- Emmy Lalruatsangi, MA Pol. Science, 3rd Sem., ICFAI University, Mizoram
India hmarchhak state pariat zinga pakhat Mizoram hi hnam nunphung hrang hrang leh ramngaw mawi tak tak awmna hmun a ni a. A pianphung mawi tak nimah se, state hian ei bar zawnna (socio-economic) lamah harsatna eng emaw zat a tawk a, a bik takin thingtlang lamah chuan harsatna a tawk nasa hle. State thingtlang lama cheng tam takte eizawnna bulpui ber chu lo neih a ni a, mahse hei hian ruahtui tlak dan tur hriat lawk loh, lo neih dan hmanlai tawh leh rel bawl dan tha tawk loa innghat a ni a. Heng harsatnate sut kian nan hian India sorkar chuan kum 2005 khan Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) a siam a, hei hi ‘flagship scheme’ niin thingtlang mite eizawnna pek leh eizawnna tihchangtlun tumna a ni. He thuziak hian Mizoram thingtlang tana MGNREGA a pawimawh dan leh , ei bar zawnna (economic) lama thingtlang khaw hrang hrangin harsatna an tawh dan te, a hlawkna te a zirchian kan tum dawn a ni.
MGNREGA hriatthiamna Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) hi thingtlang chhungkuaa puitling, thiamna nei lo kut hnathawk tura inpe te tan ni 100 tal hlawh neia hnathawh theihna tura ruahman a ni. He scheme hian a tum ber chu thingtlang hmunhma tihchangtlun a tum a, chutih rualin hmun hla zawka mite tan hnathawhna tur kawng siamsak a, retheihna tihziaawmna, thingtlang hmasawnna nghet tak leh mi zawng zawng huapzo hmasawnna kawngah a pui a ni. He dan hian thingtlang chhungkaw puitlingte chu tui humhalh, ram tihhmasawn, ramngaw siamna, leh thingtlang inzawmna hna hrang hrangah hlawh neia hnathawhna a pe a ni. He scheme hi thingtlang mipui tamna state-ah a pawimawh hle a, lo neih te chu ei leh bara an hnungzang ang a ni a. Mizoramah chuan MGNREGA hian thingtlang lama hnathawkte harsatna tawhte sutkian kawngah a pui hle a ni.
Mizoram thingtlang Socio-Economic Landscape Mizoram hi tlangram, khaw darh zau tak, leh lo neih lama eizawng tamna a ni. State eizawnna hi lo neihah a innghat nasa hle a, eizawnna atana hmanraw pawimawh ber a ni bawk . Mizorama agriculture kalpui dan hi ruahtui tlak tamna ber a nih avangin ruahtui tlak laia inthlak danglamna lakah an hlauhawm hle a ni. Khaw lum leh khaw vawt hriat lawk loh bakah hian infrastructure tha lo, market-a luh theihna tlem, leh lo neitute sum leh paia puihna tha tawk lo chuan thingtlang khaw mipuite harsatna chu a tizual hle. Mizorama thil pawimawh tak pakhat chu hnathawh tur tlem lutuk leh raltlan tam lutuk hi a ni. Thingtlang chhungkaw tam tak chuan an sum lakluhna bulpui ber atan agriculture an ring a, mahse loneih leh thil hrang hrang siam chhuahna hun remchang tlem avangin miten kum tam zawk chu hna nei lo leh harsa tak in an awm thin. Hei hian khawpui emaw, a chhehvela state emaw-a hna zawnga pem chhuahna a thlen a, khawpui hausakna sang lutuk tawhte chu a ti buai a, chhungkaw inthenna a thlen a ni.
Hetiang ei leh bar zawnna hnufum hi ngaihtuah hian thingtlang Mizoram chuan hun rei lote chhunga hnathawh tur mamawh leh hun rei tak chhunga hmasawnna tumte ngaihtuah turin MGNREGA inrawlh hi a mamawh tak zet a ni. Mizoram thingtlang in harsatna a tawh te MGNREGA kalpui a nih hma hian thingtlang Mizoramah harsatna engemaw zat an tawk a, chungte chuan sum leh pai lama hmasawnna leh eizawnna tihchangtlunna kawngah harsatna an tawk a. Hnathawh tur tlemte avangin thingtlangah hian eizawnna chi hrang hrang an tlachham a. Chubakah, state ram leilung hnim hring avang hian lo neih hmasawnna a awm loa, hmanlai Mizo lo neih dan an la hmang nasa hle. Chuvang chuan thingtlang chhungkaw tam tak chuan hlo thawh zawh hna awlah hna an nei lo emaw an thawk tlem emaw thin. Tualchhung hnathawh tur tlemte chauh a awm avangin thingtlang mi tam tak chu hna zawngin khawpui chhung emaw state dangah emaw an pem lut thin. Hetianga pem hian chhungkuaah harsatna hrang hrang a then fo va, pem lutte ngei pawh hi hnathawhna hmuna hmanraw hmansualna (exploitative working conditions) -ah an hmachhawn fo thin. Chubakah, state hian lo neih hun chhunga pem lut lo kir leh te hip luh kawngah harsatna lian tak a tawk a, hei hian thingtlang eizawnna leh khawtlang a ti buai zual hle. Mizoram thingtlang hmun hang hrangah infrastructure tha loin a tuar a, hei vang hian agriculture productivity tihpun emaw, eizawnna kawng dang siam emaw a harsa hle. Bazar, lirthei, leh hriselna leh zirna ang chi bulpui te chu hmun hla takah chuan a tlem fo thin. Infrastructure mumal tak awm loh chuan thingtlang eizawnna tihhmasawn emaw, tualchhung mite tana hnathawhna hmun nghet siam emaw chu thil harsa tak a ni ta a ni.
Tin, State hi boruak inthlak danglamna avanga harsatna tawk nasa tak a ni a, a bik takin agriculture lamah a hlauhawm hle. Ruahtui tlak dan tur hriat lawk loh, leilung chhiatna leh leimin hian loneih hnathawh a tibuai fo thin. Hei hian Mizorama thingtlang khaw hrang hrangte chu MGNREGA ang support scheme-ah an innghah lehzual a, hei hian ram enkawl dan mumal tak, tui humhalh, leh thingtlang infrastructure tihhmasawn kawngah khawchi hriat lawk loh lak nghawng tih zia awmna kawngah a pu thei a ni.
Mizoram Thingtlanga MGNREGA hlawkna MGNREGA hi thingtlang Mizoram tan a khawtlangin harsatna tam tak an tawhte sutkian kawngah nunna kawngkhar a ni. MGNREGA kalpui a nih avang hian thingtlang mipuite tan hlawkna tam tak a awm a. Hnathawhna siam sak leh Income Security Mizorama MGNREGA hlawkna direct ber pakhat chu eizawnna siam chhuah hi a ni. Ni 100 tal hlawh neia hnathawh theihna tur guarantee hmangin MGNREGA hian thingtlang chhungkaw tan sum mamawh tak a pe a ni. He sum lakluh hian thingtlang retheihna tihziaawmna kawngah a pui a, sum leh pai lama himna a pe a, chhungkuate pawhin an mamawh bulpui an phuhruk thei bawk. Chutiang mite tan chuan lo neih lama inhmang an nih avangin he sum lakluh belh hian thlai chi, hmanrua, leh fertilizzer ang an lei theihna phah thin a, hei hian agriculture productivity tihsan theihna a nei a ni.
MGNREGA hian a bul berah chuan thiamna nei lo kut hnathawh theihna hun remchang pe mah se, thingtlang lama thiamna tihhmasawn kawngah pawh tlang takin a thawhhlawk hle bawk. Infrastructure project-a an inrawlh hmang hian thingtlang lama hnathawkte chuan in sakna, ram tihhmasawn, tui enkawl dan leh thil dang dangah thiamna tangkai tak tak an nei a ni. Heng thiamnate hian hna hrang hrang an thawh theihna a tipung mai bakah state chhunga harsatna siamnaah a pui bawk a, thingtlang lama chengte chu hnathawhna hmun zau zawk atan a buatsaih a ni. MGNREGA thil pawimawh tak pakhat chu thingtlang infrastructure nghet tak siam a ngai pawimawh hi a ni. Mizoramah chuan hei hian thingtlang kawng siam te, tui pek dan tur te, tui humhalh dan tur te, leh ramngaw humhalh tura hmalakna te a huam tel a ni. Heng project te hian thingtlang hmasawnna zawng zawngah a pui a, inbiakpawhna tihchangtlun te, loneitute tana lirthei senso tihtlem te, leh thil tangkai bulpui hmuh theihna tihpun te a ni. MGNREGA hian ram leh tui humhalh dan mumal zawk tihhmasawn kawngah pawh a thawhhlawk hle a ni. Mizoramah hian tuikhuah tihchangtlun, leilung humhalh, tui lakkhawm te chu he hun ah hian a pawimawh ber a ni. Heng hmalaknate hian tuilian leh ruahtui tlak lohna laka state-in harsatna a tawhte sutkian a pui a, agriculture productivity leh thingtlang eizawnna atan hun rei tak chhung hlawkna a thlen a ni.
Tin, MGNREGA hian Mizoram thingtlang lama hmeichhiate tan a hlawkpui hle a. He scheme hian hlawkna hmun thuma thena hmun khat tal hmeichhia an nih tur thu a tarlang a, hmeichhiate chu hnathawhna hmuna tel theihna leh hlawh theihna hun remchang a siamsak bawk. Hei hian hmeichhiate sum leh pai dinhmun a tichangtlung mai bakah chhungkaw leh khawtlang chhungah thutlukna siam theihna a tipung bawk. Mizorama MGNREGA kalpui dan kawnga harsatna awmte Hlawkna tam tak awm mah se, Mizorama MGNREGA kalpui danah hian harsatna a tawh a ni tho . Chung zingah chuan Geographical leh Logistical lama harsatna awm thei te Mizoram tlangram leh khua darh zau tak avangin infrastructure project lian tham tak tak kalpui a harsa hle. Hmun hla tak takah bungrua leh hnathawkte phurh chhuah hi harsatna lian tak a ni. Chubakah, tlangram hmun a nih avangin luhna kawng mumal a awm loh fo avangin MGNREGA hlawkna chu khawtlang zawng zawng hnena then a harsa hle. MGNREGA hian thingtlang economy tihdanglam theihna a neih lain, a hlawhtlinna chu a taka kalpui danah a innghat a ni. Mizoramah hian a chang chuan scheme-in ruahmanna a siamte hriat chian lohna a awm thei bawk a ni. Hei bak ah hian Eirukna leh Inrelbawlna dik lo Sorkar scheme lian tam tak ang bawkin MGNREGA hian eirukna leh enkawlna dik lo kaihhnawih harsatna a tawk a ni. Thil engemaw takah chuan hlawh pekna emaw, thil lei emaw atana ruahman sumte chu tihdanglam a ni a, hei hei hian telna a tichak lo thei a, programme-in nghawng a neih pawh a tikhawtlai thei bawk.
Tlipna:
MGNREGA hian Mizoram thingtlang lamah harsatna hrang hrang, eizawnna tlakchhamna, retheihna, leh infrastructure tlakchhamna-te sutkian nan hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni tih a finfiah tawh a ni. He programme hian hathawhna siamna hmangin chhawmdawlna a pek nghal mai bakah thingtlang infrastructure tihchangtlun leh agriculture kalphung nghet tak tihhmasawn hmangin hun rei tak chhunga hmasawnna a thlawp bawk. Hathawh kawngah harsatna awm mah se, Mizorama MGNREGA hlawkna hi hnial rual a ni lo. State hian sik leh sa inthlak leh , raltlan, leh retheihna ang chi thil a hmachhawn chhunzawm zel avangin thingtlang mipuite eizawnna hi a pawimawh hle dawn a . Programme tihchak lehzual a, awareness tihchangtlun leh tha taka kalpui a nih rualin, Mizoram thingtlang mipuiten kum tam tak chhung chu he scheme hi an hlawkpui chhunzawm zel theih nan a pui a ni.