dokhuma khan “Hlahril” tiin Mizo țawngin a lo dah a, Lalhruaitluanga Ralte leh Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte chuan “Chhamhla” tiin an dah thung a, mi țhenkhatin “hla chham mi” emaw “hla” emaw tiin an sawi bawk. Dr. C. Lalawmpuia Vanchiau chuan, “…poetry ka tih hi Zoțawnga ‘hla’ ka sawina a ni lo; ‘hla’ sawi tur ni ila chuan Sapțawnga poetry tih hi ka hmang lo vang. Poetry chu poetry ni mai rawh se” (Tapchhak Theory-88) a ti ve thung. Sap țawnga song, hymn leh poetry a awm avang hian sawi hran duhna a piang a ni mai thei a. Hei vang hian Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte chuan Poet chu Chhamhla-phuahtu, Hymn writer chu Hla siamtu, Song writer chu Hla-phuahremtu tih a duh a. Mahse, Sapho pawh khuan poetry/poem leh song hi an lo hman pawlh nawk nawk a ni ang, “poets țhenkhat an poem title-a ‘song’ tih ringawt hmang an awm bawk a, chung zinga hming lar deuh-te chu: Sir Philip Sidney, John Donne, Alexander Pope, William Blake…” (Tapchhak Theory-99). Mizo țawng huangah pawh hian ‘Hla’ hian a huam zau hle a, Sap țawnga Song, Hymn leh Poetry/poem te hi a huam thei vek avangin Poetry/poem sawi nan ‘Hlahril’ tih hi hmang ila a țha mai lo’m ni, Song/Hymn kan sawi hrang duh a nih chuan ‘sakhla’ ti leh mai ila, Hymn kan sawi hrang leh duh a nih pawhin ‘fakhla’ emaw ‘Pathian fakna hla’ emaw ‘Pathian fakhla’ emaw ti leh mai ila. ‘Chhamhla’ tih hi chu Mizo te’n chham chi hla – Hla-do, Bawh-hla, Tiam-hla leh a dangte kan nei tawh tho avangin a rem țeuh lovah ngai mai ila. Mahse, sakhla (song), fakhla (Hymn) leh hlahril (Poetry) zawng zawng khaikhawmtu chu ‘hla’ hi a ni leh mai ang a.
A nih leh “sakhla” (Song [Nununa Renthlei]) huang-ah hian poetry/poem a awm thei ang em? A chunga zawhna khi chhang tur chuan hlahril (Poetry) sawi fiah phawt a ngai ang. Poetry chu Grik țawng, ‘poiesis’ (siam) tih ațanga lo kalin “poiein” tih a lo piang a, ‘awm lo ata siam’ tihna niin Poem chu Grik țawng vek ‘poiema’ tih ațanga lo kal, ‘thil siam chhuah’ tihna a ni. Poet tih pawh Grik țawng tho ‘poietes’ tih atanga lak, ‘siam chhuaktu’ tihna a ni bawk. Tichuan, Grik țawng ‘poiesis’ ațangin Latin țawngah ‘poesis’ tih a piang a, French țawngah ‘poetrie’ piang lehin, hei hi Sap țawngah la lutin a hnuah poetry a lo piang ta a ni ang. Poetry chuan hlahril leh a behbawm zawng zawng a huam thei ang a, Poem erawh chuan hlahril mal a kawk thei bawk ang. R.L. Thawnmawia Mizo thu leh hla huanga hla lama zirna kaw tawp (Phd) thleng hmasa ber (Development of Mizo Poetry, 1989) chuan, “Poetry chu hla chhuanvawr leh duhawm, țawngkauchheh țha leh mawi, hla thu kalhmang țha, thu thuk leh ril, mihring nun kaihruai thei, mihring nun darthlalang țha tak, awmze nei leh uluk taka rem khawmte hi a ni. Poetry chu thu pangngai, țawngkauchheh mawi thlankhawm a, remkhawm a ni mawi lo va. Mihring nun nen thuk taka inzawm, chhungrila vei, awmze nei taka kalhmang fel leh inrem țha taka remkhawm, ngaihtuahna leh rilru pawl hlim thei thu nung, mihring nun mawi taka tarlanna hi a ni. Thu inlalawn țha hmanga ri inpawl, lam dan bi-cha fel taka duan, sawi chhuah dan leh lam rik dan kawngka fel taka rem a ni” (Chuailo Bu-3na-123-124) tiin a hrilh fiah a. Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte Mizo thu leh hla huanga lemchan lama zirna kaw tawp thleng (Mizo Drama – A Thematic Approach, 1991) hmasa ber chuan hetiang hian Poetry a hrilh fiah bawk, “Chhamhla (Poetry) chu kalhmang fel leh inrem țha taka thu phuah khawm, thuk bil bikimin a phuar leh thunun loh, chham ruala rimawi insiama fawn chhuak, ngaihtuah leh chhut chiana thuril pai, lamrik ruala mitthla theih thil mawi inthlar, suangtuah ram hruai thlenga thinlung chawk hlim, ri inpawl mawi tak finna thua tlangkawm, chham chhuaha hril nawn leh chakawm khawpa thu dak țha hi a ni” (Mizo Hla leh Chhamhlate-10) a ti bawk. “‘Melopoeia’ – awmze neia rimawi a siam tura thu remkhawm; ‘logopoeia’ – ngaihtuahna chhungril kai tho thei thu ril leh thuk remkhawm; ‘phanopoeia’ – suangtuahna mitthla siam thei thu hman” (Chuailo Bu-3-na-125) tia Ezra Pound-a’n a sawi kha hlahril țha tehna anga sawi a ni fo bawk; mahse, Ezra Pound hi modernist poet a chhal niin, amah hian hlahril tehna dan țha ber angin melopoeia, logopoeia leh phanopoeia hi a ngai lo a ni ang, a hlahril pakhatah, “Sing goddamm, sing Goddamm, DAMM” (Tapchhak Theory-96) tih a awm kha. H. Laldinmawia pawhin, “Hlahril chu poetic quality nei țha hi a ni” (Literature Lamtluang-32) a ti. Poetic quality a tih hi mitthla theih thu hmanga tar lan, thuiin ri mawi a siam, ngaihtuahna chawk tho thei, awmze chiang lo ruaia sawi chhuah leh mawina nei țha hla zawng zawng a huam thei a nih hmel. A chunga hrilh fiahna ațang khi chuan sakhla (Song) leh fakhla (hymn) zingah hlahril (poem) țha tak tak a awm thei tih a lang. Dr. K.C Vanngaka pawhin, “P.B. Shelley (English) Romantic poet lar tak pawh khan a hlate chu rimawi nena sak theih turin a phuah deuh vek a” (Literature Kawngpui-62) a ti. Chutiangin, William Cowper-a Pathian fakna hla (Hymn) zingah poetic quality nei țha a awm nual bawk ang.
C. Lalawmpuia Vanchiau chuan a chunga hlahril hril fiahna khi a duh khawp lo va, a bik takin Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte ziah phei khi chu a hah hlawh zawng tak a ni ang, hetiang hian a ziak a: “Zep thu awm lo, Prof Tluangtea’n chhamhla a hrilhfiahna point hrang hrang-te hi duh khawp lohna lai ka nei ve a. A chhan pakhatna chu, poetry-ah rules a awm tih kan hriat loh laiin point riat a rawn chhawpchhuah hi conventional form anga ngaiin țhenkhat chuan ‘tur’ emaw an lo ti leh thuai dawn a. Chu chuan a hrin chhuah theih chu point riat chiaha ramri kham a ni. A chhan dang leh chu, chhamhla a sawifiahna-ah hian Side_a chauh a huama, a hmaih Side-B pawh hi tel ve tur chi niin ka hre deuh va. Chhamhla a hrilhfiahna ațanga Side-A ka tihte chu: Kalhmang fel leh inrem țha; rimawia insiam; thu ril pai; thil mawi; thinlung chawk hlim; ri inpawl mawi tak; finna thu-a tlangkawm; thu dak țha- a duhawmna hlir, positivism rim neite hi an ni. Side-B ka tih chu forms of expression hrang hrang: Protest/resistance poems, war poem, racial poem, erotic poem, homoerotic poem, mysterious/puzzling poems, open-form poetry, radical poem, confessional poem, psychoanalytic poem, collage poem, physical/materialistic poetry, jazz poem, fractured forms poetry, slang form, etc., te hi. Thil pakhat lang chiang tak chu, poetry hi form khat [side-A] chauh nei ni se ngaihven leh bengkhawn a hlawh lutuk kher lo vang. Poetry hlutna bik chu ze hran hran a nei hi a ni” (Tapchhak Theory-94) tiin hlahril Side-B min thlirpui bakah hlahrilah dan leh inkaihhruaina a awm loh thu kan hmu bawk. Ani C. Lalawmpuia vanchiau bawk hi Mizote Modernist poetry (Modernist Movement-in a hrin chhuah hlahril niin, dan pangngai awm sa ni lova thil thar hmanga hlahril phuah, tla darh ang reng taka rem khawm leh mi mal thil – lungnona, thinlunga thil vei leh rilru luahtu thup chunga rhyme, meter leh a dangte insal beh tir chuang si lo hlahril hi a ni ang) leh postmodernist poetry (Postmodernist poetry chu hlahril niin awmze zau tak nei, thu inzeh pawlh nuai, amah leh amah inhrilh fiah chawp leh a chhiartute hriat thiamnaa innghat hlahril a nikan ti thei ang) awmzia leh nihna min hluitu a ni bawk. Modernism leh postmodernism thlirna ațang hi chuan poetry (Hlahril) hi a zauvin a zalen hle a ni kan ti thei ang.
Hlahril sawi fiah nan chuan William Wordsworth-a’n, “Hlahril chu thinlunga thil vei so liam niin, thinlung ril ațanga lo hnam chhuak, thinlunga muanna reh dam duai nena infawk khawm hi a ni” a tih hian rilru a hneh ber a. Matthew Arnold-a’n, “Hlahril chu mihring nun chipchiar tak leh chik taka thlirna a ni” a tih pawh hi a pawmawm viau a. Thomas Hill-a’n, “Mathematics leh hlahril te hi suangtuahna thiltihtheihna thuhmun tar lanna ve ve an nih theihna lai awm chhun chu a hmasa zawk hian lu hmanna a kawk a, a hnuhnung zawk hian thinlung lam hmanna a kawk hian a ni” a tih pawh hi a pawmawm viau bawk. C. Lalawmpuia Vanchiau thukhawchang takin hlahril hian Side-A leh B a nei niin a ngaih theih. Side-A huangah hian hlahril phuah dan, form, style tih vel a pawimawh a, a chang rem dan, meter, rhyme, rhythm, ballad, ode, elegy, epic, sonnet leh adangte tih vel ram danin a phuarna khawvel a ni; mahse, grammar ram ațanga pen kawi theihna ram a ni tel tho thung (Poetic license). Țhuamtea Khawlhring chuan, Ballad (abab rhyme scheme, tlar khatna leh thlar thumna chu four-foot iambic leh thlar hnihna leh tlar lina chu three-foot iambic) lunglenthlak tak chu hetiang hian a phuah a:
Zun zai a zam (Chawngfianga leh Lianchhiari)
Duh lai chhuihfiang sakhming than nan,
Tukram vau hmawng a sang;
A ngur chawi hrai Lianchhiar hel lai,
Tukrel chem-hnawm a hrang.
Lawhleng a nui suihlung an rual,
Sawmfang sakthlam an lawi;
A tlang leh mual hlim zai an vawr,
Sakruang zețial an chawi.
Zaleng an sawm an run an kai,
A zua talhkhuang a chawi;
Chawnban an hmer thu di an hlan’
Lianchhiar sakhmel a mawi.
Mahse duh luat tih luat a pawi,
A zua sakhming than lai;
Lenkawl a abng tur-ni a her,
Zatlang relthang an kai.
Khuan mawi iang dim tura’n an rel,
Rem rum dawh sang kai zai;
Lam kar palai an tir mahse,
An hlan dawt leng biahzai.
Chhuifiang sumtual khual ral an chhal,
Lianchhiar țahkhua a sei;
Phun hmang ang tluang zamual a pem,
Suihlung vaih khua a sei.
Zun leng a ngai chhuah tlang a thlir,
Chhim tlang hmar leng a deng;
Zun zai a zam țah zai a rel,
A riang suihlung a leng.
Side-B-ah chuan Side-A-a phuah dan, form leh style laka zalenin a thu chah, a thu ken (mesaage) kha ngaih pawimawh zawk a ni. C. Lalawmpuia Vanchiau-i’n, “Zuahliana hlaa ‘truth’ kan hmuh ve erawh a ‘beauty’ tlat lo, ‘beauty’ kan hmuh ve lah a ‘truthful’ nahek lo. A chhan zawng a ho khawp, ‘modern poet’ [a changin postmodern] ni miau hek” (Tualchher Criticism-177) tia a lo sawi Lalzuahliana hlahril pakhat han tar lan leh ila,
Beiseina thar se
I suangtuahna khawvel chhu darhin,
I duh thusamte’n an bosan ta che a;
I ngaihtuahnate a thlawn zovin,
I mumangte an ral zo ta.
Vei lam i hawi a, an lo ngur che a,
Ding lam i sawn a, an lo vua che a,
I hmung lamah lungngaihna a awm a,
I hmaah mualphona leh thihna.
Hmanag chuan kan nui țhin a,
Hmanah chuan kan hlim țhin a,
Awm tawh ațanga awm tur dawn a,
Thlirin zai hla nen kan hmuak a.
Nghahna ke tam kan neihte kha,
A mal mala balin,
Tunah a thlawn zo ta,
Chet leh sawi a fuh thei lo.
Mhring i dawn a, i țap a,
Rosuam i nei a, i lungngai a.
Nunna chu nihnain a hum hram hram a,
Hliama chu hliamtu a nih loh nan.
Tichuan i au va, nunna petu,
A thilpek la let turin.
Mahse, arsi ang maiin a reh vung vung a.
Mihring lam kal i thlir a,
A hniam i hmu a, a sang i hmu a,
I anpui hmuh a har hle si.
Duhnate’n duh lohna a hring a,
Hmuh fiahnain mit a ti del a,
Hriat chiannain a ti ȃ zo ta a che.
Nangmah ngaiin nangmah,
Țapin i au ta vak vak a,
Hmuhsitna leh endawngna bak-
Dawn tur reng i nei lo ve.
I finnate a mang zo va,
I hrianate a bo zo ta a,
I chhiar buin lu a thleng pha lo,
Tarhna avangin taksa a chau va,
Hremna avangin thlarau a kimki ta.
Engmah lova engmah lo awm i ni a,
Nuai ralna ngena țapin,
Tawpna ngaiin i au leh țhin,
Tawpna, a tawp nan.
Sapin tharum hmanga min awpbehna ațangin zalen tawh mah ila, anmahni kan ngaih sanna leh dah sanna chuan kan rilru, thinlung leh ngaihtuahnaah bu khuarin min la awpbet tlat a. He hian thui tak nghawng neiin kan thu leh hla thlengin a khawih (mek) a. Kan pi leh pute hun lai ațang tawh a, hla thu bik neia hla phuah țhin khan Sap tih dan entawna thil engkim tiha, phuah a, sawi fiah zel kan duh ta a. Hmanpui zawk nge nge an tih dan, an țawng leh țawngkam kan hman a ngaih chang chu awm tho mah se, kan hnam zia, culture leh tih dan țhin hmanga hma kan laka ke kan pen ngam a ngai ta niin alang. Hla pawh hmana kan Mizo hla phuah dan hmang khan i phuah leh ang u. Sap phuah dana phuaha an tih dan anga kal kher hi a țul ber em ni kan ti a ni. Rev. Liangkhaia’n, “Kan kristian hla hi a siam hmasatu Missionary-te khan Mizovin hla thu bik an nei tih hre lovin thu ziak pangngai (prose) mai mai hi a thluk remin hla angin an ziak a, kan sa ta mai a. Tuna keini upaho, Mizo hmasate lah khan, Pathian hla lam chu heti tur reng hi emaw kan ti a, kan hla thu pangngai chu khawvel zai emaw kan ti ta a…Mizo hian hla thu bik (poetic words) kan nei nasa em em a, Saphote ai chuan kan ngah daih awm e. Kan hla thu, kan hla țawngte chu a țha em em a ni. Mahse, lengzem zai (love song), nula leh tlangval inphuah nan kan hman nasat em avangin hla țha lovah kan ngai a, kristian hmasate chuan an do a ni. Amaherawhchu, tunah hi chuan a hla thu ringawt chuan pawi a khawih lo va, a hla-ina mi hriattir a tum (subject)-a kha a pawimawh ber chu a ni tih kan hre țheuh tawh awm e…Engah nge kan Zoțawng mawi ber leh thlum berin Lal Isua kan fak loh vang.” (Thu leh Hla Thlitfimna Lam-219-221) a lo tih kha. Pathian fakna hla pawh hi Sap hla Mizo țawnga lehlin sa fo mah ila, kan Mizo irawm chhuak hla leh lengkawm hla thluka Pathian han fak hian thinlung a khawih a, rilru a hneh zawkin ka hre țhin.
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