- Debbie Rinawmi
‘Nation’ kan tih hi ‘hnam’ tih hian a sawi fiah kim lo viau naa, kan thiampuipa J.F Laldailova’n “Ram pum khat, hnam pum khat” tiin a hrilh fiah a, a dik tho nain he article atan hi chuan ka lung si zan lo ve ve a, chu vangin ‘Hnam’ tih hi ka hmang zawk ta mai a ni. JF-a sawi kai takah chuan a kutchhuakte tun hnua han thlir let hian mihring famkim lohna lai chu a lang ngei e, amaherawhchu, Mizo thu leh hla tana kawng hrang hranga sulsutu a ni hi a ropui a, a zahawm em em a ni. A dictionary chauh hi kutchhuak nei pawh ni se, Mizo thu leh hla tana mi lian a ni hrim hrim. Bible tih lohah chuan Mizo zingah lehkhabu hralh hnem ber a nih loh a rinawm loh. In tin deuh thawin kan kawl a, he dictionary avanga zirnaa hmasawn leh mi thiama chhuak hi eng zat tak awm ang maw! ‘Hnam’ chungchanga a hrilh fiahna pawh hi ka duh khawp loh rualin ka dem lem lo, mi thiam zawkte hrilh fiahna pawh tam tak a awm a, a tlanglawn thei ang ber hian a lehlin bak hi a awm chuang lo.
Hnam (Nation) hi awl te anga lang si, hrilhfiah har tak a ni a. Hroch Miroslav leh Jitka Maleckova te’n an thuziak ‘Nation: A survey of the Term in European Languages-ah’ chuan, ”Nation tih hi khawvel hmun hrang hrangah ni tinin hman ni thin mah se la, mi thiamte chu a awmzia hrilhfiahnaah hian an inthurualin thu an ti tlu thei meuh lo va, hrilhfiah an tumnaah pawh vawi tam tak an beidawng ve a ni” ti hialin an lo sawi tawh a. Hmanlai ata tawh a hmanna hi chi hrang hrang a lo awm tawh thin a. Medieval (kum zabi 5-na atanga 15-na) huna zirna inahte chuan zirna in awmna khaw pawn atanga zirlai lutte sawi nan hman thin a ni a (Zernatto and Mistretta 353). Hun kal zelah chuan khawtlanga mi zahawm leh mi hausate sawi nan hman a ni leh a (Zernatto and Mistretta 364). Kum 18-naah chuan he thumal hi hman lar a ni viau tawh nachungin mi thiamte (scholar) chuan he thumal awmziain mihring/mipui a kawh tan hunah hian inhnialna tam tak an la nei fo a ni. He thumalin a hrin chhuah ram leh hnam hmangaihna tia kan sawi mai ‘Nationalism’ pawh hi sawi dan a inang lo va; Peter Alter-a chuan, ”Kum 1774-naa German mi thiam (Philosopher) Johann Gottfried Herder-a thuziakah a lang hmasa ber a ni” a ti a, chutih laiin Walker Connor-a ve thung chuan, ”Kum 1798-ah a ni” a ti ve thung bawk a. Kan ram ri ang maiin a buai nuai nuai a ni ber e. Modernist-ho chuan ‘Nationalism’ hi kum zabi 19-na tan tirh lai vela Europe-a intan niin an ngai a ni. Primordialist-ho erawh chuan leilunga awm sa, mihring kutkawih ni lo niin an ngai thung. Primordialists zinga langsar tak Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) pawhin ‘state’ anga mihring siam chawp a nih loh thu a sawi (Evrigenis and Pellerin xxxv-xxxix).
Mi nawlpuiin kan hriat dan tlanglawn berah chuan hnam (Nation) chu a pianna ram, culture, nun dan, history, sakhua te hi a ni mai a (Petersen 181). He ngaihdan hi nghet taka kan pawm dawn a nih chuan zawhna tam tak a piang thei awm e. Mizoram-a piang Mizo-te hi Mizo hnam kan nihnaah hian kan chiang hle a; chutih lai chuan thlah tute atanga Mizo-te, hmun danga awm si te, Mizorama piang ve lo te, Mizoram chhunga tawng hman hmang ve lo te, Mizoram-a cheng Mizo-te nunphung atanga danglam deuh hlek nunphung zawmte hi Mizo hnam an ni ve tho em? Kan political party hming te pawh hi han thlir i la – Mizo National Front tih te a ni a, ‘Mizo national’ hian eng chen nge a huam? Tute nge a huam tih zawhna te hi a lo awm ta a. Indian National Congress te pawh an awm a. ‘Indian national’ hian eng chen nge a huam tih zawhna a awm ve leh a. India ram hi Hindu sakhua be tute tamna ram a ni a, Kristian-te leh Muslim-te hi ‘minorities’-ah chuan kan langsar hle, keini aia tlem zawkte hian ‘Indian national’ emaw ‘nation’ ah hian buaina kan tawk nge tawk lo, pawm kan ni nge ni lo tih te thleng hian ngaihtuah tham tak a tling. Duhthusamin zalen lo mah ila, Indian hnam kan ni tho tho alawm tih ngaihdan pawh thil awm thei a ni a, thil awm tak a ni. Chutih rual erawh chuan, hnam khat chu inpumkhat tlat tura ngaih a nih laiin hemi kawngah hian kan hlawhtling meuh em tih te pawh ngaihtuah a tul awm e. Mizoram-ah let leh ta i la. Hnam bil hrang hrang te kan awm a, hengahte hian inunauna leh inpumkhatna a awm tak zet em tih te pawh ngaihtuah tham tak a ni. Chuvangin, he hrilh fiahna hi chuan a huam zim deuh chu a ni.
Mi thenkhat chuan hnam (Nation) chu pawl/ho khat (Class) hi a ni an ti a. He hrilhfiahnain chiang taka a tar lan tel chu khawtlanga pawl pahnih – mi hausa leh mi rethei pawlte hi a ni. Hnam khat an nih loh chuan an inkar a zau hle dawn tihna a ni te pawh ti i la kan sawi sual kher lo vang. Heng hrilhfiahna te hi a tir atanga fel fai leh nghet taka awm sa a ni lo va, hun leh thil thlengin a ken, kan inkungkaihna leh kan inremna inthlak danglam leh thinin a siam a nih hmel zawk a ni.
Thil pawimawh deuh pakhat, sawi hmaih thiang lo awm leh chu ‘Nation-state’ hi a ni awm e. ‘Nation’ hi Latin tawng ‘Nat’ atanga lak a ni a, ‘Pianna’ tihna a ni a; a hnaih tak ‘Natio’ hi ‘mipui’ tihna a ni a, mipui han tih chuan hnam eng emaw bika mite tih a kawk deuh awm e. Hemi a nih avang hian nation-state chuan hmun pakhata hnam te, ramri fel taka then chhunga awm a kawk a ni. India ram pawh hi nation-state tia kan inchhal theihna chhan chu India ramri chhungah hnam hrang hrang, sakhaw hrang hrang, tawng hrang hrang hmangte kan awm vang a ni.
Hnam pum khat (Nation) leh hnam hrang hrang (Various ethnic) inlaichinna hian nationhood chi hnih (ethnic nationhood leh civic nationhood) chungchang-ah hian inhnialna a chawk chhuak hnem hle a. Hnam (Nation) chu kan sawi nual tawh a, ethnicity/ethnic chu hnam hrang hrang tihna a ni. Entir nan, India ramah hnam hrang hrang an awm a, chungho chuan ethnic group an siam a, chumi chungah chuan Indian hnam (Indian Nation) kan ni bawk a ni tiin sawi i la a chiang mai awm e. ‘Ethnic nation’ chuan nunphung, thlah tu te, sakhaw thuhmun te a kawk a. Kaustav Chakraborty chuan a lehkhabu Nations and Nationalism-ah chuan, ”Ethnic nation chuan mimal duhthlanna ni lovin thisena inzawmna a kawk” a lo ti ve bawk a (16). Hemi lehlam chiahah hian Civic nation a awm ve leh a. Civic nation-ah hi chuan thisen inzawmna a pawimawh ber tawh lem lo va; tawng inang emaw hnam bil khat emaw vun rawng inang kher pawh a ni tawh lo. Dan pakhat hnuaia duh dan thuhmun mipui te ‘civic nation’ tia chhal an ni a, he civic nation hi a itawmin a duhawm khawpin ka hria. Engpawhni se, he ‘ethnic nation’ leh ‘civic nation’ thliar hrannain a tum nia lang chu ethnic nation kan tihin a huam zau lo lutuk nuai bo te pawh hi a ni maithei e.
‘Civic nation’ pawh hi kan fak viaunaa, mihring te hi chu mahni ngaihdan min tawmpui lote hmu mawh thin kan nih tlat avangin, eng mah hi mihring dan atanga famkim thei reng reng a awm lo. Kum 1572-a France rama thil thleng rapthlak zet te kha ‘civic nationhood’ vang tih loh rual a ni lo. Catholic-te’n Protestant-te an beihna kha a ni a, French Protestants ‘Huguenots’ an tih te kha an tlem hle a, France rama mi cheng 10%-15% chauh an ni. Kha inbeihna ‘St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre’ an tih kha thla thum awh niin mi sing khat atanga sing thumin nunna chan anga chhut a ni. Mitthi zat ringawt pawh mi thiam te Inhnial laih laihna a nih fo avangin a zat chiah chiah tar lan theih a ni lo. He thil thleng lungchhiatthlak zet hi a to bul chhui a buaithlakin a har nek a. Protestant Reformation an tih mai kum zabi 16 bawr chho va Europe khawmualpuia Roman Catholic-ho rin dan atanga penna/inlak hranna runpui thleng atanga inmung daih tawh a ni awm e. Protestantism pawh chuan hmun a fang zau telh telh a, hun kal zelah chuan ram lak duhna (Ram inchuhna ti te pawhin a sawi theih tho vang chu) avangin tharum thawhna a chhuak ta a. Hei ringawt pawh hi ‘civic nation’ rah chhuah vek kha a la ni. Protestant-ho kha tam lo mah se, khawtlanga zah kai takte an nih hlawm avangin chuti maia han en liam ngawt theih kha an ni bik lo va. He inhmuh mawhna avang hian kum 1562 leh 1570 inkarah ringawt pawh hian vawi thum ngawt intih buaina a thleng a ni.
Hetiang teh nuai an nih avangin kum 1570 nipui a thawt laiin khatih laia lal thutthleng luahtu Charles XI chuan Huguenot-te chu inremna a siampui ta a. The Peace of Saint Germain chu August thla kum 1570-ah khan an ziak fel ta a. Chu inremna an ziah chuan Huguenot-te chu France rama khawpui paliah thuneihna a pe a. He thuthlung an ziah hian indona chu a ti tawp ta a, Huguenot-te pawhin zalenna an nei ta a. Chu tak chuan Catholic-ho thinurna a chawk tho ta reng a. He an thinurna kal zel hian St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre an tih kha a hring chhuak ta a ni. Kum 1572 a lo thlen chuan King Charles IX chuan a farnu Margaret chu Protestant mi Prince Henri of Navarre hnenah a hralh. He Catholic leh Protestant te inneih pawlh hian Catholic leh Protestant te inkarah khi awm tih reh nan a ni pakhat a. He inneih lawmna hi France khawpui Paris-ah a ni a, inneih lawm kar tawpah he thil tha lo tak hi a lo thleng a. August ni 24 zing karah chuan French sipai chu Protestant-ho tamna hmunah ”That vek rawh u” tia au chungin an kal a. Hemi ni hi Margaret leh Prince Henri te inneih atanga a ni li-na a nih bakah St. Bartholomew’s Day hma ni chiah a ni.
Sakhuana pawh hi thlir i la, ethnic nation avang hian a ni lo em ni, mahni sakhuaa lak luh kan tum a, thihna leh innghirnghona tam tak he khawvelah a chhuah ni. Sakhaw hrang hrang a awm a, a vuantute hian kan khawvel chhe tawh tak chhanhimna tur a nih a, remna leh muanna thlentir theitu- mamawh chhanna a nih kan rin theuh avangin mi dang hriat ve a, mi dang vawn ve atan kan duhsak luatah kan sakhaw vawn lai ni lo vuantute kan hmu mawh ta thin a, chu chuan kan inlungrualna leh inpawhna a ti chhe thin a, a nghawng zel chu a duhawm lo hle thin a ni. Sakhaw dang betu chu kan hmangaiha kan duhsak em avangin kan sakhua vuan ve turin kan duh a ni ti thin mah i la sakhaw dang betu mitah chuan mahni hmasial niin kan lang thin a, hei chu sakhaw betu hrang hrangte kan inhmuh dan a ni hlawm. Hei hian ethnic nation thatna tam tak kara a famkim lohna a ti lang te pawh kan ti thei awm e.
Hegel-a ngaihdanah chuan hnam tin te hi Pathian-in a thil tumte ti hlawhtling tura a din kan ni a. Chuvangin, hnamte hian kan ramri chhung chauh kan ngaihtuah hi a dik lo va, mihring zawng zawng thatna tura kan ngaihtuahna kan sen a ngai a ni. Entirna tha deuh pakhat a awm a. USA President inthlanna boruak hi khawvelin a ngaihven a, keini ram kilkhawrah pawh theih tawpa mi hriat bak hriat tumin kan hmanhlel thin a nih kha. Heng inthlan boruakah hian ngaihdan pahnih a lo lang thin a; pakhat chu a ngaihven pawl an ni a, pakhat dang leh chu ngaihven tul ti lo pawlte an ni. A hnuhnung zawk pawl ngaihdanah chuan USA chu kan ram pawh a ni loh avangin tu pawh inthlanah chak se min nghawng ve dawn lo va, buaina tur a awm lo tih a ni. He ngaihdan kal zelah chuan kan tana a pawi loh va, min nghawng ve dawn loh phawt chuan mi ram chu lo buai nuai nuai mah se a pawi lo tih a ni. Amaherawhchu, hei hi kan rilru-ah vawng i la, khawvel hi kan vaia chenna a ni a, khawi lai emaw a buai a, khawi hmun emawa mihring nek chepa an awm hian ngaihven i la, kan tih theih tawk kan ti ve tur a ni tih hi a ni. Kan khawvel hi a nghawng chuan min nghawng tihna a ni a, kan mihringpuite hrehawma an awm a, beng kan chhu ngawng a nih chuan he kan mihring mihrinna hi kan phatsan tihna a ni ang.