- Dr. C. Lalrampana
A KAMKÊUNA
Bible-ah hian kut dawh hi chiang taka khapna hmuh tur a awm lo va, mirethei chhumchhia leh hmeithai rethei chhumchhia tanpui leh chhawmdawl an ngaih dân tarlan zâwk a ni: Mosia danah chuan kutdawh chungchângah dân engmah a awm lo va, mi retheite enkawl dân tûr erawh a awm a ni.
Sadukai leh farisai Judate ngaihdanah ve thung chuan kutdawha eizawng (professional beggar)-te chu an hmusit a, thawhlawm atangin thlâwpna an pe ngai lo. Bible chuan mi retheite lainatna nei turin mi a fuih a, tisa lama hausakna chu mamawhtute hnena hlan tur a ni tih a zirtir bawk.
KUT DAWH AWMZIA
Kut dawh awmzia chu midangte hnena a thlawna thilpek pe tura ngenna hi a ni a, a tam zawkte chuan pawisa kher pek an ngiat thin a, chhan let beiseina tlemte emaw, beisei loh chung pawha ngenna emaw pawh a ni thei. Chutiang thil titu chu diltu, ngentu, kutdawh (beggar) emaw panhandler emaw an ti a ni. Jackson J. Spielvogel-a sawi dan chuan, “Kum zabi 18-naah khan retheihna hi harsatna langsar tak a ni a, khawpuiah pawh, thingtlang lamah pawh thuhmun reng a ni. Bologna, Italy-ah chuan kutdawh zaa 25% vel niin an chhut a; Mainz-ah chuan zaa 30% vel kutdawh emaw, nawhchizuar emaw an ni. Kum zabi 18-na tawp lamah chuan France leh Britain ramah chuan mipui zaa 10% vel chu thilpek beiseia kutdawh an ni” a ti. Kutdawh chu vantlang hmun, lirthei kalna kawngpui, khawpui park, leh bazar-ah te an awm tlangpui thin. Sum bakah hian ei tur, in tur, meizial (cigarette) emaw thil chihrang hrang eng eng emaw an dil thei bawk.
KUTDAWH HNÂWL TUR EM NI?
Kutdawh hnâwl leh hnâwl loh chungchangah hian inhnialna tam tak a awm thei a, thlirna chihrang hrangin a thlir theih a ni. Chungte chu: (a). Dan bawhchhiatna (Criminalization): Legal system tam takah chuan kut dawh hi dan bawhchhiatna a ni a, mahse, mi thenkhat chuan dan bawhchhiatna anga ngaih chu retheihna dan bawhchhiatna nen a inang niin an sawi. An sawi dan chuan, kut dawh hmuhsit leh an mihring dikna chanvo bawhchhiatsaknateleh hnawhchhuahnate chu thil sual rapthlak tak tihnaah an ngai a ni.
(b). Hmanraw hmansualna:
Kutdawhna hian mi harsa zawkte chu a a khaichhuak thei naa, retheihnaah a hruai lut lehzual thei a ni. Mimal emaw, pawl inthurual emaw hmanga kut dawh tura innawrna a awm thei bawk. Chin tha lo leh damdawi ruihhlo tihhluar theihna a tel thei bawk.
(c ). Internet hmanga kut dawh hi tunlai thil tih dan pakhat a ni a, miten midang hnena pawisa pe turin an ngen a, mimal taka pek ai chuan. Internet-a kut dawh hian damdawi lama inenkawlna leh chenna hmun ang chi mamawh bulpui phuhrukna tura tanpuina leh dilna te, chu bâkah, miten chawlh, sikul kalna, leh thil dangte man pe tûra dîlnate a huam thei.
Kutdawhtute chu sakhaw lama kut dawhna nen an danglam a, kutdawh thenkhat chuan pawisa kher dil lovin a bungrua (property)-in an dil thin. An eizawnna chu khawtlang nunah sakhaw rawngbawlna chi hrang hrang hmanga pek an ni.
KUTDAWH HAUSA BER
India mi Bharat Jain, Mumbai, Maharashtra state-a mi hi khawvela kutdawh hausa ber tia sawi a ni fo thin. Jain hausakna hi Rs 7.5 vbc a ni. Mumbai-ah hian rosum (property) tam tak a nei a, apartment pahnih a nei bawk a, dawr luah man pawh a tel nual bawk. Jain hian ni khatah Rs 2,000 – Rs 2,500 inkar vel a hlawh a, chu chu a kut dawhna hmun leh mi thilphal a tawnte azirin a ni. Hei hi thla khatah Rs 60,000– Rs 75,000 vel a ni. Jain hian ni khatah darkar 10-12 vel, châwl lovin kut a dawh thin. Jain-a naupan lai hun chu sum leh pai lama harsatnain a khat a, chuvang chuan lehkha a zir theih loh phah a ni. Kum 40 chuang kal ta chhung khan a sum lakluhna bulpui ber chu kut dawh a ni. Jain hian kut a la dawh chhunzawm zel a, a chhungte rem tih loh chung pawhin, nuam a tih êm avangin a hna ngai hi a la chhunzawm zel a ni. Jain-a chanchin atang hian taimaknain sum leh paia hlawhtlinna a thlen theihzia a tilang chiang hle a, India rama kutdawh industry lian tak a nihzia a tarlang bawk a, heta tang hian midangte pawhin hausakna tam tak an nei thei a ni tih a lang chiang hle bawk. India ram Kolkata khawpui kawngpui sira kutdawh pakhat chuan car a nei a; tunlai India rama kutdawhte hi kutdawh ni awm lo taka khawsa theite pawh an awm nia ngaih a ni. Mi tam takin “kutdawh thenkhat chu an rethei tak tak lo niin an ngai thin. Chu ai chuan retheih êm êm vang ni lova hnathawh mumal tak anga hmang professional beggar an ni zawk” an ti thin. Kutdawha inbumna (scam) chungchangah hian ngaihdan zau tak a awm a. He ngaihdan hi Grassroots Research Organization Aashray Adhikar Abhiyan (GROAAA)-te chuan an hnial a, “kutdawh leh chenna nei lo tam zawkte chu rethei leh retheih luattuk. avanga midangte tana hlauhawm khawpte pawh an awm a ni” an ti. An zirchiannaah chuan mipa zaa 99 leh hmeichhia zaa 97 chuan retheihna chungchuang (abject poverty) vangin kut an dawh tih a tarlang. Mihring nunah hian kut dawhna hi khawvel lo awm tan tirh atang khan a awm tawh a ni mai thei. Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah khawtlang tam zawkah chuan kawngpuiah kut dawhna hi a thleng tawh a, mahse a hluar dan leh a awm dan dik tak chu a inang lo hle.
Hmanlai Grik-ho chuan mirethei (pénes-active poor) leh rethei pangngai (passive poor)-te chu an thliar hrang a. Pénes chu hna nei mi a ni a, a hna erawh eizawnna tur tak taka innghahna tling lo chauh a ni a, ptochós erawh chu midang chunga innghat vek an ni thung. Kut dawhna hi India ramah hian kum zabi kalta atanga lo awm tawh social phenomenon a ni. Medieval leh a hma lamah chuan kut dawh hi hna pawmtlak anga ngaih a ni a, chu chu traditional social structure chhungah chuan pawm a ni. Hetianga kutdawhtute leh mi retheite hnena dilna leh thilpek pek dan hi India ramah hian hman a la ni reng a, kum 2015 chhung khan kutdawh 500,000 chuang an awm tawh a ni. Tun dinhmuna : 81,244
Uttar Pradesh: 65,835
Andra Pradesh:
30,218
Bihar 29,231
Madhya Pradesh: 28,695
Mizoram : 53
British Poor Laws, Renaissance hunlai atanga lo awm tawh chuan kutdawh chungchangah khapna chi hrang hrang a siam a. kut dawh chu rualbanlote tan chauh phalsak an ni. He system hi workhouse-ah a lo thang chho ta a, chu chu state-in a enkawl institution a ni. Kum zabi 20-naa welfare state chuan state sum atanga mi retheite mamawh direct-a a pek avangin kutdawh a tihtlem phah hle a ni. India ramah hian the Prevention of Begging Act, 1960 leh the Bombay Prevention of Begging Act, 1959-te a awm a. He dan hian a huam chhunga kut dawh chu thil sualah a ngai a ni. Police officer emaw, phalna nei lo, tupawh mit a dawh lai hmuh a nih chuan man theih an ni. BPB Act, 1959 dan hian kutdawh chu certified institution-ah kum khat atanga kum thum chhung hren theih a ni. Heng institution te hian an tum ber chu kutdawhte chu vocation hmanga mahni inrintawkna nei tura tanpui hi a ni. India ramah hian Central Scheme hrang hrang entir nan-NREGS etc. avangin kutdawh an tlem phah nia ngaih a ni.
KUTDAWH HNAM KAN NI EM?
CM hlui Pu Hawla khan- “Mizote hi kutdawh hnam kan ni” a ti thin ni khan an sawi a, a dik duh hmel hle. Mizote hian kut dawh nih kan zak a, kan intodelh hram hram thin. Insawi theih nan tak hmangin “Mizoramah kutdawh kan awm ve lo” Kan ti tehchawk a; mahse, kum 2011 chhiarpui khian a tarlan danin Mizoramin kutdawh 53 lai kan nei ve. State dangte ngaihtuah chuan lutdawh nei lo tawp ang tluk kan ni mahnat Mahse, hetih lai hian kan sakhuana leh NGO neuh neuh tam ta lutuk avang hian thawhlawm phuahchawp chihrang hrang khawnin kut kan dawh nasa ber zawk niin a lang. Mirethei thawhlawm thawh tur nei ve lo tan phei chuan phurrit leh lungngaihna thlentu mai a lo ni. Kohhran, YMA, MUP, MHIP, Political party, NGO hrang hrang leh pressure group hrang bakah Pawl lo Pawl, “thawhlawm a ngai tawh lo” ti Pawl thlengin sum khawn leh khawntesep neuh neuh kan ngah hle. Heng zawng zawng hi kutdawhna chikhat vek a ni. Tlema nei nung ve deuh lo tan phei chuan engahmah hian tel leh inrawlh ve hleih theih pawh a ni ta love. Chuvangin, kutdawh hnam chu kan ang viau law’m nit Kan state lahin thawhchhuah nei mumal lovin Delhi drip khai ngai rêng rêngin kan sawisel vak vak thin vaiho hnenah kut kan dawh kumtin-kumtang a, thei leh thlai chawhmeh hnephnawl lah state pawn atanga lakluh bang thei hek suh. Kan kut dawh dan phung a danglam mai chauh a ni ber e.
A TLÃNGKAWMNA
Kutdawh awmzia, an dinhmun leh nihna kan hre chiang ta. Mithenkhatin Kutdawhte hi kan hmusit hle a, kan nuihsawh a, kan diriam thin. Mahse, kutdawh mamawh ngawih ngawih, engmah thawk thei lo, kuttualleichham, pianphunga rualbanlo, piangsualte hian a thlawna mi tanpuina dila kut an dawh ve mai loh chuan ei leh in silh leh fen tur leh tawmhulna tur Hulhliapte an mamawh ve a, heng an damkhawchhuahna tura an nitin mamawhte hi engtinnge an neih theih tehlul angt Chuvangin, kut dawh mamawh ngawih ngawihte hi lo ngaimawha lo huphurh êm êm thin hi kan tihtur a ni ber lovang. Kan khawngaihin lainatna tinreng nen kan tanpuiin kan tuam hlawm zawk tur a ni. Mahse, tun laiin thil chihrang hrangah a lem leh a tak a awm thin angin kutdawh zingah pawh a lem, kutdawh tur ni lo, lemchang, duhamna avanga kut dawh ching an awm ve thin avangin fimkhur a ngai hle. Entir nan: Aizawl kawtthler pakhata mitdel kutdawh pakhat chu mitdel ve lo mi pangngai tak pakhat a thianpain kut a dawhpui a, engmah a hmuh ve theih miau loh avangin bawma a sum dawh tlingkhawmsa chu ama ipteah a tam zawk a khung hmiah zela chutiang zela thla 3 chhung a hlepruksak meuh chuan an inchhungah bungraw changkang tak tak hmuh tur a awm nual hman a ni awm e. Chuvangin, sawrkar hian ‘the Prevention of Begging Act, 1960’ hmangin emaw, kan state mila herremin kutdawh tlêm tê kan neihte hi tun atang hian awmze nei takin kaihhruaiin enkawl se; hnamdang pawh ni se kutdawh dik tak ILP felfai tak nei a nih phawt chuan zalen takin a dikna chanvo hmang ve mai se. Kutdawhte tan pawh nunhlim tak an nei ve thei ngei ang. Kutdawh dik tak sawrkarin a finfiah tawh chu uniform kawr emaw, badge emaw, chhinchhiah bikna siamin pe vek se mipuite pawhin ngaih tha takin tanpuina kan pe thei dawn a ni. A engemaw miah hmaa kutdawh hmuhsit, diriam, lo huphurh nghal ringawt kan chin thinna leh kutdawh kan ngaihtheihlohnate hi a reh tial tial ang a, kan kristianna hi a takin kan parchhuahpui thei mai dawn a ni. Kut dawh mamawh ngawih ngawihte hian kan buhmal tlate an lo chhar duh a nih phawt chuan ui lovin dawh thei taka lo tuamhlawmin zalen takin kan buhmaI tlate hi i chhartin thin ang u.