- Tatea Royte, Mizoram University
Mizote history kan chhui hian a bik takin tun hnai history, Mizoram a kan luh hnu, kan han chhui chian hian kan nun ningkhawng, ei leh in zawnna leh inrelbawlna (socio-economic-political) huangah hian tam hian nghawng a lo nei thui em em mai a. Sap hovin min rawn awpbeh chhan te, Kristian kan nih tak deuh vek chhan te, zalenna kan sual chhan te, kan pem thin chhan leh a dang tam tak kha, a vai chuan a ni bik hauh lo ang a, amaherawhchu, tam tak kha tam a tlak vang a ni kan tithei ang.
Mihring a nun theih nana pawimawh ber te zinga mi chu ei tur, in tur leh chenna in a ni ti ila kan sawi sual tampui lovang. Ril tam tan hla mawiin awmzia a nei lova, tui hal tan incheina nalh emaw in lianpui emawin awmzia a nei lo. Mafaa khan poetry hmangin mawi takin a lehkhabu Chawlhna Tuikam-ah khan a lo ziak tawh a,
Riltam tan mawina-in
awmzia a nei lo va
hla-ah chaw a haw hek lo
Lunglenna pawh
Mimawl inhnangfakna mai lo ni e.
Thu pawh hahthlawnna bawk, tiin.
Kum 1965 khan Adlai Stevenson chuanin UN Assembly-ah “Mihring riltam chu mi zalen a ni lo (A hungry man is not a free man)” tiin a lo sawi bawk a. Hemi hunlai hi Cold War hunlai a ni a, Cold War chu Asia, Africa leh Latin America a mipuite’n an tuar nasa em em mai a, heng hmunah hian USA leh USSR-in thuneihna huang a inchuh vang a ni. Chung ram tam takah te chuan tam te a tla a, hmasawnna hmuh tur a tlem em em mai bawk. Chu riltamna atang chuan chhuah zalen a har a, mihring riltam chu mi zalen a nih theih tlat loh avangin.
Chu riltamna avanga tawrhna, duh pawh thlan hleih theih lohna tarmit atang chuan kan sulhnu tam tak, kan history te hi thlir a ngai a, a tul a, a pawimawh hle.
- Tam Chu!
Zofate chanchin kan chhuina a tam tla kan sawi hi chuan Mautam avanga tam tla emaw Thingtam avanga tam tla emaw kan sawina a ni tlangpui. Thingtam hi kum 30 danah a thleng tlangpui a, Mautam hi kum 50 danah a thleng tlangpui bawk. Kan pi pute khan Tam a tlak dawna thil awm dan te kha an lo chik chiangin an lo zir chiang em em mai a. Mau a par a, mau a rah chuan Tam a tla dawnin an ngai thin a, tin, Thangnang puang te pawh Tam hmahruaiah an ngai a ni. Sap ho khan Mizote chenna rama tam tlak dan leh tlak chhan hi an man lawk lo zawk a, kan pi pute’n an hrilh chhun te kha a tirah chuan an awih duh lo a, awih tlakah an ngai lo, mahse, a thleng ta tak tak zel si a.
Mautam avanga tam tla chungchanga report hmasa ber chu Captain McCuloch-a report kha a ni a, 1861-a tam tla chungchang kha a ni. Kum 1881 khan J Knox Wright-an Mautam leh Thingtam tam hi hriatthiam a zir chian a lo tum tan a. Mizo lal thenkhat te chu a zawt kual a, mahse, Pu Wright-a pawh hian a hrethiam tawk lo a. Mizote’n sazu pun vak chhana mau rah an puh pawh chu a awih duh lo a ni.
A enga pawh chu ni se, kan pi pute nunah khan tam hian nghawng lian tak a nei a, an hun chhiar danah te pawh ‘Tampui kum hma/hnu’ ti tein an lo chhui thin. Kum 1720 chho bawr velah Mizoram lut angin historian thenkhat hian an chui thin a, ka pawm chiah lo. Mahse chu chu dikah lo ngai ta ila, kan pi pute British Sawrkarin an awpbeh hma khan Mautam hi vawi li chiah an tawng hman a, Thingtam pawh hi vawi ruk chiah an tawng hman. Heti khawpa Mautam leh Thingtam chungchang vawi tlem te chiah tawng hman chunga an hre dik thei hi an finzia lantirtu pakhat a ni thei ang.
- Awpbehna leh Tam
Riltam chu an zalen thei lo kan tih tawh kha. Awpbettu te khan riltamna hi an rawn hmang tangkai thiam em em mai a, min awpbehna hmanraw lian ber pawl a ni.
Lushai Expedition 1871 leh Chin-Lushai Expedtion 1889 kha han en let ta ila, British Sawrkar kha Mizo lal te bei tur khan an rawn thawk rip rapthlak lutuk. Cachar phai atanga Mizote bei tura rawn chho te kha sipai 1500, M.R Dally hnuaiah police 100, kuli 2764 leh sai 178 lai an ni. Chittagong lam atanga rawn chho pawh chutiang zat bawr vel tho chu an ni. Chu chuan a entir chu Mizote kha min lo hmu ropui, min lo huphurh hle tih hi a ni. Silai leh mihring nei tha zawk an ni a, mahse, awlsam takin Mizote kha an awpbet bik chuang lo. Mizote an tam chiah khan awpbettu te tan kawl a eng a, Mizote tan zan thim a intan a ni.
Kum 1881-a Thingtam tam a tlak tum khan khaw tam tak an tam a, ei tur an nei lo. Chutiang hunah chuan mi tam takin an neih rohlu te chu buh nen an thleng sup sup. Silai thlengin an thleng. Tin, mingo ho tlawn lo thei lo dinhmunah an ding tlat. J Knox Wright-a chuan he tam tla hian British sawrkar chu hun rangkachak a rawn hawnsakah a ngai hial a, British sawrkar-in Mizo mipuite eitur hmanga a hneh theih dawn avangin. Kum tam tak chhung indona leh innghaisakna a chinfel theih loh chu hun rei lo te chhungin tam tla tuar te tanpuinain a chinfel theih ang tih chu Pu Knox-a chuan a ring a, Chief Commissioner of Assam hnenah a hunlai khan lehkha a thawn nghe nghe a, tihian a ziak, “Mihring thatna a kan tihtur piah lamah, Lal te kan lama an tan theihna tura kan policy hrim hrim atan pawh heng mite kan puih hi a tha hle a ni” tiin.
Awpbettu te khan he thuruk hi an hriatchhuah hma chuan tharum hmangin kan pi pute khan awpbeh an tum a, khua te an hal a, silai te an lek a, hmeichhia te an pawngsual thin. Mahse chu aia thawk chak zawk chu, an buh halsak a, riltam a siam kha a ni tih an hre chhuak a. Kyle Jackson-a lehkhabu The Mizo Discovery Of The British Raj tihah chuan British sawrkar kum 1890 chho a “zo ram heartlands”-a an rawn luh khan buh thar zawh awllen hun lai vel an rawn tinzawn chat thu a ziak. A chhan ni awm a lang chu, mipui awllen tual chai te chu chhawr an duh a, tin, Mizote buh thar sa an ei duh vang a ni, tiin a ziak. Kum 1892 khan Pu Tarmita (J. Shakespeare) chuan “Khaw mipuite’n kan ei tur buh an thian sap sap chu a hmuhnawm hle.” tiin a lo ziak bawk a ni. Kan pi pute kha an ei khawp thar thin an ni a, khatia awpbettu sipai tam tak an rawn thlen thut khan an buh dinhmun a tihbuai a rinhlelhawm loh. |am thlen turin an rawn kal hun tur chu an ruat a, an tinzawn a, a tenawm hle.
Hemi hma deuh hian, kum1890 January thla-ah khan Pu Murray-a chu Zakapa khua a thleng a. Puak phur tur leh nula a ngen a. Nula an zawn hmuh mai loh takah chuan Zakapa nupui ka mutpui ang a ti ta a. Zakapa te chhungkua chuan khua an chhuahsan ta a ni. Pasaltha tlem te chuan Murray-a sipai te chu an kap ta a. Murray-a pawh chu ramhnuaiah a tlan daih a, a sipai te chuan khaw mipuite buh chhek khawl te chu an hal vak mai a ni. Ni 20 hnu velah Pu Tarmita sipai te an rawn thleng ve leh a, Mizo 24 zet an rawn that a, in ding lai leh an buh chhek in te chu an hal zo ta vek mai a ni. Kum 5 a liam meuh chuan awpbettu te chuan Zakapa chu an man ta a, Murray-a a kah chhan an zawh chuan “Nula a ngen a, ka nupui hial pawh a ngen a. Ka phal tak lohah chuan kan buh te a hal a. Kan dam khawchhuahna tur a hal zawh takah chuan kah mai loh chu duh thlan tur ka nei lo a ni” a ti. Riltam an zalen thei si lo a. Zakapa khan a kah ngei ngei a ngai.
Murray-a chauh ni lovin, McCabe-a pawh khan a hrat hle a, mipui riltam kha hmanraw pawimawh takah a hmang. Kum 1892 kum khan khaw chhak lamah tam a tla a, chu chu Mautam emaw |hingtam emaw vang ni lovin, ruah sur that loh vang leh awpbettute’n buh tuh hun lai vel (planting cycle) an tihbuai vang a ni. Heihi McCabe-a hian a hmang tangkai em em a, Kyle Jackson-a chuan McCabe-a hian he tam thleng hi malsawmna angah a ngai hial a ni tiin a ziak. McCabe-a chuan a diary-ah, “Lushai khua hal a chhuahsan leh hi hremna a ni tawk lo tih hi ka chiang tawh hle tih hi ka sawi uar lo mah mahin ka hria. Kan hmelma te hi hmun tinah, lo atanga lo-ah kan beih a ngai a, an thlai te chu tihchhiat a, an buh chhek khawl te chu hal ral a ngai. Loh theih loh a kan hnuaia kan kun tir a ngai a ni. An riltamna hi kan thian tha ber a ni a, he hmanraw puihna hian Lushai te hian muanna an rawn zawng thuai ang.” tiin a ziak a ni.
Awpbettute chuan buh phun hun tihbuai te, buh hal te leh ei tur neih loh tir te chu an hmanrua, Mizote an awpbeh theihna tura kawng awlsam berah an ngai nghet ta. Kum 1894-ah khan Ramri khaw mipui te chuan awpbettu te ei tur an pek duh loh avang leh puak an phur duh loh avangin an tlan darh vek a, awpbettu sipaite chuan chu khua chu an hal ral vek a ni.
Awpbettute’n buh te chu an hal hrat em avang chuan Mizote chuan khur an lai a, chutah chuan an buh te leh an neih rohlu te chu phumin an thukru ta thin a. Chu pawh chu awpbettute chuan an hmu chhuak leh a, an halsak vek thin. Kum 1892 khan sipaite chuan chutiang khur chu Eastern Lushai Hills-a khaw pakhatah an lai chhuak a, an hal ral leh vek a ni. He an hal ral hi report an peknaa a landanah chuan kilogram sing chuang a nih an rin thu a chuang nghe nghe.
Awpbettu te chuan tuah thing te, thlai te, buh te, kel te leh ar te khaw mipui te hnenah chuan an ngen (tihluihnain) thin a. An vawi khat chaw ei ringawt pawh kha calories 200,000 chuang a ni. Chu chuan Mizote, an chhungkaw ei khawp thar a lawm em em, nun kha a tibuai nasa em em a, an tam lo thei lo. Heihi Mautam emaw |hingtam emawin a thlen tam a ni lo a, mihring thlen, awpbettu te thlen tam a ni. Mizote’n awpbettute an dona thahrui a chhahsak ti ta ila kan sawi sual tampui lovang. Awpbettute kha an lo rapthlak ngang a ni ang. Tum khat chu Pu Tarmita bulah Mizo tlangval pakhatin vaihlo a dil a. Mizo tawngin a bul hnaia Mizo lal chuan tlangval hnenah chuan “Ngawi rawh, heng vai lal te hi an thinrim chuan keipui ang mai an ni” a ti a. Chu a thusawi chu Pu Tarmita chuan a lo hre pha a, a lungawi lo chuan tlangval chu a hmaiah a hnek pawp mai a ni. Lal thu sawi tinghet turin.
Mautam leh Thingtam tam khan Mizote nun nasa takin a nghawng a, chutiang zeta nasa a nghawng dang chu awpbettu te siam chawp tam kha a ni. Mihring riltam an zalen thei si lo a, awpbettu hnuaiah chuan kan pi pute kha an lo kun lo thei ta lo.