- Laiu Fachhai
Inthlanaa thlantlin ni turin ram thenkhat chuan Plurality System an zui a, thenkhatin Majority System an zui ve thung a. Majority Systemah chuan vote chhiar zawng zawng atanga chhut a, 100 a 50+ hmu candidtate chu hnehtua (winner) puan a ni thin. Tumahin 50+% vote an hmuh loh chuan winner an awm lo tihna a ni, mipui tam zawk vote (50+%) hmu lo candidate chu a bial leh ram aiawh (representative) atan an pawm theih loh avangin.
Entirnan, Siaha MLA Constituency chuan candidate pali nei ta sela. Vote tla zawng zawng 25,000 ni ta se, candidate tumahin majority vote (vote 12,501) an hmuh loh chuan, Majority Systemah chuan hnehtu (winner) an awm lo tihna a ni. Vote hmu sang ber pahnih an thlang ang a, chumi pahnihte atang chuan duh an thlang leh dawn a ni. Hei hi runoff election an ti a. Pahnih zingah pawh chuan 50+% vote hmu an awm loh chuan, an vote tha leh dawn a ni. He sytem hi USA, etc ramten an hmang. He systemah chuan, mipui tam zawk ina an duh ngei thlantlin an ni thin.
Plurality Systemah erawh chuan, majority vote hmuh a ngai lo. First past the post system hmangin vote hmu tam ber candidate chu winnera puan a ni mai. Entirnan, Siaha MLA Constituencyah vote 25,000 a tla a, candidate A in vote 6,500 a hmu a, candidate B in vote 6,000, candidate C in vote 7,000, candidate D in vote 5,500 hmu ta se, Plurality Systemah chuan candidate C hi winner niin MLA a ni thei. A vote hmuh zat erawh chu 100 a 28 (28%) chauh a ni. Amah duhtu chu 100 a 28, mihring 25,000ah 7,000 chauh an ni a, duh lotute chu 100 a 72 (72%) lai an ni. Mihring 25,000ah absolute majority, 18,000 laiin an duh lo tihna a ni.
Chuvangin Plurality Systemah chuan, bial mipui tam zawkin an duh loh candidate chu MLA a nih theih a, ram emaw state emaw pumpuia chhutin vote tla zawng zawng atanga 50+% hmu lo partyin sawrkarna a siam thei a ni. Chutiang sawrkar chu voterte mita a lan dan (perspective) atang chuan minority sawrkar a nihna a awm. Plurality System hi Parliamentary System hmang UK, India, etc ten kan hman mek system a ni.
Mizoram bik thlir ta ila. Union Territory leh State kan nih hnu hian, tum khat chauh mipui tam zawkina kan duh leh kan vote, majority sawrkar kan nei. Chu chu UT kan hmuh tira 1972 inthlan kum kha a ni. Independent candidate-ten seat 30-ah 24 lain, popular vote 67.55% lai hmuin sawrkarna an siam. Khami hnuah chuan, Mizoram mipui tam zawkin kan duh leh kan vote sawrkar kan nei leh tawh ngai lo. Mipui tam zawkina an duh loh (minority) sawrkar kan nei reng thin a ni. Kum 1978 MPC sawrkar khan popular vote 37.47% chauh a hmu a, 1979 MPC sawrkarin 32.67%, 1984 Congress sawrkar 39.81%, 1987 MNF sawrkar 43.31%, 1989 Congress sawrkar 34.85%, 1993 Congress sawrkar 33.10%, 1998 MNF+MPC sawrkar 45.43%, 2003 MNF sawrkar 31.69%, 2008 Congress sawrkar 40.03%, 2013 Congress sawrkar 44.3%, 2018 MNF sawrkar 37.7%. Centrala kan sawrkar hrawn mek BJP sawrkar pawh hi Lok Sabha MP 303 lai a nei a, mahse popular vote chu 37.36% chauh a hmu a ni. Chuvangin minority sawrkar a nihna lai a awm ve.
United States of America angah te chuan Presidential Form of Government-in an kal a, sawrkar branch pathum – Executive, Legislative leh Judiciary te chu an hna leh a mihring pawh a hran thlapin an awm a ni. Executive branchah chuan President leh Vice President (Stateah Governor, Lt Governor, etc) te chauh mipui thlantlin an ni a, cabinet post leh post lian dangte chu President-in nomination a siam a, Senate-in an pawmpui hnuah appointment pek an ni mai thin. Mipui thlantlin dangte – Senatorte leh Representative-te chu Executive Branch-ah Secretary (Minister), etc an ni ve thei lo. Inthlannaa party candidate tur siam dawnin, party liante chuan primary election an neih hmasa thin a, conventionah kal palaiten an vote a, hetah pawh hian Majority System hmangin an party candidate tur an thlang tlangpui thin. Chuvangin hotute (High Command) duhsak lohna avanga ticket chang lo phunnawina tur a tam lo a ni.
Parliamentary System hmang UK, India, etc ramteah erawh chuan mipui tam zawkina an vote lo a sawrkar thei chu thu hran ni se, MLA leh MP te hi Sawrkar Branch pahnih, Executive leh Legislative ah an tel ve ve thei tlat a a, conflict of interest te a awmd thei a ni. Chuvangin Plurality System hian thatna a nei rualin that lohnate a nei ve a ni. That lohna dang leh pakhat chu, sawrkarna siam thei turin MP leh MLA majority nei a ngai a, party malin majority an neih loh chang chuan horse-trading tenawm tak a awm thin a ni. Chutianga majority nei loten sawrkarna an siam theih dan leh, horse-trading awm thin te hi MP Shashi Tharoor chuan a democracy lo hlea ngaiin, he thil hi pumpelh nan India hian Presidential Form of Government leh Majority System hmang tawh turin rawtna a siam a (Indian Express July 25, 2020). Indiaa mithiam circle-ah chuan sawi hlawh thil ni mahse, dan tidanglam theitu politiciante circle-ah erawh chuan ngaihtuah a hlawh vak lo awm e.
USA chuan zalenna an hmuh khan an colonial master UK kal dan Constitutional Monarchy system chu kalsanin full democracy ram din an tum a ni. Common Wealth-ah pawh an tel lo. India erawh chuan kan colonial masterte kha kan la ngaisang hle niin a lang. An kal dan zawng zawng deuh thawhin kan copy vek a ni mai hi maw. Constitutional Monarchy sysatema Lal leh Vice Royal (Governor General) te dinhmunah President leh Governor te kan dah a. Hetiang system hi check and balance atan thatna eng emaw chen a neih rualin, thuneihna tak tak an kutah a awm si lo a, tax payerte sum tiral thlawnna a nihna lai a awm. Chuvangin Pu Shashi Tharoor-in emaw, MP dangte in emaw, Parliamentary System leh Plurality System kan hmang mekte hi en tha leh a, siamthat (amend) tur pawimawhte siamthat rawtnate siam leh sela, national debate neih a tha hle ang.
Kumin 2023 Mizoram General Election-ah pawh hian, bial khatah party pali pangate atangin candidate pali panga an awm leh ang a, independent candidate-te pawh an awm leh ang. Chuvangin bial tinah hian, bial mipui tam zawkin an vote loh leh an duh loh candidate-te an tling leh maithei a, minority sawrkar kan nei leh maithei a ni. Chutichuan anmahni vote lotu majorityte phunnawina tur a tam leh hle dawn a ni. Chuvangin sawrkar siamtu party chuan Ruling Bial leh Opposition Bial tia thliarhranna nei lo a, dikna leh rinawmna nunpui chunga State pum huapzova rualkhai takin ram rawngbawl hna an thawh chuan, anmahni vote lotu majorityte rilru leh thinlung pawh an hneh thei ang a, ram kalsiam hnaah thawhpuitu an nei tam thei dawn a ni.