- Lalnunmawia Pachuau
Tun hnaiah Tlawng lui kama kan Chief Minister Pu Lalduhoma huana leivung paih thu ah politics-a inbeihna a lo lar hluai mai a, Railways kawng laihna leivung an paih nia sawi a ni. Tlawng luikama leivung paih hi RRF huamchhung a ni tih vangin Range Officer, Sairang Forest Range chuan leivung paih tawh lo turin mi pathum lakah Stay Order a chhuah thu social media lamah a lo darh hluai bawk.
District Council kan nih hun lai khan luipui kam ramngaw humhalhna turin ni 28.01.1965-ah khan Notification chhuah a ni a, Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) Notification 1965 kan tih hi a ni. Mizoram chhunga Lui lian 16 leh a kamtuak 800 meters bakah Aizawl to Vairengte via Sairang road side reserved forest a huamtel bawk a ni. He RRF Notification hian tuna leivung paihna kianga lui luang Tlawng hi a huam a ni.
Kum 50 chuang lai kan lo palphûl tawh RRF area buaina hi a chingchivêtin a buarchuar tawh hle a, mi sâng tamtak inbengbelin eizawnna nghet dinna hmun atan an hmang tawh a, he RRF buaina chingchivêt tak mai hi khuhhriang lingkhup thawk anga awlsam taka chinfel theih a nih loh zia hrechiang tu vek kan ni ngei ang.
Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) dinhmun ni mek chu..
RRF dinhmun tarlang tur hian a Hauhuk kâi aṭangin chhawpchhuah a ngai a. Tuirial Hydel Project (HEP) pamṭul nen khan a inkhaidiatin a inthlungzawm chho vek a. Tuirial HEP-in a huam chin, a chîmpil tur (submergence area) zawng zawng kha Tuirial Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) area chhung vek a nih thu Forest Department khan P&E Department a hriattir vang khan Forest Clearance (FC) atan NEEPCO khan Vaibelchhe 24.46 kha Forest Department-ah an chhûnglut a nih kha. Chutih lai mek chuan kha Tuirial RRF huamchhungah khan ram neitu sâng tel an lo awm reng mai kha a lo ni a.
Aizawl DC chuan Tuirial RRF huamchhunga ram neitu te tan hian zangnadawmna an lakna tur Award a siamsak ta a. Amaherawchu, Tuirial RRF area a nih vanga Forest Clearance dilna ah Vaibelchhe 24.46 an sênral tawh laia ramneitu te hnena Compensation pek double kha NEEPCO khan an hriatthiam loh vangin leh an pek theih loh vangin Tuirial HEP kha MNF Ministry hun hmasa khan a pamṭul chho ta tih kha kan hre vek awm e.
Tichuan, kum 2011-a Congress Ministry-in a lo tharthawh leh dawn khan NEEPCO nen inremna siamin ‘Tuirial HEP kaihhnawiha Compensation zawng zawng chu Mizoram sawrkar pek tur a ni tawh ang’ tiin inremna an siam ta a, Tuirial HEP pawh an tharthawh chho leh ta a ni.
Hetih lai hian Tuirial RRF huamchhunga ram neitu te chuan Gauhati High Court-ah compensation pechhuak tur leh RRF Notification 1965 chu nuaibo turin an zualko ta a. Tichuan dated 27.01.2021 khan Gauhati High Court, Aizawl Bench chuan a RRF Notification 1965 chu a nuaibo ta a ni.
He Gauhati High Court order hi appeal niin, Mizoram Sawrkar-in a appeal-na chu Gauhati High Court, Division Bench chuan ngaihtuah lehin ni 29.11.2024 khan RRF Notification 1965 hi a tungding leh a ni. RRF Notification 1965 a tundin rual hian Tuirial RRF huamchhunga ram neitu te hnenah Compensation pechhuak turin Mizoram sawrkar chu direction a pe ta tho a ni.
Tuirial RRF huamchhunga ram neitu te hnena sum pek tur hi Vaibelchhe 100 chuang daih nia sawi a ni a, a tamtham em vangin Mizoram sawrkar, ZPM Ministry chuan Supreme Court-ah a appeal ve leh ta a (SLP (Civil) Diary No. 10724/2025). Supreme Court chuan dated 17.04.2025 khan Gauhati High Court, Division Bench thuthlukna chu a Stay ve leh ta a, he case hi a la kal mek a ni.
Kum 50 chuang inthlahdahna rahchhia kan tuar mek..
Mizoramah hian reserved forest kan nei nual a, Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) area hi a lian ber niin kan luipui lian 16 kam tuak 800 meters-a zau huamin, 1832.50 Sq. km zet a cover a ni. Kan reserved forest area te hi District Council kan nih laia kan Mizo District Forest Act, 1955 hnuaia notification chhuah te an ni.
British-in min awp lai daih tawh khan Inner Line Reserved Forest (ILRF), 1877 hi kan nei tawh bawk a, he ILRF hian Mizoram leh Assam ram chhung zau tak a awh ve ve a, Assam area-ah chauh ni lo, Mizoram area lamah pawh bawhchhiatna a nasa hle a, mi tamtak an inbengbel tawh a, chingfel tur chuan kan mi leh sa engemaw zat hnawhchhuah an ngai tawh ngei ang.
Hetiang chiah hian kan Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) area chhungah hian mi sâng tamtak an inbengbel tawh bawk a, khaw tamtak din a ni tawh bawk. Aizawl hnaih tê ah Sairang, Sihhmui leh Tuirial khua te hi RRF huamchhung a ni. Hmar lamah Hortoki leh Bairabi thlengin Tlawnglui kama inbengbel an ni. Khawthlang lam hawi ila Tut leh Langkaih ruamah Kanhmun leh khaw tamtak an inzarpharh a. Chhim lamah ni se Khawthlang Tuipui kiangah Tlabung thlengin a va huam phei bawk.
Kan Reserved Forest area dang chhungah ni se, mimalin ram an neih bakah mihring chènna hmun Settlement Area te a kat nuk bawk. Kan luipui lian 16 kam, RRF area bik phei hi chu a ram hmun rem ṭha lai zawng zawng ah hian kum 50 kalta chhung khan ram pass pê in kan lo palphûl zo tawh a ni ber a, chênna leh eizawnna hmun atan kan hmang fai deuh vek a ni ber tawh a, ram chhengchhe lai tih loh hi chu a chereu vek a ni ber tawh a nih hi.
Forest area humhalh chhungah ram pass an lo pechhuak nasa:
National Green Tribunal, Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata chuan Center for Environment Protection (CEP) -vrs. Union of India (OA 68 of 2019) case-ah Interim Order khauh tak chhuahin Mizoram State chhunga Reserved Forest area-a LSC, PP, VC Pass, etc., pekchhuah te inspection nei vek turin a lo ti tawh a. He mi order bawhzui hian April ni 13, 2020 khan Land Revenue & Settlement Department, Govt. of Mizoram chuan Reserved Forest huam chhunga ram nei ten an ram cancel a nih lohna chhan tur ni 30 chhunga sawifiah turin Notification hi a lo chhuah tawh a ni.
Tichuan, NGT Order bawhzui hian Forest Department pawhin hma la in dated 02/03/2021 thlenga Reserved Forest area huamchhunga ram pekchhuah zat, PCCF Office-in a record zat chu ram pass 5303 niin encroachment area chu 10737.3867 hectare area-a zau a ni tawh a ni. Hetah hian RRF huamchhunga ram pekchhuah hi a tam lawr lak a ni! He inspection hi Covid 19 hripui vang khan an chhunzawm ta lo niin a lang.
Inthlahdahna rahchhia kan tuar.. Kan la tuar zel dawn…
Kum 50 chuang kan reserved forest area te hi ṭha taka humhalh leh venhim an nih ngai loh vangin a chhungah mi sâng tamtak lo inbengbelin, in leh lo dinin tuchhuan engmaw zat an lo pung chho tawh a. He’ng te hian Bûngpui ṭhanglian angin zung an kaih nghet zel a, tunah chuan an zung nena karphawh hi thil thil harsa tâwpkhawk a ni tawh ngei ang.
Tun hnaia kan rama Development lian lo kalah Forest area-a inbengbel ten buaina leh harsatna khirh tak tak an hmachhawn ta zut zut a nih hi. Dan ang takin RRF Notification hi kengkawh dawn ila, Luipui lian 16 leh a kamtuak 800 meters leh Roadside reserved forest (Aizawl to Vairengte -via- Sairang) area chhunga hun rei tak lo inbengbel tawh te hi hnawhchhuah (evict) an ngai dawn tihna a ni. Road Side Reserved Forest area bik phei hi chuan Aizawl Dâk inpui aṭanga Vairengte a huam lehnghal a, Aizawl khawpui mi engemaw zah hian an tuar tel ve dawn tihna a ni.
Development project kalna tura buaina hmasa ber ni ṭhin chu; Forest Department lamin, “Helai hi kan humhalh area huam chin a ni, Forest Clearance a ngai..” an tih laiin ram neitu te lamin, “Kan ram hi Revenue Department-in dan ang thlapa min pekchhuah a ni a, kum tamtak Tax chawiin ka lo enkawl puitling tawh a, kan dikna chanvo hi min chhuhsak thei bik lo ang” an ti ve tlat mai si a. He harsatna khirh tak vang hian hmasawnna project kal turah harsatna tamtak kan tâwk chho ta ṭhin a nih hi. A tawp khâwka tuartu chu Mizoram mipui bawk kan ni leh ṭhin.
Inthlahdahna rahchhia kalzel hi Turial HEP Case-ah Mizoram sawrkar-in a tuar mek a. Vaibelchhe 100 chuang fe chawi thei dinhmunah a ding a, Supreme Court interim order vangin a la him hram hram mek a nih hi. He sawrkar tawrhna te hi inzirna atan hman a ṭha awm e. Buaina chinfel loh kara Forest dan khawng lutuka kan lekkawh lai hian mual leh lamah Mizoram sawrkar leh mipui hian nasa takin kan tuar let thei tih te pawh hi kan ngaihtuah thlen phak a ngai ve bawk awm e.
Sawi tawh angin Tuirial HEP atan NEEPCO-in Vaibelchhe 24.46 chu Forest Clearance atan Forest Department-ah an chhûn luh lai khan RRF huamchhunga ram neitu ten compensation an lo claim ve tlat mai si a, buaina irhchhuakin Tuirial HEP kal lai mek pawh an chawlhsan phah a nih kha.
Kha harsatna ang chiah kha Vairengte to Sairang 4-Lane Project-ah pawh Mizoram sawrkar khan a tawk leh ta chat a nih kha. Forest Department lamin project kalna hi Roadside Reserved Forest area a nih vangin Forest Clearance a ngai an tih laiin ram neitu mi sâng rualin Revenue Pass neia rei tak kan inbenbelna hmun a ni a, kan ram diktak a ni an ti ve thung si a. NHIDCL lamin Forest Department leh mipui hnenah double compensation kan pe thei lo an ti ve hmak mai bawk a. Harsatna lian tak a thleng chho ta a nih kha. Mahse, kan Chief Minister Pu Lalduhoma hmalakna zarah Forest Department hnenah Forest Clearance pek niin, mipui hnenah compensation an pe ta a nih kha.
Vairengte to Sairang 4-Lane project buaina kha chinfel ni lo se Tuirial HEP ang khan buaina lian tak a thleng leh ngei dawn a, a nghawng tur chu Project pamṭul a ni leh ang. 4-Lane Project an kalpui mai thei lo khan nghawng ṭhalo tak neiin kan châk lakluhna kawngpui thlengin a nghawng nghal vek a, Vairengte to Sairang kawngpui chhia vangin vawiin thlengin kan la buai chhunzawm mek a nih hi.
He RRF area leh mimal ram insutbuaina hnawknuai mai hi kan hruaitu kalta te khan chingfel lovin an lo uipui tuilian thlir mai mai bakah, an lo kihhnawk belh zel mai si a. Rálsamkuai leh kaihhlet bawn kara lazai inzam hnawk ang maia thenfai leh chinfel harsa buaina hi a reh hma chuan hmasawnna project lian lo kal tur a piangah harsatna lian tak hi kan la hmachhawn zel dawn tih hi thlasik anga khêl lova lo thleng zel tur a ni.
Leivung paihna hmun chu tu ram nge ni ta.. Dan bawhchhiatna a awm em?
RRF area huamchhungah hian Land Revenue Department hian ram an lo pechhuak vak mai si a. Ram an pêkchhuah te hi Mizo District (Land Revenue) Act, 1956 kan tih te, Mizo District (Agricultural Land) Act, 1963, Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013 dan hnuaia pekchhuah te an ni. Village Council-in Lushai Hills (House Sites) Act, 1953 hnuaia a pekchhuah te an awm bawk. Autonomous District Council area-ah chuan an mahni Land Revenue Act hnuaiah pek chhuah an ni thung.
Revenue Land Pass neitu te hian Mizoram land law hnuaiah “Right over the land’” neiin an ram chhungah khan neitu chanvo, legal right an nei a ni. An ram pass hi cancel sak an ni lo emaw, Court-in an ram hi Dan ni lova pek, awmze nei lo (null and void) a tihsak si loh chuan kan ram Dan hnuaiah chuan an ram chungah hian thuneihna legal right an nei a, an duh angin an hmang thei tihna a ni. An property a ni a, an ram a nih chhung chuan an duh leh leivung paihtirin an dâwl zawltir thei tihna a ni.
Article 300A of Indian Constitution-ah chuan, “No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law” tiin dan kalphung ang thlap lo chuan an chanvo hi laksak theih an ni lo. Tun hnaia Supreme Court thuthlukna chu, “Right to Property is a human right… The state cannot take possession of it without following due procedure of authority of law” tiin ram neitu te dikna chanvo chiang takin a lo nemnghet lehzual bawk.
Mizoram Land Law dan hnuaia ram pek ṭheuh ṭheuh Aizawl dâi leh hmun danga Periodic Patta neitute chanvo ang kha Sihhmui dai leh Tlawng kama Periodic Patta neitu chanvo nen a danglam bik lo a, dan khat hnuaia pêk an nih lai karah an ram kha an thuneihna huangchhung a nih vangin an duh angin an sâwngbawl thei ti ila kan hrethiam tlang turah ngai phawt teh ang. An ram chhunga leivungin lui a tihbawlhhlawh chuan si loh chuan khawi lai chu nge dan bawhchhiatna chu ni ta?
Se bo hnua se kawng khar – Regularised a harsa tawh..
India ramah forest ram palphûlna (illegal encroachment) a nasat vangin MoEFCC pawhin 18th September, 1990 kan ‘Guidelines for Regularization of encroachment on forest land’ chhuahin hetah hian Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, Kerala, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands te chuan proposals an thehlut a. He’ng proposals te hi Central Government chuan approved sakin heta regularized area hi 3.66 lakh hectare area a ni. Madhya Pradesh hian 275405.692 hectare area zet a regularized a, kan ṭhenawm Arunachal Pradesh chuan Hectare area 13419.290 regularized in, Tripura pawhin Hectare 27.400 an regularized a ni. Hetih lai hian Mizorama kan reserved forest area-ah khaw tamtak awm leh huan lo ram nghet tamtak awm tawh mahse, Regularised turin proposal engmah an lo zu thehlut ve lo a ni.
Hetih lai hian Supreme Court chuan Central Government-in regularization a kalpui zel tur chu a remti ta lo va, dated 23-11-2001 khan order a chhuah ta ni (I.A. No.703 in WP(C) No. 202 of 1995). He mi hnu hian MoEF&CC chuan regularization chungchangah Circular vide No.2-1/2003-FC(Pt) dated 5.02.2004 dang a tichhuak leh a, hei pawh hi dated 23.02.2004 hian Supreme Court hian a stayed leh ta bawk a ni (I.A. No.1126 in WP(C) No. 202 of 1995).
Hetiang a nih vang hian tun dinhmunah chuan reserved forest area chhunga khawsa te leh inbengbel te regularised harsat dan tur pawh kan hrethiam mai awm e. Thenkhatin an harsatna hriatthiam pui miah lovin social media kaltlangin lungin an vawm a, an harsatna chinfel aiah an hliama chingal phul chak tlat tawk lah bo lo. Hei hi kan dinhmun a nih tawh vangin ZPM Ministry hian forest area chhunga lo inbengbel tawh te tan hian The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 kha a lo adopt tawh nghe nghe a ni.
National Green Tribunal (NGT) leh Supreme Court lamah..
Tunah hian kan buaina chingchivêt tak mai chingfel tur hian NGT, Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata-ah Center for Environment Protection (CEP) ten kum 2019-ah khan zualkona thehluh in (O.A. No. 68 of 2019/EZ), hei hi a la pending mêk a ni. Hei bakah hian NGT, Principal Bench pawhin Decan Herald chanchinbu in dated 4.01.2024-a a thuchhuah behchhanin Sou-moto case (O.A. No. 129 of 2024) siamin India rama forest area encroachment chingfel tur hian case a kalpui mêk bawk. Decand Herald hian India rama forest area encroachment 56% lai hi North East state, Mizoram leh a ṭhenawm state-a thleng niin a lo tarlang nghe nghe.
Hetih mek lai hian Supreme Court pawhin Writ Petition (PIL Case) No. 1164 of 2023-a lo chai ve mêk bawk a, hetah hian Rule 16 of FCAA 2023-in a phût angin kum 1 chhung ngêia Forest area Consolidated record peih fel vek turin State/UT zawng zawng te direction a lo pe bawk. Mizoram sawrkar hian he’ng case te hi hmang ṭangkaiin encroachment chingfel tur hian hma a la mêk a, tunah hian Reserve Forest area boundary pillar te a phun chho mêk bawk a ni.
Politics-a kan kailut dawn a nih chuan..
Tlawng lui kama leivung paih hi politics inbeihna leh dan bawhchhiatna tia kan inbei dawn a nih chuan a kianga ram nei zawng zawng te, RRF huamchhunga huan lo ram nghet nei zawng zawng te, khua din zawng zawng te kan hrût tel vek a ngai ang. Thlei bik nei lova kan inbeih a ngai ang. RRF huam chhungah hian tute nge ram neitu tih te hi lepse vek ni se MNF leh Congress party hruaitu pachal tak tak hming hi a lang fur bawk ang. RRF huamchhunga ram pass tamtak pêkchhuah hi tu te sawrkar lai nge tih thlenga kan pholan vek a ngai bawk ang.
Tuna Reserved Forest area buaina chingchivêt tak mai hi hruaitu kal hmasa te sulhnu pawr lo hnutchhiah rahchhuah zel a ni tih hi mi â nileng lo tan chuan hai tur a awm lo. Kum 50 chuang chhunga kih hnawk tawh buaina chingchivet lutuk chinfel harsat dan turzia hi kan ngaihtuah thiam mai awm e. Chingfel tura hmalak a nih pawhin thleibik nei lovin hmalak ni se. A nih loh chuan Dan hmang vêka vuakletna chance a sâng hle ṭhin. Sawrkar-in khawng taka hma a lak hian rûl meia va rap ang hlauh niin ram neitu te hian an lo chuk let chho zel a, Court-ah Mizoram sawrkar an khing let zel a nih mek hi.
Kum 50 chuang zet chu Mizoram sawrkar hian a lu chungah meiling a lo chhêk khawl tawh a, a buarchuar hnawk sa thianfai lovin a kihhnawk belh zel a, tunah chuan tuboh leh dolung inkarah thenfai hnathawh a lo ngai ta a nih hi. Hetiang khawpa dinhmun harsa leh khirhkhâna Mizoram dahtu sawrkar hmasa te kha tute nge ni ta? Kum 50 chhunga sulhnu pawr an lo hnutchhiah te hian buaina zakhua min la thlen dawn chauh a nih hi..