- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Kum 1984 June thlaa Sikh sakhaw hmunpui ber Amritsar hmuna Golden Temple-a inbeihna kha thenkhatte tan chuan thawnthu hlui a ni tawh ngei ang a, thenkhat dangte tan chuan thawnthu ngaihnawm ala ni reng bawkin a rinawm. Kha Inbeihna (Operation) kha The Golden Temple Crisis tiin emaw Operation Blue Star tiin emaw sawi thin a ni a, mi 1200 vel thihna thlengin India sorkar leh Sikh sakhaw ruihchilhtute inbeihna a ni. Kha inbeihna kha Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister thupek niin Sikh hoin Khalistan State neih tuma an nawr nasat lai huna thleng niin an tum ang ngawt chuan an hmetmit thei hauh lo mai a, a tawpah phei chuan Indira ngei pawh amah vengtu zinga Sikh pa ngei chuan October 1984-ah a kahhlum phah ta hial a nih kha.
SIKH HI TUTE NGE AN NIH
Sikh tih hi Sanskrit tawnga Sishya tih atanga lak niin a awmzia chu ‘zirtir’ tihna a ni. Sikh zirtirna ti chhuak tu chu Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539) niin a tirteah chuan sakhaw hrang din tumna a awm lem lo nain mihring nunphung inkaihhruaina lam zirtir chu a tum ber a ni. Pathian thu chauh hi kan nunna kawngkhar awmchhun a ni tih chu a zirtir tum ber a ni a, he khawvel nun hi ral mai tur niin a ring a, chuvangin Pathian thu chu kawngkhar niin chu chuan he khawvel nun hi min kaihruai tur a ni tih chu a zirtirna laimu a ni. Kum 1556 – 1605 chhunga Monghul Emperor Akbar kha sakhaw zalenna ngaisang mi a nih angin chutih hunlaia Sikh pawl hruaitu Guru Arjunmal (1581 – 1606) hnenah chuan an pawl mite inpawlkhawmna hmun atan Amritsar khaw hmun chu a pe a. Amritsar hmunah chuan Sikh ho chuan zawi zawiin Pathian biakna hmun tur buatsaihin Guru Arjunmal boral hnuin a fapa Guru Har Gobind (1606 – 1645) chuan a ai a rawn awh chho nghal bawk a, a ni hunah hian Sikh ho chuan hmasawnna nasa tak an nei nghe nghe.
Golden Temple tak hi chu Kum 1557, Sikh Guru palina Guru Ram Das hunlaia sak tan niin Guru pangana Guru Arjan Dev hun, kum 1604-a sak zawh a ni thung. Leirawhchan leh Chinai hmanga sak niin Sikh Emperor Maharaja Ranjit Singh chuan a chung chu rangkachak tuiin a luan chhuak vek thung a, hetah hian rangkachak Ton khat lai a hmang nghe nghe a ni. Golden Temple hmun hian a awh zau hle a, a area zawng zawng nen phei chuan 67 Acrea vel lai niin leihnuai lamah pawh mihring chen theihna tura siam niin Hmun thianghlim mai bakah ei leh inna hmun turte leh riah theihna hmun turte pawh a awm vek bawk. Chutianga an Pathian biakna hmun tur an buatsaih mek lai chuan Hindu leh Mosolman sakhaw tan chuan an lo hnawksak tial tial ve bawkin Monghul lam Jehangir phei chuan hnawksak a ti tan hle a. Jehangir aiawhtu a fapa Aurangzeb phei chu Mosolman tana thahnemngai tak mi alo nih bawk avangin Sikh ho chu hnawksak a ti zual hle a, a hnuah phei chuan Guru pakuana Guru Tegbahadur chu a khaihlum hial a ni.
Guru Tebahadur thih hnu chuan a aiawh turin a fapa Guru Govind Singh (1675 – 1708) chu alo chhuak a, a ni hi an Guru hnuhnung ber a ni nghe nghe. A ni hian Sikh inti tawh phawt chu an hming tawpah ‘Singh’ an pu tawh tur a ni tiin thupek a siam a. Singh awmzia chu Sakeibaknei tihna niin an hming tawpa Singh an put chuan Sakeibaknei tluka huaisen an ni tur a ni tihna a ni. Heng bakah hian dan zawm turin Kesh – Sam tan loh tur, Kangha – Samkhuih pai reng tur, Kirpan – Chemte hmawrzum pai reng bawk tur, Kachcha – Kekawr khup lang hak loh tur tih leh Kara – Thir banbun reng tur tih mai bakah Mei zuk loh tur a ti bawk a. Heng dante hi Sikh chuan an zawm ngei ngei tur a ni an ti a, an lal leh hotute zingah pawh zawm thei lo an awm chuan an hrem mai thin. Chutiang taka dan khauh tak an nei chuan anmahniah inpumkhatna a thlen bawkin Sikh ho chu an taima em em a, an huaisen bawk avangin Pandit Nehru hunlai phei chuan duhsakna pawh an dawng tha em em thin a ni.
Aurangzeb alo thiha Monghul lalna alo chauh tan takah chuan Sikh ho chuan phai ram, ram hausa leh eizawnna awlsamna hmun chu an chang pha ve tanin phai zawlah an lut tan a. Lal dangte hneh zelin Sikh ho chuan phaizawlah awmhmun an khuar a, atawpah phei chuan lui lian pui pui panga; Jhelum, Sutlej, Ravi leh Beas luanna ramah lal ber nihna an lo chang thei ta hial a ni. Heng lui panga hming chawi hian an ram chu Punjab (Lui panga ram) tih alo ni ta a ni. Punjab leh a chhehvela Maharaj ranjit Singh lal lai hian India ram hmun thenkhatah chuan Kumpinu sorkar chuan kua an rawn hreuh tan a, Monghul lalte nen pawh an indo fo a, lal thenkhatte chu an rawn hneh bawkin ram an rawn zauh zel a. Maharaj Ranjit Singh nen pawh vawi duai lo an indo a, nimahsela an tlawm mai duh loh avang leh an huaisen em avang chuan Kumpinu sorkar chuan a ngaisang hle a, an tlawm hnuah pawh thian atan siam chho zelin kum 1857-a India rama Hindu leh Mosolman zawng zawngte an hel vek tumah pawh Sikh ho chu an zingah an tel ve duh lo a ni. A hnuah phei chuan Sikh ho tan Regiment hran siamin Kumpinu sorkar nen chuan inthiantha takin an awm zel a, India Independence lo thlen lai khan Sikh ho chuan India sipai zawng zawng zingah hmun thuma thena hmun khat lai an awh hman a ni.
SIKH LEH INDIA ZALENNA
Kumpinu sorkarin India a awp beh hnua Indiain an lak atanga zalenna nei tura a beih lai khan Mosolman ho chuan Hindu sakhaw be tute nena awmho duh loin Mosolman binga awm theihna tur Pakistan an nawr chiam mai a, chutih lai pawh chuan Sikh ho chuan ram dang hawi loin India ram tharah chuan awm hram hram an tum zel a. Chutih laia Congress hruaitu Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad leh Sardar Patel te ngei pawh chuan Sikh sakhaw zuitute ngaihdan chu an thlawp viau bawk a, kum 1946 July thlaa Calcutta khawpuia Congress inkhawmpui lianah phei chuan Nehru chuan ‘Punjab rama mi huaisen tak, Sikh ho chuan a bika ngaihtuah an ngai’ a ti hial a ni. Independence hmuahna tura sorkar lailawk (Interim Government) ah ngei pawh chuan Congress leh Muslim League atanga Minister panga ve ve lak a nih pawh khan Congress chanpual atangin Sikh aiawh Minister hmun pakhat chu ruatin Sardar Baldev Singh chu dah a ni.
Amaherawhchu India ramin zalenna a neih rual rualin Pakistan pawh alo piang a, chumi rual chuan Punjab leh Bengal pawh a laiah phel phawk a ni bawk a. Punjab khawthlang lam zawng leh an khawpui, khawpui mawi leh thianghlim leh nuama an ngaih Lahore nen Pakistan ta a lo ni tain chulam chu Hindu leh Sikh milian tak tak awmna hmun a ni nghe nghe. Mosolman hoin Pakistan an nawr luih tlatna chhan ngaihtuahin Hindu leh Sikh tan Pakistan ram thara khawsak zel chu beisei ngam chi rual a ni si lo a, an hlauhthawn ang ngeiin Pakistan lo pianni atang chuan India ram lam panin Hindu leh Sikh ho chu an tlanchhe tan ta a. Mosolman inchei dana incheite ngei pawh chu an thawmhnaw inphelh tirin an serh tan a nih leh nih loh thlengin finfiah an nih zel bawk avang chuan nunna humhim duhin a theih dan danin tlanchhiat alo ngai a, a then kein, a then lirtheiin, a thenin Rel hmangtein India ram lam an pan ta hlawm a ni.
India chuan zalenna a neih rual rualin Constitution a buatsaih nghal a tul a, mithiam rualin an theihtawp chhuaha an buaipui hnu chuan kum hnih chhunga peih hman niin Jan. 26, 1950-ah Constitution thar chu hman tan a ni a. Nimahsela he Constutition thar hman tan a nih hma chiaha Constituent Assembly member zawng zawngin hming sign hnan tur a nih laiin Sikh sakhaw humhalhna tha tawk a awm loa hriatna avangin Constituent Assembly-a Sikh aiawh member pahnihte, Sardar Hukum Singh leh Bhupindar Singh Mann te chuan an sign ve duh ta lo a. Constitution thar pawh chu hman a ni ta tho nain Hindu leh Sikh karah erawh boruak a awm chho reng a, a bik takin Punjab lamah phei chuan harsatna neuh neuh a awm chho reng a ni. Nehru ngei pawh chuan Punjab buaina neuh neuh chu chinfel tum viau thin mahsela harsa a ti viau thin a, an rilru tihpenna atan Green Revolution a kalpuiin Punjab lamah chuan Buhfai ei ngai lo mahsela Buh a chin tirin hmun danga thawnchhuah tham khawpin Buh hi an tharchhuak nghe nghe a ni.
Nehru chu May 27, 1964-ah a boralin Lalbahadur Shastri chuan a ai a rawn awh a, nimahsela a ni pawh chu dam rei loin Punjab buaina pawh engmah a chingfel hman bik ta chuang lo a. Indira Gandhi chu kum 1966 atangin Prime Minister a rawn ni chho ve leh a, a ni hi chuan hmingthat duhin apa tih ngam loh Punjabi tawng bik hmanna State thar chu a rawn pe ta a. Chutih rual chuan Hindi tawng liau liau hmanna Haryana State pawh din alo tul bawk avangin chu pawh chu a tihlawhtling nghal bawk a. Thenkhatte lawmin kutbeng ring hle mahsela buaina chu a fel chuang hauh lo a, buaina a intan dawn chauh zawk emaw tih mai tur a ni. An khawpui Lahore chu an chanin Pakistan chu alo chang tawh bawk a, khawpui thar, Chandigarh leh Bhubaneswar khawpui design tu French Architect Le Corbusier ruai meuha an sak, an lo chhuan em em mai lah chu Haryana chuan alo chuhpui ve tlat mai bawk siin Rajasthan pawhin a rawn chuhpui ve bawk avangin buaina chu a intan dawn chauh emaw tih tur a ni zawk a.
Sorkar laipui chuan a ngaihtuah turin Commission dinin Supreme Court roreltu hlui Justice J.C. Shah ruatin chinfel han tum viau thin mahsela anni chuan an pawm lo ve vein Justice J.C. Shah ngei pawhin Punjab leh Haryana buaina hi Politics thil a ni a ti mawlh mawlh bawk avang chuan Indira Gandhi pawh chuan Haryana leh Punjab sorkar kutah chuan an harsatna chu a hlan ta zawk a ni. State pahnih chuan uluk taka an ngaihtuah hnuin; Chandigarh khawpui chu Punjab lamin chang sela, Luipui pathum – Sutlej, Beas leh Ravi chu Punjab leh Haryana leh Rajasthan hian a inzat theuhin insem rawh se an han ti a. Chu erawh Punjab tan pawm rual a ni bawk si lo a, Sikh aia Hindu ho duhsak a ngaihna lian tak a awm bawk. Punjab State a pian lai hian Punjab State chhunga mihring cheng za zela sawm ruk leh pahnih (62%) chu Sikh an ni a, chuti chung chuan Hindi tawng hmangin reiloteah sorkarna an chang thei mai dawnin an hre bawk a ni.
Hnam inkaihhruaina reng reng sakhaw inzirtirnaa a inthlun luh tlat avangin an Biak In ropui ber Golden Temple dinhmun pawh a pawimawh em em a, Kristian te tan Kalvari tlang leh Kross a pawimawh ang bawkin Sikh ho tan pawh Amritsar hmuna Rangkachak Temple chu a pawimawh a ni. Chuvangin Sikh zingah chuan anmahni puala hmala turin Akali Dal pawl alo ding a, anni chuan Politics ang pawha kal loin Sikh ho tan ke an pen thin a, an pathian biakna hmun ber Golden Temple ngei pawh chu Akali Dal enkawl a ni. Pathian chibai an bukin sum leh pai mai bakah rangkachak leh thil hlu dangte kengin Temple-ah chuan an hlan thin a, nitina mi sang telin chutianga an thil hlu an hlan zel si chuan Temple enkawltu nih pawh chu thil chakawm tak a ni a. Akali Dal chuan Temple enkawltu turin Sikh Gurdwara reng reng chu a thlana thlan ni sela kum nga dana thlan ni bawk rawh se an ti ta hial a. A hnu lamah phei chuan Akali Dal hi Politics lamah pawh inrawlhin Punjab State puitling a nih hnuah hian sorkarna tum hnih an chang tawh nghe nghe a ni.
Chutiang taka Akali Dal alo len takah chuan Indira Gandhi sorkar nen chuan an karah boruak neuh neuh a awm reng bawkin State sorkar chu thuneihna sang zawk pe turin an nawr reng a, kum 1973-a Anandpur hmuna khawmpui an neihnaah phei chuan Sorkar laipui hian Defense, Foreign Affairs Communication leh Currency chauh chang sela a dang zawng chu State sorkar thuneihna ni rawh se an ti hial a ni. Akali Dal chuan tum hnih sorkarna chang tawhin kum 1971 leh 1980-ah pawh an sorkarna chu a huntawp hmain Indira sorkar chuan a tihtawp sak chu an lung a awi thei lo a. Chutiang chuan buaina a awm reng avang chuan Sikh ho chuan an sakhaw himna atan tiin anmahni hlanga awmna turin Khalistan State sual chhuah an tum ta hial a ni.
GOLDEN TEMPLE
Sikh ho pathian biakna hmun pui ber Golden Temple hi Amritsar hmuna awm niin phaizawl zau tak hmun a ni a. Kawngkhar zau tak tak, tawlailirte pawh an tlan luh zung zung theihna tur khawpa zau chu hmar lamah a awm a. A lai taka dil lian tak awm bawkin chu dil lai takah chuan an pathian biakin hmun pawimawh ber Harmandar Sahib an tih chu an sa bawkin rangkachak leh tangkarua veka luan a ni. A dil kam kil khatah mikhual thlen buk Dharam Halas an sa phei thluah bawk a, chung zinga pawimawh berte chu Guru Nanak Niwas leh Guru Ramdas Niwas a ni. A kiang velah chuan In lian tak tak sak a ni bawkin kawttual zau tak a awm bawk a. A ruala mi sang tel chaw ei theihna tur khawpa zau hmun an buatsaih bawkin dil kam lehlamah chuan Sikh sakhaw lama thuneitu ber Akal Takht Office a awm bawk a ni.
Sikh sakhaw hruaitu atan kum 1980-ah Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale chu thlan a niin a ni hi Akali Dal aia firfiak zawka che duh mi a ni. Golden Temple chhunga khualbuk pakhat Guru Nanak Niwas ah chuan inkhuarin chuta tang chuan nitinin sorkar sawiselna chu huai tak takin a puang chhuak thin a, pathian biakna hmun pawimawh a nih tlat si avangin Police te lah chuan ngaimawh thin hle mahsela an khawih phak si lo. Kum 1983 alo thlen meuh chuan sorkar nawrna atan April 4, 1983 atangin ‘Rasta Roko’ an huaihawt a. Chumi awmzia chu Punjab ram chhunga lirthei reng reng kal tir khap tlat tur tihna a ni. Rasta Roko chu hlawhtling taka an neih hnuin ‘Rel Roko’ buatsaih leh an tum a, India rama Rel tlan reng reng chawlh tir vek an tum a ni. Chu erawh an tihlawhtling hman ta lo a. Boruak a han reh deuh hlek a, May 1983 chuan Police DIG, Avtar Singh chu tawngtai tur Golden Temple a lut tur chu Guru Nanak Niwas atanga silai puak chuan a rawn kap thlu tawp mai a, ka pawh chhawn loin a boral nghal a ni. Chuta tang chuan buaina dang a rawn piang leh ta a.
Avtar Singh thihna chu inpuhmawh tawnin Sikh ho tihhmingchhiatna atana Sorkar tih a ni ti an awm a, Punjab sorkar chuan sipai tam zawk dilin Punjab IGP atan Pritam Singh Bhinder chu a rawn ruat nghal bawk a. Amah hi Sikh a nih bawk avangin boruak hmetmit thei tur bera ngaih a ni a, nimahsela buaina chu a kiam mai chuang loin Bank rawkte pawh nitinin a thleng reng tho a. Punjab sorkarin harsatna nasa tak alo tawh bawk avangin President Rule tura dah a ni nghe nghe a ni. President Rule hnuaia dah a nih rual rualin an MLA zawng zawngte pawh chu an bang nghal vek a, Governor atan B.D. Pande ICS chu dah a niin a ni pawh chuan Punjab mipui enkawl chu harsa a tiin a lu a hai ve thin hle mai bawk.
OPERATION BLUE STAR
June 2, 1984 alo thlen meuh chuan Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chuan India mipui zawng zawngte hriat turin thupuan a nei a, a thupuanah chuan Punjab ram buainain ram a tihchhiat nasat tawh zia te, sorkarin chinfel tuma tha leh zung alo sen tam tawh ziate, Central sorkar lu hai ziate a sawiin a tawpah phei chuan Punjab ramah hian thisen chhuahna thleng tawh lo sela a duh thu a sawi hial a ni. Chumi a sawi zan la la hian Punjab lama sipai thahnemtham tak tir nghalin Chanchinbu mite pawh sorkar remtihna lo chuan engmah chhuah lo tura ti bawkin Punjab State pumpui pawh Curfew a ni bawk a ni. Tichuan sorkar laipui chuan Sikh firfiakte tawmna hmun ber Golden Temple luhchhuah turin ruahmanna a siam nghal a, chumi kaihhruai tur chuan Lt. General Ranjit Singh Dayal chu ruat a ni.
Hemi zanah vek hian Golden Temple luhchhuah tumin sipaite hian ralthuam nen fimkhur takin an bei a. Temple chhung lam atang chuan Light Machine Gun, Mortar, Anti-Tank Rocket, Rocket Launcher, Mines leh Grenade-te nen chuan an theihtawpin an lo bei let bawk a. Nasa taka inkapin a khawi lam ve veah pawh chuan nunna chan an awm reng bawk a. Sipai ho chuan Silai pangngai mai ni lo, Artillery (Laipui) nen meuha an han beih chuan firfiak ho chuan rei an dawl lo hle mai, June ni 2 atanga ni 8 thlenga chawl loa inbeih char char chuan hmanraw nei tha zawk nge nge chu an dingchang zawkin hnehna an chang ta zawk a. A tawpah chuan mi 22 te chu banpharin an rawn inpe a, inkahna chu tihtawp a ni ta a ni. India sipai lam hi mi 700 vel thi nia hriat a niin Sikh ho lam pawh 500 bawr vel thi an awm nia hriat a ni. Golden Temple chhungah hian ralthuam chi hrang hrang; Silaimu powder Quintal 300, 303 Rifle mu 2000, Silaimu dang 10000 aia tam, Light Machine Gun 47, SLR 47, 303 Rifle 247, Ulhbun leh Tukuli 60 aia tam, Garbing 9, Revolver Pistol 74, Rocket Launcher 1, Hand Grenade 561, Smoke Grenade 33 leh Medium Machine Gun 2-te an man tel bawk a ni.
Chutia Sikh lamte an tlawm takah chuan zawi zawiin boruak tihdaih a ni bawkin Curfew pawh thlahdul hret hret a ni a. Golden Temple ngei pawh chu June 27, 1984 atangin zing dar ruk atanga dar kua thlengin mipui tlawh theih tura hawn a ni leh a. Chuti chung chuan Governor dah thar chuan banna a thehlut a, IGP pawhin hmun danga insawn alo dil bawk a, an buaina chuan reh a tum mai lo a ni ang tih a rin theih. July 10, 1984 ah chuan Central sorkar chuan Punjab chungchang ziakna White Paper chu a tichhuak a, phek 200 laia chhah niin Sikh extremists thiltih chi hrang hrang puangin sorkar thiltihte pawh kimchang takin a sawi lang a. Heng bakah hian Golden Temple chhunga ralthuam an mante pawh a thlalak nen tarlangin Rangkachak 5.4 Kgs, Silver 1.14 Kgs, Lunghlu 1.44 Kgs an mante pawh ziah lan vek a ni.
(Remchang dangah Indira Gandhi hun hnuhnung lam chanchin hi kan la ziak leh dawn a nia)