• Prof Chawngkhuma Chawngthu

KAMKEUNA

Vawiin June 30,2023 “Remna Ni” cham vawi 37-na kan thleng thei hi a lawmawm hle a. Siaha District mipui remna ni lawmna programmea lo tel zawng zawng “Remna NI” pualin chibai ka buk a che u.

Khawvela tawngkam mawi leh ngaihthlak nuam ber pakhat chu “Inremna” thu hi a ni a. Inremna hi chung lam atanga Pathian thilpek hringfate’n kan dawn hlu tak a ni a. A khingpui indona leh inpawngnekna hi chu nasa taka tuarna leh channa mai a ni thung.

Inremna tih hi mithiamte’n kawng hrang hrangin an hrilfiah thin a. A awmzia chu,”Indona leh tharum thawhna bansanin, innghirnghona leh thlabarna lak ata chawlna hi” a ni. Inremna hi sum leh paia lei theih a ni lo va, chakna leh thil tih theihna hmanga neih chi a ni hek lo. Mahni inphatin, mi dangte tana inpekna te, inrintawnna leh thawhhona tha atang chauha neih thei a ni.

RAM BUAI HMA MIZORAM POLITIC DINHMUN

India ramin Independence a hmuh hma April 9, 1946 khan Mizorama Political Party ding hmasa ber, Mizo Union chu din a ni a. July 7, 1947- ah United Mizo Freedom Organization (Zalen Pawl) din niin, Mizo National Front (MNF) hi October 28, 1961 –ah din a ni a. August 10, 1962- ah Mizo District Congress Committee din a ni.

Heng Political Party zinga lian ber chu Mizo Union a ni a, a thil tum pawimawh tak chu Mizorama Lalte ban tir leh Mizoram chu State a hlankai a ni. Tichuan India Independence hnu kum 1952 January thlaah Mizo District Council hruaitu inthlanna hmasa ber neih a ni a. Mizo Union chuan chakna a chang a. April 26, 1952 -ah Mizo District Council chu Assam Chief Minister Bishnu Ram Medhi chuan a rawn hawng a, District Council Session hmasa ber chu June 23,1952 khan neih a ni.

Mizo District Council-ah hian MDC 18 leh ruat seat 6 an awm a. Chairman leh Deputy Chairman bakah Chief Executive Member (CEM) leh Executive Member (EM) 4 an awm bawk. Hengho hi ram rorelna lama thuneitu an ni a. Dan leh thupek lamah chuan Deputy Commisioner leh Superintendent of Police an awm thung. Hetih lai hian kum 1953-ah, Lai leh Mara te tan Regional Council hran siam a ni a, Regional Councilah chuan MDC 12 an awm bawk. Mizoram chu Assam sawrkar hnuai-ah awmin District Council 13-na kan ni.

Chung lai chuan mihring pawh kan la tlem hle a, kum 1951 chhiarpuiah mihring awm zat chu 1,96,202/a ni. In leh lo din chungchangah leh ei leh bar zawn thuah pawh kan la hniam hle a. Aizawl leh Lungleiah College a awm a,ram pumah Govt High School pahnih chauh a awm bawk. Aizawl leh Lunglei -ah Jeep a kal thei a, a bak chu kea kal ngai vek a ni a. Khua lah chu a la tlem si a, ram kan la daidar si lo va,ramsa hlauhawm tak tak Sakei, Savawm leh Chinghia an la tam hle a. Mahse kan khawtlang nun chu a ralmuang hle thung.

MIZO NATIONAL FRONT (MNF) TOBUL

Mizoram chu ei leh bar zawnna kawngah te, in leh lo din thuah kan hniamzia leh Assam sawrkarin min ngaihsak tawk lohzia hriain, dinhmun tha zawka hlankai kan nih beiseina avangin October 28, 1961 (Inrinni zan) inkhawm banah, Pu Laldenga In Tuikhuahtlang Aizawl-ah Mizo National Front (MNF) chu ram lehhnam veitu mi pariat (8) kalkawmin an din a. MNF din chungchangah hian ziaktu tam thenkhatin, “Mizoramah 1959 khan mau a tam avangin tam a tla vak mai a. Mautam avanga tamtla chu a lo ziaawm nan tiin “Mizo Famine Front”(Tam Do Pawl) din a ni a. A hnuah “Famine’ tih chu paihin”Mizo National Front” hi din a ni e” tiin an sawi thin a.

Mahse MNF dintute zinga mi Pu C.Hermana chuan tiang hian a ziak a. “Kan pawl hming atan enge ni ang tih kan sawiho a.Sawi hmasa berah tangin Pu Denga chuan,” Kei chu United State of America President John F. Kennedy-a party hming ‘Democrat’ an tih khu mawi ka ti a, kan party hming atan pawh hian, “Mizo National Democratic Party” ni ta se, ‘Democrat tiin kan ko mai ang a”a tha phian lo maw” a ti a.Kan veteran politician Pu R Vanlawma chuan, “Kei chu kan khawchhak lam unaute’n “Nationalist”an invuah thin hi mawi ka riau mai a. Kan party hmingah chuan “Mizo Nationlist Party” ti ta zawk ila,duh leh Nationalist kan inti hlauh mai ang a,a rawn ti ve a. Kan Chairman hnenah chuan rawtna siam ve ka duh thu hrilhin, “Pu Denga leh Pu Lawma rawt tawhsaah khan Mizo National an tih ve ve kha pawmsakin,a hmawrah khan”Front’ tih vuahzawm ta mai ila, tichuan kan pawl hming chu, “Mizo Hnam Hmahruaitu” tih emaw, ‘Mizo Hnam Sulsutu”tih emawa hriat a lo ni tawh ang a, a tha phian lawng maw,ka han ti a. Kan thiante chuan, ‘a tha e’ an tih hnuah Pu Laldenga pawh chuan kan meeting Secretary hnenah, “:Kan pawmtlang thei a nih hi maw, i minute buah khan ziaklut phawt mai teh’ tiin a hrilh a.Kan Meeting Secretary Pu Rohnuna chuan “MIZO NATIONAL FRONT” tiin a ziaklut ta nghal a.Tichuan kan party hming chu Pu Laldenga leh Pu Vanlawma te nen kan pathumin kan inphuah tawm a nih tak ber chu {Zoram Buai Lai Khan, C.Hermana 2015 p: 14).

MNF chuan Mizoramin mahnia rorelna kan neih theih nan kawng hrang hrangin hmalak a ni a.Kum 1962 India Repuplic Day Boycot a ni a. Kum 1965 October 20 khan India Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Guahatia a rawn kal laiin Pu Laldenga President leh Pu S Lianzuala General Secretary hmingin Memorandum thehluh a ni a. An memorandumah hian Mizoram tan Independence neih a tul thu tarlan a ni.

MIZORAM BUAI

February 28, 1966 zanah MNF chuan Independence a puang a. Mizoram Sawrkar {Provisional Govt of Mizoram ) din a ni a. Aizawl, Lunglei bakah hmun thenkhata India sipaite chu beih an ni a. March 2, 1966-ah India sawrkarin Mizoram chu rambuaiah puangin “Armed Forced Special Act” (AFSPA) hman nghal a ni.

March 4, 1966- ah Silchar atangin India sipai tam tak Mizoramah an rawn lut a. March Ni 5-6. 1966 ah India Jet Fighter pahnih Toofani leh Hunter chuan Aizawl, Hnahlan, Tuipuibari, Khawzawl, Sangau, Marpara kapin Bomb- te a thlak a. March 6,1966-ah India sipaiin Aizawl an lut a, March 13,1966-ah Lunglei lutin March 15,1966-ah Champhaiah an lut thung.

Kum 1967 bul lam atangin khaw sawikhawm,Kolasib tlangdung lamah kalpui a ni a,”Protected & Progresive Village” (PPV) tih a ni. Khaw sawikhawm hi kum 1968 atangin Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah kalpui a ni a. Hei hian Mizo nunphung nasa takin a tidanglam a.Mitdel Pu Suakliana chuan “Kan hun tawng zingah khawkhawm a pawi ber mai” tih hla a phuah hial a ni. Hetianga khaw sawikhawm lai hian zan lam dar 6 atangin zing lam dar 5 thleng Curfew a ni a. Nun a raltiin tlangvalho an khawhar thei hle a. Lunglei Rahsiveng tlangval Rammawia chuan “Aw lunglen Curfew karah hian,Tuar a har hrilh ka thiam zo lo ve,Hmana Zoram nun leh chim loh thadangi zun, Ngaih hian chinlem a nei thei dawn lo”tiin hla a lo phuah hial a ni.

INREMNA LAMTLUANG

Mizoramah remna leh muanna a lo awm theihna turin, mimal,pawl, Kohhran,Political Party leh sawrkar aiawh atangin hmalakna kawng hrang hrang a awm nual a, chung zinga a langsar zual chu lo tar lang ila.

1. March 12, 1966-ah Aizawlah Citizen Committee din a ni a, March 21, 1966 khan Lungleiah pawh Citizen Committee hi din a ni bawk a. He Committee-ah hian Kohhran hruaitu leh mi pawimawh tak tak member atan ruat an ni a. India sipai leh mipui inkara remna siamtu tangkai tak an ni.
2. Mizoram Synod Kohhran leh Mizoram Baptist kohhran hmalakin July 14, 1966 khan Aizawl-ah Christian Peace Committee din a ni.
3. December 28,1968 khan Mizo District Congress Committee din a ni a, ‘Remna Palai Congress’ tih a ni.
4. May 29, 1972 Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee chuan Delhi-ah remna palai a tir.
5. Octobe 4,1974 khan Aizawl Press Club-ah Peace Advisory Committee din a ni a.
6. Inremna kawnga hma la turin April 27, 1977 khan Aizawlah Janata Party din a ni a. Party aiawhte’n Pu Laldenga Dew Delhiah an hmu.
7. Mizo Zirlai Pawl (MZP) hmalakin India Independence Day August 15,1979 chu a hrana hman a ni a. MZP hian Remna leh Muanna a awm theih nan nasa takin hma a la.
8. August 12,1981 khan PC ‘B’ MLA mi 4 an bang a, chung te chu; Pu Rothuama,Pu Lalthanzauva, Pu Ngurchhina leh Pu Lalupa te an ni. Inremna duh vanga MLA bangte hi an chhuanawm hle.
9. Mizoramah remna leh muanna a awm theih nan Janata Party leh People Conference “B” chu thiatin April 2.1982 khan Mizo Convention din a ni.
10. June 15,1982 khan Mizoram Kohhran hrang hrang aiawh an inhmukhawm a.July ni 30 hah Zoram Kohhran Hruaitu Committee (ZKHC) din a ni.
11. Mizo Students Union Shillong hmalakin kum December 30,1982- ah Mizoram Peace Forum (MPF)din a ni a.He pawl hi August 4,1983 khan Political Party-ah leh a ni.
    12.March 1983 khan ZKHC aiawh Pu VL Rawna chuan inremna thu sawi turin Pu Laldenga Londonah a hmu.
12. Mizo Convention Party chuan Londona awm Pu Laldenga hmu turin, February 1984 khan Pu Lalthanzauva EX MLA leh Pu K,Lalhnuna UN Peace Keepin Force-a lo tang tawh, a tir a, Pu Laldenga thusawi Video Casset an rawn hawn.
13. Mizoram Congress tirhin Pu Lalduhawma chuan Pu Laldenga Londona awm chu March 1984 khan a hmu a, Pu Laldenga thusawi Video Casset a rawn hawn.

INREMNA THUTHLUNG

MNF leh India sawrkar aiawhte hian Inremna thuthlung hi tum li (4) ziak a ni a, chungte chu:

1. MNF President leh India sawrkar aiawh Home Secretary,Mizoram Governor leh Joint Secretary te Febuary 18,1976 khan an inbia a. He inbiaknaah hian point pariat (8) chhawpchhuah niin, Mizoram chu India ram bung khat a nih pawmin,Mizoram buai chu India danpui (Constitution) chhungah chinfel ni se tih a ni.
2. July 1,1976 khan MNF President Pu Laldenga leh India Home Secretary S.LKhurana,Mizoram Governor S.K Chibber leh M.L Kampani Joint Secretary (North East) ten Culcutta-ah inremna turin hming an ziak a. Hei hi Culcutta Convention tia hriat a ni.
3. June 25,1985 khan Pu Laldenga lMNF President leh Pu Arjun Singh General Secretary Congress (I) ten,Mizoramah Interim sawrkar a din theihna turin New Delhi-ah hming an ziak a. He inremna hi India ram hmun danga thil thleng ngai lo a ni a, a chhinchhinchhiah tlak hle. He inremna a thuziak point khat chauh han tarlang ila. “On a date agreed to between Shri Laldenga and Govt of India, Shri Lalthanhawla, the present Congress (I) Chief Minister will submit his resignation and Shri Laldenga will be elected leader of Mizoram and be sworn in as the Chief Minister of there”
4. June 30,1986 (vawin ni angah hian), India sawrkar aiawh Union Home Secretary RD Pradan, MNF aiawh Pu Laldenga leh Mizoram sawrkar aiawh Pu Lalkhama Chief Secretary te chuan New Delhiah Inremna Thuthlung an ziak a. He inremna hi “Mizo Peace Accord” tia hriat a ni.

INREMNA RAHTE

“There never a good war or a bad peace” (Indona tha hi a awm ngai lo va,inremna chhia pawh a awm ngai hek lo) tiin Benjamin Franklin, America pa thuthiam leh ziaktu ropui chuan a lo sawi a. A ni taka a,Mizoram Inremna pawh hi sawiseltu han awm ve mah se, a tha hle a. He inremna hian rah tha tam tak a chhuah a ni.

June 30,1986 Inremnaah khan MNF lam tih tur leh India/Mizoram sawrkar tih tur a awm a, chung zinga a langsar zual chu lo tar lang ila.

1. MNF thil tih
   a) July 23,1986 khan MNF chu Tectical Hqrs Sajek Valley Bangladesh atangin Mizoram panin an lo chhuak a, June 25 1986 khan Mizoram Pharva khua an thleng a,an vaiin mi 581 an ni.
   b). MNF-te’n an ralthuam Pharva khuaa an tunte chu: Light Machineguns,Spandu Guns,Rocket Launchers,Self loading Rifles 180, China siam Rifles, Semi automatic Rifles,Sten guns, 2” Mortar, Carbine Pistol leh tualchher Silai, a vaiin 303.
   c). MNF rammu lo chhuakte’n Aizawl an pan lai hian khaw hrang hrangah mipuiin parparthi nen an lo hmuak a,mipui lawm an hlawh hle a.Ni 2. 8. 1986 (Inrinni)-ah Aizawl khawpui lutin , Remna Run Lunangmual Aizawlah dah an ni.
   d). June ni 30,1986 a Remna thuthlung ziah atangin MNF-te’n khawi hmunah mah buaina leh harsatna an siam hriat a ni lo.
   e).MNF te hian India rama hel pawl hrang hrangte hnenah eng ralthuam mah pek an neih thu hriat a ni lo
   f). Kum 2004 khan MNF Constitution hi Amended (tihdanglam) a ni.
   (NB. MNF hian inremna thuthlunga inziak a tih tura tar lante hi tha takin a zawm vek a ni)
2. Sawrkar thil tih
   a). Aizawl Luangmual Berampu Tlangah Remna run sak a ni.
   b). MNF Returnee mimal tin hnenah chhawmdawlna sum Rs 20,000/ kum 1986-ah pek a ni.
   c). Chenna tur In sak tanpuina kum 1988 –ah Rs 10,000/ pek a ni a,kum 1995-ah Rs 10,000/ pek a ni bawk.
   d). Kum 2014 hmalamah, MNF Returnee mimal tin hnena sum pek chu a vaiin Rs 114,820/ a ni.
   e). Kum 2019 hma lamah Returnee sawrkar hna pek zawng zawng hi mi 667 an ni a, tah hian mi 29 hi Group ‘B’ (Non Gazetted) an ni a,mi 312 Group ‘C’ leh Group ‘D’ mi 326 an ni.
   F). August 2,1986 khan Aizawl Luangmual Remna Run bula “ Remna Lung phun a ni a. He lungphunah hian tawng pathum Mizo, Hindi leh English thuziak a awm.

3.RAM LEH MIPUI KHAWIH
a). August 21, 1986-ah Interim Govt thla ruk chhung atan din a ni a. Chief Minister atan Laldenga dah a ni a, Deputy Chief Minister atan Pu Lalthanhawla dah a ni. Cabinet Ministerte chu: 1).Vaivenga (Cong).2).R.Thangliana (Cong).3).Sainghaka (Cong). 4).C L Ruala (Cong), 5).Rualchhina (MNF),6) Zoramthanga.(MNF).7) Tawnluia (MNF).
b).Febuary 16,1987 ah State Inthlanna hmasa ber neih a ni a, MNF in hnehna an chang a.
c).India State dangah MLA 60 aia tlem lo (Sikim tih loh) an awm laiin, Mizoramah chuan MLA 40 an awm.
d).Mizoram chu India ram State puitling 23 na atan 20th February 1987-ah Prime Minister Rajiv Ghandhia’n a puang.
e). July 5,1990 khan Aizawlah High Court Bench hawn a ni.
f). Centre University chu July 2nd 2001 khan Aizawl Tanhrilah hawn a ni.
g).Kum 2004 khan India/Mizoram leh Myanmar Boarder Trade Champhai District Zokhawtharah hawn a ni.

4. KHAWTLANG NUN
   a).Nun a ralmuang
   Mizoram buai lai 1966- 1986 inkarah kha chuan kan khawtlang nun kha a raltiin a zalen lo em em , chhiat ni leh that niah pawh duh angin kan intawiawm tha thei meuh lo va. Mizo tlawmngaihna pawh nasa takin a tlahniam a. Mahse kum 1986 June 30-ah Inremna thuthlung ziah a nih atang kha chuan kan khawtlang nun pawh a zalenin a ralmuang ta hi thil chhinchhiahtlak tak a ni.
   b).Zirna lam
   Inemna ziah hnuah Mizoram hian zirna lamah nasa takin hma kan sawn a. Mahni pualin University kan nei tawh bawk a, tunah chuan College, Higher Secondary School,High School, Middle School leh Primary School tam tak a ding a. India rama lehkhathiam tam ber dawttu kan ni a, kan literacy percentage hi 93.33% a ni a, a lawmawm hle.
   c).Ei leh bar zawnna
   Ram buai lai khan Curfew, Cooli leh Daisakuh (Khaw hungna) siam avangin, mipate’n ei leh bar an zawng mumal hman lo va. Kan ramah tam nasa takin a tla a, a chang chuan Bara laih kha ei zawnna bul ber pakhat a ni a. Mahse rambuai a reh hnu hi chuan mi tinin zalen takin ei leh bar a zawn theih a, thlawhhma siam lam chauh ni lovin, sumdawnna chi hrang hrang tih theih a ni ta a. Duhthuthusam la ni lo mahse, ei leh bar zawnna kawngah hian nasa takin hma kan sawn a. Inremna thuthlunga tel Boarder Trade pawh Zokhawthar tihhlawhtlin a nih bakah, Kawrpuichhuah Bangladesh leh Zorinpui Myanmar hi chak taka kalpui mek a ni a.
   d).Sakhaw lam
   Ram buai lai khan kan christianna nasa takin a tla hniam a, a chang chuan Curfew vangin duh angin inkhawm a theih loh va, hmun thenkhatah chuan India sipaiin Biak In an luah nual bawk a,a buaithlak thei hle. Mahse tunah chuan zalen takin kan rinna kan puangchhuak a, Inkhawm leh Kohhran programme siam chungchangah harsatna kan nei lo . Tunah hian Mizoram hi India rama Chrisrtian tam ber dawttu State kan ni na, Kristian hi 87.16% kan ni mek a. Tunah hian kohhran hrang hrang hian nasa takin hma kan sawn a. Pathian Biak In lian leh tha pui pui kan sak bakah,India ram hmun hrang hrang mai ni lovin,khawvel ram hrang hrangah Missionary mi thahnem tak tirhchhuah an ni a, a lawmawm hle.
   e). Ram rorelna
   Tun hma rambuai hma kha chuan Mizoram hi Assam sawrkar hnuaia District 13-na kan ni a. Ei leh bar zawnna, zirna lam,kawngpui leh sumdawnna lamah kan hniam tak meuh a. Rambuai kum 1966 atanga kum rukna, kum 1972- ah Union Territory pek kan ni a. Union Territory kan nih atanga kum 14-na February 20,1987 khan India ram State 23 kan ni ve ta a. Mizoram State hian danglam riaun (Special Category) a nei a, chungte chu:
   (a).Mizo sakhua leh khawtlng nun thilah
   (b).Mizo hnam dan emaw hman dan emaw
   (c).Mizo hnam dan anga rel chi Criminal leh Civil thubuai rem chungchangah
   (d),Ram neitu nihna leh inhlan chungchangah

Heng a chunga mite hi Mizoram Lagislative Assembly remtihna lo chuan Parliament dan siam Mizoramah hman theih a ni lo vang.

Heng bakah hian thil danglam tak awm chu hengte hi a ni.
(a). Article 170, Clause (i) tar lan danin, India rama State hrang hrang (Sikim tih loh) chuan MLA 60 ai tlem lo an nei ang tih a nih lain, Mizoramah chuan MLA 40 a awm ang tih a ni.
(b). Inner Line Regulation tuna hman lai hi State sawrkar rawn lo chuan siamthat emaw tihbo emaw a ni lo vang.
(c), Plan atana Sawrkar laipui tanpuina sum leh pai lama indaih lohna hrerengin Plan Outlay zat titling turin Special Category State-te ang bawkin tanpuina zat bituksak a ni ang.

TLANGKAWMNA

India ramah hian Peace Accord vawi engemaw zat ziak a lo ni tawh a, chungte chu: 1). Nagaland Accord 1947, 2) Shillong Accord 1975, 3),Punjab Accord 1985, 4),Bodo Accord 1993, 5).Mizoram Accord 1986 leh 6), Tripura Accord 1988 te an ni. Heng Peace Accord hrang hrang zingah hian a hlawhtling ber chu “Mizoram Accord June 30,1986 hi a ni a.

Hetiang taka Mizoram Accord a lo hlawhtlina chhan hi,ngun taka thil chhut mite chuan thil pahnih niin an sawi a. A pakhatna chui Underground MNF hruaitute chakna (Good Leadership) vang tih a ni a,. A pahnihna chu Mizo mipuite inpekna leh tanrualna vang a ni tih a ni.

Tun hnai deuh atang hian, Zofate’n kum 37 lai inremna kan lo neih tawh chu, sawihnawm leh tihderthawn tum an awm nia sawi a ni a, hetiang hi thil pawi tak mai a ni.Mahse mipuite hi kan inremna hlu tak vawng nung tur hian i tangho tlat ang u.

Zofate hi pi leh pu atanga tlawmngai hnam, huaisen, sa leh ral hmaa tlanchhe ngai lo, thianchhan thihngam kan ni thin a. Chung kan huaisenna leh tlawmngaihna chu he kan thil neih hlu tak mai “Remna leh Muanna”hi vawnghima tivul zel tur hian i hmang ang u.He kan ram Pathianin chenna atana min pek hi thangthar lo la awm zel turte tan chenna tlak a nih theih nan theihtawp chhuahin i vawnghim zel ang u. Hei lo hi ram dang kan nei si lo.Mizoram dam reng rawh se.

THULAKNATE

1. A Durable Peace With a Weak Accord in Mizoram,(Research Article),Lalnundika Hnamte (2020).
   2.Ethnic Peace Accord in India, PS Datta (1995).
   3.Indian Union Chhunga Zofate Rin Luh Kan Nih Dan, K.Lalremruata (2016).
2. Mizo Hnam Movement History, Zoramthanga (2016).
   5.Peace Accord and Conflic Studies,Mr Jitendra Sethi (2005).
   6.Souvenir On Democratic Pioneering In Mizoram,Mizoram EX-Counciilor’s Association (2015).
   7.Zoram Buai Lai Khan,C.Hermana (2015).
   8.Zoram Politic (1976-1986) MC.Lalrinthanga (1993)