- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Khawvel ram hrang hrangte’n thil inthlakthleng avanga hmasawnna an neih dante hi a ngaihnawm a, sawi leh ngaihthlak pawh a nuam thin. Thil inthlakthleng avanga hmasawnna hi thleng a ni e pawh ti ila a dikna chen a awm thei ang. Chu thil inthlakthleng tur erawh chuan harsatna leh buaina a thlen phawtte a ngaih chang a awm bawk thin a, buaina chuan a chhe lam ngawr ngawr hnutchhiah bik chuang loin rah tha a chhuah ve fo thin. Kan sawi lan tawh angin America ramte, Germany ramte leh Japan ramte ngei pawh khan harsatna nasa tak an tawkin khuarkhurum thuk takah an lo tang tawh a. Nimahsela chu chuan rah tha tak a chhuah zawkin tunah chuan ram hmasawn ber ber an lo ni ta. Harsatna chuan an mit a tihvar phah a, ngaihtuahna fim an hman phahin kawng thar zawh tur an lo hriat phah a, chutah chuan theihtawp chhuahin hmalam an pan a, hlawhtlinna tlang chhip an lo thleng ta thin a ni.
New Zealand ram tlukchhiatna leh an thawh lehna hi han sawi ila. Kum 1980 hma lamah khan New Zealand ram hian an ram mipuite duhsakna leh chanvo pawimawh tak tak a kalpui thin a. Mipuite chhawmdawlna leh tanpuina chi hrang hrang a thlawna sem pawh a ngah hle thin.
Hetiang hian a then han tarlang ila:
Hna neilo chhawmdawlna (Unemployment Benefit)
Chhungkaw tanpuina (Family Allowance)
Kum 60 chunglam tanpuina (Elder Allowance)
Zirlai tanpuina (Education Allowance)
Damlo tanpuina (Health Care)
Kum 18 chin hnuailam sawn pawm tanpuina
Sumdawngtute tanpuina
Loneitute tanpuina chi hrang hrang
Ran vulhtute tanpuina leh a dangte
Hetiang hian New Zealand sorkar chuan mipuite tan hamthatna tam tak a nei a, sap tawng taka ‘Spoon feeding’ kan tih ang hian a ram mipuite chu a chawm takmeuh a ni. Chutianga sorkarin a ram mipuite tana zau taka a inhawnna chuan thatna tam tak thlen mahsela a tam zawkah erawh chuan an lo chhiatpui thung si a. A hrinchhuah tha lo deuh chu: Thatchhiatna leh zawmthawtna a hringin thawk loa ei hmuh tumna leh duhna an thinlungah an lo nei lian telh telh a, hna thawk loin zinbo daih mahsela unemployment allowance an dawn theih tho avangin an duh dan danin an nung mai a, nuam an tawl thei reng tihna a ni ber mai. Chutiang vang chuan kum 1980 velah chuan New Zealand ram chu ram rethei a rawn ni ta mai reng a, an sum leh pai thawhchhuah aiin an ei ral a tam zawk tlat avang chuan tlakchhiat lam an pan zel a, a tawpah phei chuan sum leh pai ba tam tak neiin an lo awm ta hial a ni.
Kum 1984 alo thlen chuan New Zealand ramah inthlanpui a awm a, Labour Party chuan sorkarna changin state rethei ber atanga MP thlan chhuah Roger Douglas, kum 46 mi chu Finance Minister a ni a. A ni chuan an ram economic policy tha lo tak chu a vei em em a, an tlakchhiat chhan pawh hmu fiahin a inhre bawk a. Tuna kan kalphung hi siamthat a nih vat loh chuan a aia nasa zawkin harsatna kan la tawk dawn a, siamthata a awm chuan harsatna nasa zawk lo thleng tur hi kan pumpelh thei a ni tiin nasa taka tan la turin a mipui hnenah thu a sawi thin a. A hmasa ber atan a thlawna pawisa sem chi hrang hrang: Kuthnathawktute tana thilsemte, Thalai hnathawk lo hnena sum semte chu titawpin thilman khuahkhirhna (price control) pawh a hlihsak bawk a.
Chung bakah chuan hetiang hian hmalakna tur kawng hrang hrangin a ruahman a:
De-regulation: Sorkar chuan hnathawktu, a bik takin Industry hrang hrangah hnathawktu nghet la loin a nghet loin thawktu lak a uar ta a. Hnathawktute tan inelna leh efficiency a tipungin Finance, Telecommunication leh Transportation ang chi sector-te chu inelna nasa zawk neih theihna turin a ruahman a.
Trade Liberalization: Sorkar laipui chuan Open-Market Policy a kalpui a, tariff tihhniam leh ram dangte nena insumdawn tawnna kawng a hawng zau bawk a. An thil tharchhuahte chu ram danga thawnchhuah theih turin ram dangte thianah a siam bawk a.
Privatization: Sumdawnna leh thilzawrhna mai bakah sumdawngtute rintlak an lo nih leh zual theihna atan State Owned Enterprise (SOE) te chu mimal enkawl turin a hlan a. Ruahmanna mumal tak nen sorkarin alo kalpui thin tam takte chu mimal enkawl turin a hlan a ni.
Fiscal Policy: Sorkar sum hmandan enkawl a, vil turin ruahmanna thar a siam a, leiba neih tlem theihna turin ruahmanna chi hrang hrang a siam bawk. Ram mipuite chu ei leh bara intodelhna turin ram nghet neih theihna turte thil hrang hrang a ruahman thar bawk a.
Monetary Policy: Reserve Bank of New Zealand chuan inflation targeting framework a siam a, hei hian thil man nghet tak vawn reng a tum a ni. Chu chuan inflation control a pui a, economic environment nghet tak a siam bawk a.
Labour market Reforms: Hnathawktu chi hrang hrangte tan dan siamin chu chuan hnathawhna hmun neitute (hnathawktu ruaitute) leh hnathawkte inkarah thil tha zawk a thlen a. Chu chuan thil siamchhuah lamah nasa takin a pui bawk a, hma an lo sawn phah bawk a ni.
Tax Reform: Chhiah pek danah thil thlak danglam an nei a, chhiah rate la tlemin chhiah lakna kawng erawh an tizau thung a. Chutianga chhiah lak dan thar chuan kawng hrang hrangah hmasawnna a thlen a ni.
Heng siamthatna te hi Finance Minister Roger Douglas hming chawiin “Rogermomics” an ti a. Kum 1984 vel atanga bultanin kum 1990 vel thleng khan nasa takin an kalpui a ni. Chu chuan economic lamah nasa takin siamthatna a thlen a, mi tam takin sawisel bawk mahsela rah tha tak a chhuah a, a ram pumin hmasawnna a thlen a ni.
Hetianga sorkar tharin thil a kalpui hi ram mipuite chuan an haw em em a, nasa takin an dodal a. Kum 1990-a inthlanpui alo awm lehah chuan Labour Party chu paih thlain Conservative National Party chuan sorkarna an lo chang ta thung a. Sorkar tharah chuan Prime Minister chu Jim Bolger niin Finance Minister atan Ruth Richardson a ni bawk a. MIpui chuan a thlawna pawisa dawn leh beiseiin tlumtea thlir takin an sorkar thar chu an thlir a. Nimahsela sorkar thar chuan mipui beisei loh ang takin sorkar hmasa kalpui dan chu rawn chhawmin anni aia nasa zawk mah chuan ruahmanna an rawn siam thar bawk a. Ruth Richardson hian kum 1990 – 1993 chhung Finance Minister niin kum 40 a nihin he nihna hi a chelh tan a.
Finance Minister thar chuan kum 18 hnuai lam sawn pai chhawmdawlna chu a ti tawp a, tar pension dawngtu kum 60 chin tih chu kum 65-ah a tisang bawk a, tar pension pek hi kum hnih phei chu a chawlh tir nghe nghe a. Railway hnathawktu 23,000 awm chu 5,000-ah a tihniam a, zirlaite chhawmdawlna a ti tlem bawkin medical care bill theih zat a titlem bawk a, an ram mi, ramdanga lehkha zirte chhawmdawlna pawh a ti tawp bawk a. Hetiang taka an beisei loh ang taka sorkar a kal takah chuan mipui thinrim chuan kawng an zawh a, Finance Minister limte chu an hal bawk a. Nimahsela sorkar chuan a kalphung chu thlak a tum hauh chuang lo a, khawng takin a kal zel a, an policy ngai rengin a kal tho a. Chutianga hmalakna thar chuan a ram mipuite thinlungah hnathawk lo thei lo dinhmuna dahin tupawh mai chuan hnathawh a ngai a ni tih an lo hriat phah a, nasa takin mahni pumpuarna atan hna an thawk a, an thawhchhuah pawh alo pung reng bawk a ni. Kuthnathawktute thlai thar chhuah chu sorkarin man man takin a leisak zel bawk a, kuthnathawhin awmzia a awm tih a hriat avang chuan mipui phunchiar leh lungawih lo thawm pawh chu a reh ta thuai a.
Chutianga hmasawn zawnga New Zealand alo than chhoh zel takah chuan kum 1994 an thleng chauh tiah an economy thanna chu 6.2% a rawn ni ta hial a. Hetianga sorkar hruaituten mipui tana thahnemngai taka an thawh avang hian kum reiloteah mipuite chuan a rah chhuah an lo dawng a, kuthnathawhin awmzia a awm bawk avang chuan vawiin thlengin New Zealand chu hmasawn zawngin a kal ta zel a, khawvel ram changkangte zingah alo invawrh kai ta a ni. Tunah chua ram awh-awm tak a rawn ni tain kthnathawktute zingah a bik takin nitin ei leh bar tur tharchhuahna lamah ram dang aiin hma an sawn chak a, ram pawn atanga khualzin hip turin an ram chu an cheibawl nasain sum leh pai lakluhna tha takah an siam a, an ram chu ralmuang taka siamin tupawh mai chuan sual rawngbawl hman lo tur khawpin inenkawlna tha tak an kalpui bawk a ni.