- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Vawiinah Mizote tana lehkhabu rotling leh chhiar manhla tak tur MIZO UNION KHA (1946 – 1974) tih bu KL. Chhuanvawra ziak chu tlangzarh theih a lo ni ta hi thil lawmawm tak a ni. He lehkhabu hi kum 2009-ah khan copy 1,500 tihchhuah a lo ni tawh a, nimahsela hralh a kal nge ni ang Bookroom hrang hrangah pawh hmuh tur a awm tawh lo a, he lam lehkhabu hi ka ngaihven zawng tak a nih avangin a khât tawkin Bookroom hi ka tlawh fo a, lehkhabu hluite pawh ka hai viau thin nain vawiin thlenga he lehkhabu ka la hmu lo hi ka bengvar loh vang chu ni tho mah sela lei tur a awm tawh lo a ni ber zawkin a rinawm. Eng pawh ni sela vawiina mi tin tana chhiar theih tura he lehkhabu tlangzarh a ni hi a lawmawm êm êm a ni.
He lehkhabuah hian bung khat atanga bung sawm leh paruk thleng awmin phek 177 thleng a awm a, phek tawpah hian thlalak– Remna sign lai awmin, thlalak chuan phek pum a awh a, hmun dang zawngah chuan thu vekin a khat a, hun indawt dan anga ziah a niin awlsam taka chhiar zawh mai theih tur lehkhabu a ni.
He lehkhabu hi Gilzom pûm chhuak niin a font hi 13 size a niin chhiar pawh a nuam hle mai. A bu kawmah hian Mizoram map awmin Mizo Union symbol Sai pawh lian taka dah a ni a, a kawm atang ringawt pawh hian Mizo Union tuichilh (ruihchilh em ni zawk) tan chuan lung tileng thei tak tur pawh niin a hriat a, hetiang anga MU chanchin kimchanga ziahna hi a awm kherin a rinawm loh avangin he lehkhabu hi thangthar lo awm zel turte tan pawh lehkhabu rawn hlawh tak tur a nih ngei pawh a rinawm. Cheng 200 man chauh a ni a, tunlaia sum leh pai hlutna tlakhniam tawh dan ngaihtuah chuan he lehkhabu chhunga thu awmte hi a man hian a phu kher pawhin a rinawm loh a, chuvangin he lehkhabu vanga sum leh pai i seng a nih chuan i inchhir hauhin ka ring lo.
Phek hma lamah hian Ziaktu thuhma awmin a bu ziaktu fapa K. Remruatfela thuziak KAMKEUNA (Ka pa leh Mizo Union Party) chu a awm leh a, chungte leh a bu chhunga thu awmte (content) te nen phek 12 thleng a awh a, phek 13 atang erawh chuan bung khatna intanin Mizote tun hma lam hun tih hmanga a ziak chu chhiar tur a awm a, Mizote hi China ram lama cheng thin, chuta tang chuan Burma (tuna Myanmar) lamah chhuk thla a, chuta tang chuan tuna kan awmna hmunah hian rawn chhuk thla ta zel niin an sawi thin a ti a, China ramah khian Mizote nena thlahtu thuhmun tih hriat tak an la awm teuha an sawi thu min hrilh bawk. Kan thlahtute khan China leh Burma an chhuahsan chhan hi anmahni aia chak zawkte bula awm ai chuan mi dangte chim buai phak loha thawveng zawka awm an duh vang nia a lan thu min hrilh bawk. Ni e, min hrilh ang hian kan thlahtute khân anmahni aia chak zawk vanga thlang rawn tla hi an niin a rinawm a, chu bâkah Mizoramah hian tute emaw chu an lo cheng hmasa tawh nia a rin thu pawh min hrilh a, thil âwihawm tak a ni.
Kan pi leh pute khân lal neia hun an hman tanna hi engtik lai atangin nge ni ang tih hriat chu a har hle mai a, 1780 AD velah Sailova thlahte chu lalho zinga an len ber thu he lehkhabuah hian min hrilh a. Chutianga lal neia an awm chuan an chheh vela awmte chu an bei fo a, Mizorama an rawn tlâk thlâk hnuah pawh an chheh vela awmte chu an bei foin kum 1777 vel atang phei chuan phai ram an rûn tan nia hriat a ni. Phairam (hnam dang) rûn hmasak ber nia hriat chu kum 1770-a Satikang phai an rûn kha niin hêng hun lai hian Kumpinu sorkar pawhin hêng lai ram hi an la awp bik lo avângin chhinchhiahna mumal tak a awm lo a. Hun rei deuh hnu kum 1842-a Arakan leh Syhlet phai an rûn lehah erawh chuan mumal taka record tan niin Mizo lalte chuan an chheh vêla hnam dang awmte chu vawi tam tak an rûn a, hetia chhinchhiah hma kum 65 chhûngah pawh hian vawi tam tak an rûn ngeiin a rinawm a ni. Hetianga Phairam an rûn fo avang hian Kumpinu beng a thlen hun a awm lo thei lo a, Kumpinu sorkar chuan an han hriat chuan beih thama ngai loin ‘Nangni ngam chi kan ni lo e, min rawn tibuai tawh suh u’ tia zilhna ang lek chauhin an rawn ûm lêt a, an ngawihsan leh mai thin. Nimahsela Mizote chu an intawng harh theih si loh avângin phairam lam chu an rûn reng fo a, mumal taka inkaihhruaina eng mah a awm si loh avangin Mizo lalte chuan anmahni remchan dân ang angin an chheh vêla hnam dang awmte chu an la rûn fo reng a. Remthu thlunpui han tum thin mahsela lal pakhat hnuaia awm an nih tlat loh avangin Sapho tan pawh a awlsam lo viau mai a, a tawpah Suakpuilala chu Cachar DC, Edger-a chuan kum 1871 January 16-ah remna thu a thlunpui ta a, hei hi Mizo lal leh Kumpinu sorkar inremna Sa-Ui tan (Sannad) an tih chu a ni.
He inremna hi Mizo lal dangte tân chuan ngaimawhna chhan tûr a awm lo hle mai a, kum 1871 kum vêkah chuan Bengkhuaia chuan Alexanderpore-a thingpui huan hnathawk lai chu a hote mi 500 lai mai nên chuan an zuk rûn leh ta mai a. An hotu ber Dr. James Winchester chu thatin a fanu kum nga mi lek Mary Winchester chu manin Mizoram lamah an hawn ta daih mai a, a hnuah chu naupang chu a hmingah ‘Zoluti’ an sa a. Chutianga Sap naupang an han man tâkah meuh chuan Kumpinu sorkar ngêng a chhun ta a, India ram awptu Governor General chuan Sap naupang chu chhan chhuak ngei tûrin leh a mantute pawh hmet mit nghûl tûrin July 17, 1871-ah chuan Order khauh tak a chhuah ta a. Tichuan, Kawlri lal Bengkhuaia hnênah chuan Governor General tirhin Thangliana chu a rawn kal a, silaia inkahna awm loin Zoluti pawh chu kum 1872 kum tirah an la lêt leh thei ta a ni. Chumi hnu, kum 1888 December thlaah chuan Mizoram awpbeh zui dân tûr pawh Order chhuah nghâl a niin kum 1890 atangin min rawn awp tan ta a nih kha. Mizoram an awp hma hian Garo leh Arunachal-te pawh an awp tawh tih hre tel ila a tha âwm e.
Sawi tawh angin Mizo lalte chu an awp chinah chuan thu tâwp neitu an niin an lal êm êm thin a, thu chhia thu tha zawng zawng hi an kut vek a nih avângin nupui pasal chungchângah emaw tual thih thuah emaw, an thu thu a ni vek mai. Lasavunga fanu Laltheri ngei pawh kha an khaw tlangval pakhat nên inngaizâwngin nau hial a lo pai a, chu chu an lalpa chuan a han hriat meuh chuan hnamchawm tlangval chu tuallaiah a kâp hlum hmiah mai a nih kha.
Mi tu pawhin incheina atâna thi an awrh pawh lal chuan a duh chuan a lâksak mai thin avângin mi dang tân thi nalh leh mawi chu awrh tûr nei reng mah sela an awrh ngam ngai lo a, lal-in a lâksak duh loh tûr khawpa chhia an awrh thin a, chutiang avâng chuan ‘Lal hlau lo Thi’ tih tawngkam pawh hi a lo pian phah a ni.
Tichuan, Kumpinu sorkarin kum 1890 atangin min rawn awp a, min awp tirh lai vêlah hian lal 60 vêl chauh kan neiin, Zoram chhim bial lam zawng chu West Bengal Province (tuna Bangladesh) ah behtirin Political Officer awpna hnuaia awm a ni a; Hmar bial lam pawh Assam Province-ah behtirin Political Officer bawkin a awp a ni. Nimahsela tawng khat hmang vek kan nih avangin leh hmun khat atang enkawl remchâng zawka an hriat avângin kum 1892 January 29-a Chin Lushai Conference an tih chu Culcutta-ah an ko a, chumi thu ang chuan April 1, 1898 atangin Assam Province-ah behtir vek niin hmun khat atanga awp beh kan lo ni ta a ni. Hetih lai hian Assam District 12 zinga District pakhat anga awmin Lushai Hills District tih a ni.
He lehkhabu chhûngah hian Saphoin min awp lai chanchin bengvarthlâk tak tak chhiar tûr a awm a, min tihchangkan tak tak tum lova, mâwl lutuk lo, enkawl nuam tawk vêla min dah an duh tawk lek dân pawh fiah takin min hrilh. Sapho chuan Mizoram pum chu Circle 20-ah thenin Circle tinah chuan Circle Interpreter pakhat theuh an dah bawk a, chung CI-te chuan lal leh Bawrhsap inkârahte, mipui leh Bawrhsap inkârah te an thu lâkna leh an kut leh ke ber an ni. Mizo lal zingah khua leh tuite tâna hrawn hrehawm deuh pawh an awm a, a thente chu khawngaihna leh hmangaihna ngah tak pawh an awm. Lalte kal tlanga Bawrhsapin mipui chunga rorelna a neih thin avang chuan anmahni tlawn leh tihlungawi thiam apiangte chu an vânnei deuh ni pawhin a hriat thin. Mizo Union a lo din hnu pawh khân lal sual leh chimawm deuhna hmun apiangah mipuiin Mizo Union chu an bawh nasat phah bik bawk a, lal rorelna chu an kham tawh tih pawh chiang takin a hriat a ni.
Chutianga mipui tâna Bawrhsap leh lalte’n rorêlna an neih a, mipui tâna phurrit a lo tlin tâk hialah chuan kum 1928 vêl atangin Kulikawn pa thenkhatte chuan Bawrhsap awpna hnuai atanga chhuah a, Excluded Area ata chhuakin Assam rorelna khawl zawm ve theih a ni lawng maw tiin Shillong tlangah an zuk kal a. Chutiang thawm Bawrhsapin a lo hriat chuan chûng Kulikawn paho chu manin thutiam tirin a chhuah leh a, an zinga pakhat Laldela phei chu Mizoram chhûnga awm thei tawh lo tûrin a hnaw tchhuak hial a ni. Kum 1946-ah Mizo Union a lo din pawh khân Bawrhsap nên an inkâr hi a tha tak tak thei lo va, an tualthu a chhe thin viau reng a ni. Bung lina (phek 30-naah) hian Mizo Lalte thuneihna tlângpui tih hmanga ngaihnawm taka ziak chhiar tûr a awm a, tûn atân chuan sawi lang vek ta lo mai ila, kan lalte’n an khua leh tuite an tihretheih thin dân leh khua leh tuite tâna phurrit an nih dan point 1 – 9 thlengin min hrilh a ni.
Phek 34-na atang hian Mizoram chhûnga ram inrelbâwl dân chi hrang hrang hmuh tûr a awm a, Chhim lama Missionary thenkhatte chuan British Crown Colony-a kan awm theihna tûra a rûk deuha an hmalâkna pawh min hrilhin chu thu chu Ch. Saprawnga chuan a lo hriatin ‘Kan ram Politics-ah hian nangni lo inrawlhna tûr a awm lo. Engah nge hetiang thute in lo sawi ve ngawt ni?’ tiin a hau niin min hrilh. Tichuan, April 9, 1946 Thawhlehni chawhnu dar hniha Mizo Union lo pian dân min hrilh leh a, Pawl inkaihhruaina Dân (Constitution) pawh he lehkhabuah hian târ lan a ni.
Mizo Union Constitution thuhmahruaiah chuan kum khat leh a chanve chhûng leka member 30,000 zet an tlin hman thu kan hmuin Mizo Union Dân leh hrai kimchang taka târ lan a ni a: Aims and Objectives pawh hetiang hian ziah lan a ni –
a) He Mizo Union hi Mizo zawng zawng, Lushai Hills District-a mite leh a pawna mite inpumkhatna atâna siam a ni. Thukhat vuaa anmahni chungchâng leh an ram inawp dân tûr theuh a tha thei ang bera awmtir tum fo tûrin.
b) Vantlang mipuite leh hotute inkârah inlaichinna tha zawk siam tûrin.
c) Mizo mipui vântlâng rêng rêng an dinhmun tûr taka an din theihna tûr leh an nihna tûr ang taka an nih theihna tûrin leh dânte hrilfiahsak tûrin.
d) Kawng engkima Mizo nun dân a lo sân zâwk theihna tûr leh kan hmeichhiate pawh an dinhmun a lo sân zawk theihna tûrin.
e) Eng tik hun pawha kawng engkima Mizo hnam ngaih dân leh duh dân sawi chhuaktu leh an aiawhtu nih tum fo tûrin.
f) Kan pi leh pu dân tha lote siam tha tûr leh a tha apiangte chu pawm tlat tûrin.
Hêng bâkah hian Member nih theihna dân leh fee chungchâng tar lan a niin Mizo Union-a tel theite pawh a hnam anga tar lan a nih bâkah Mizo hnahthlâk ni lo tân pawha Mizorama kum sawm aia tlem lo awm tawh tâna MU-a tel theih dân tar lan a ni. Tichuan, Mizo Union atanga inpaih dân pawh min hrilh lehin Unit, Block, Division leh General Headquarter thlenga thuneihna inkhaichhawn dân min hrilhin chuta hruaitute thuneihna leh inthlan dân tûr pawh kimchang taka târ lan nghâl a ni.
Hetianga Mizoram hmun hrang hranga Mizo Union din a lo nih pawh hian Mizo lalte chuan khawtlang an la awp reng bawk avangin an inkârah neuh neuh a lo awm a. |um khat phei chu mihlim Chawngkhupa kha a awmna khuaah Mizo Union Secretary a ni a, a minute bu kawl chu an lal chuan ensak a tum a, ani chuan a lo phal hauh lo mai chu lal chuan ‘Lal ka ni a, ka duh chuan i ting-thul chenin ka haisak thei che tih hre rawh’ tiin sil-awng khawpin a sawisa hial niin he lehkhabuah hian phek 61-naah kan hmu. Nimasela chu thu chu mite’n an lo hriat chuan an khaw thenawm nula leh tlangval leh pate chuan Chawngkhupa buh sengpui tûrin an rawn kal sup sup a, hlim taka Union hla sa chunga buh an seng thu min hrilh. Tichuan, MU chuan a din tirh phat atangin mipui ngaihven a hlawhin an bawh nghâl ruih ruih a, a din kum vek September 24-ah Assembly hmasa ber neih a niha Aizawl Sikulpuia palai kalkhâwm tamzia pawh he lehkhabuah kan hmu. He khawmpuiah hian ‘Mizo Union hian Mizoram ai a awh zo a, kan duh dân leh kan remtihna lo chuan eng mah a kal tur a ni lo’ tiin thu an pass hial a ni.
Kumpinu sorkar chuan Mizoram leh India an awpna ata chu an chhuahsan hnaih tawh avangin India Independent hnua mahni ram awm dân tûr ngaihtuahin an insingsa mur mur a, keini Excluded Area leh Partially Excluded Area-a awm hote ngei pawh chuan India Zalênna hnuaia kan awm zêl dân tûr ngaihtuah a lo ngaih ve bawk avângin Central atanga ruat Constituent Assembly, Advisory Sub-Committee for North East Frontier Tribal & Excluded Areas an tih Committee pawimawh tak chuan April 17, 1947-ah Aizawl an rawn lût a. Circuit House-ah Committee chu an thuin chutah chuan Mizo Union hotute chuan Mizoram awm zel dân tûr atâna an duan chu an thehlûtin hetih laia Pawl dang awm vete pawh chuan an thehlût bawk a. MU thu thehluh dânah chuan Mizoram sorkar lu ber leh thuneitu ber ni tûrin District Council neih a ni ang a, District Council chuan tuna Bawrhsap thuneihna zawng zawng hi a chang ang. Lal chungchâng pawh District Council kutah a awm ang a, an ruat dân ang angin lalte pawh an awm ang a, Lei man, Kuli leh Fathang chungchâng pawh ngaihtuah a ni ang. Hnam dang, Vai emaw tu mah Mizoram chhûngah an pem lût thei lo ang tih leh thil pawimawh hrang hrangte chu thehluh a ni. Hêng an thu thehluh zawng zawngte hi kum sawm hnuah tihdanglam leh theih ni se, India atanga chhuah thleng pawhin tih a ni. He Advisory Sub-Committee-a Mizo Union thu thehluh leh he Committee-a Co-Opted member-a Khawtinkhuma leh Ch. Saprawnga an awm ve bawk si avângin mi thenkhatte chuan India hnuaia Mizoram hruai lûttu tiin an sawi thin a. Amaherawhchu hemi hma hian Mizo Union Secretary a nih laiin R. Vanlawma pawhin Shillong a kalin Assam PM Bardoloia hnênah hetiang thu hi a lo sawi tawh bawk a.
“MU hian Lushai Hills tih hi Mizoram tiha thlûk tûrin rawtna an siam a, nimahsela Lalho erawh chuan Lushai Hills tih ni zêl tûra an duh thu he lehkhabuah hian kan hmu. Kum 1952 – 1972 chhûnga Mizo District Council kan neih chanchin pawh kimchang taka târ lan a niin MDC chu Mizorama rorel khawl thar kan neih a nih ang ngeia a hma lâk tharna chi hrang hrang pawh he lehkhabuah hian târ lan a ni a. Mizo Lalte lalna tawp dân pawh târ lan a niin kan lalte khân inkaihhruaina mumal tak an neih loha Bawrhsap NE. Parry-in kum 1928-a biakrawn awmte a biakrawn hnua A Monograph on Lushai Custom and Ceremonies a siam thu he lehkhabuah hian kan hmu. Tichuan, Assam Legislative Assembly chuan kan ram lalte bânna tûr Bill “The Lushai Hills (Acquisition of Chief Rights) Act of 1954” an tih chu lungrual taka an pass tâk avângin chumi thu ang chuan kan lalte chu Compensation pein tihtâwp a lo ni ta a ni. An aiawha khawtlânga roreltu tûra thlan Village Council chuan Aug. 15, 1954 atangin thuneihna an nei tan a, heta tang hian lalte pawh an thuneihna chu a tâwp zui nghâl bawk a ni. Heta lal bângte hi an vaiin 259 niin, Chhimtuipui bial lama lalte pawh April 15, 1956-ah mi 50 vêl chu an bang ve leh bawk a, an zavaiin lal 309 an ni.
Pu R. Vanlawmate hoin Mizo Cultural Society an din a, a hnua Mizo National Famine Front tia an thlâk leh t²k thute pawh he lehkhabuah hian kan hmu a, kum 1959 atanga Mizoram pum puia |âm a tlâk thu leh Mizo mipui aiawh zo taka Mizo Union hmalâknate pawh he lehkhabuah hian kan hmu bawk a ni. Kum 1961-ah MNF a lo piang a, Mizote tâna Independent theih dân tûr kawng awmin an hria a, UNO Dân bu leh Atlantic Charter leh Human Right thute ena Mizote tân ngei pawh Independent thei kan nih dân kawng awmin an hria a ni. Nimahsela hetih laia Political Party lo ding tawh Mizo Union chuan he MNF ngaih dân leh thil tum hi kawng awmin an hre lo thung. Mizo Union leh Assam sorkarte chu Mautâm chungchângah an lo inhmuh thiam loh avângin hetia MNF rawn ding thar ta pawh hi Assam Chief Minister Chaliha chuan Mizo Union vaw chhetu atâna an hmaraw tangkai tak ni angin he lehkhabuah hian kan hmu. Chutih mêk lai chuan Mihlim Thanghleia chu Muallung atangin Aizawlah kalin Mizo Union, EITU leh MNF hruaitute chu Council Hall-ah inhmuh khâwmna an neiin chutah chuan “……..Nangni ram hruaitute hi in inrem loh chuan kan ramah hian khawi lai laiah emaw chuan thisen a luang dawn a ni” tiin a tap zawih zawih mai a. Pu Ch. Saprawnga chuan chu mihlim thusawi chu tha a ti viau a, EITU President, Pu Lalmawia pawhin a lo zawm ve bawk a, nimahsela MNF hruaitu Pu Laldenga erawh chuan, “Kei chu pên khat pawhin ka hnungtawlh thei ta lo, a tlai lutuk ta,” tiin Mizoram tân Independent a theih dân a sawi zui ta bawk a. Chutiang a nih tâkah chua inremna awm thei lovin an intha then ta ringawt mai a ni.
He lehkhabuah hian thu tam tak vawn zui reng tlâk a awm a. MNF-te’n Independent tûra hma an lâk tan viau laiin Mizo Union lam chuan Independent hi kan sual chhuah theih chi a ni lo tiin Memorumdum hial an siam a. Khawvel Indopui Pahnihna hnua Independence ram 50-te chanchin pawh târ lan a niin India rama kan dinhmun pawh chiang takin he lehkhabu hian min hrilh. Algeria, Cyprus, Korea, Tunisia, Israel, Vatican City leh Vietnam ramte’n Independent an hmuh dân pawh he lehkhabuah hian hmuh tûr a awm a, a bengvarthlâk hle a ni.
Phek 131-naah hian UNO chanchin kimchang taka ziakna hmuh tûr a awm a, UNO dân leh hrai atangin hnam hnufualin zalênna an neih theih dân leh neih theih loh dân pawh fiah takin min hrilh. MNF-te’n Zalênna beiin nasa takin India lak atangin indan tum mah sela Mizo Union chuan Assam sorkar lak atanga tâl chhuah a Mizoram State kan neih theih dân tûr chu a ngaihtuah mêk zâwk a, chutiang chuan tan an la ve mêk bawk a ni. A bu tawp lamah hian Nation chungchâng pawh fiah takin min hrilh a: Manaco leh Philippines-te’n Nation thar atanga Independence an lo neih dân fiah taka Pu H.K. Bawichhuaka ziak hmuh tûr a awm bawk a, a bengvarthlâk hle a, Pu Ch. Chhunga’n Ngenna a ziah pawh hmuh tur a awm a, chhiar hmaih chi rual a ni lo.
A bung tawp berah hian Mizo Union leh Congress Party in-merger thu kan hmuin Remna leh Muanna hnuaia Mizoram State tih hmanga ngaihnawm taka a ziak pawh kan hmu. Remna leh Muanna a thlen theihna atân Mizo Union chuan Prime Minister ngenna avângin Congress Party nena inchhun fin (Merger) tûrin vawi hnih ngawt: November 1973-ah leh Jan. 12, 1974-ahte ngaihtuahna an nei a, uluk taka ngaihtuahna an neih hnuin Mizo mipuite tâna tha ber tûra ngaiin Mizo Union chu Congress Party-ah an lo inchhûng lût ta a ni. Hemi ni Jan. 12, 1974 atang hian kum 28-a upa lo ni tawh Mizo Union chu vui liam a lo ni tain President hnuhnung ber Pu Ch. Saprawnga hovin Congress Party-ah an lo inchhûng lût ta a ni.