- Dr. J.T. Vanlalngheta, Ziak Mi Lexis & Law
Mizoram chhûnga India khua leh tuite chauh ni lo, India ram khua leh tui zawng zawngte hi sumdâwngte thil zawrh leitu an ni vek mai a; kawng lehlama sawi chuan, khua-leh-tui, man chawia thil hmangtute emaw, a man pea mi dangte’n hna an thawhsak emawte chu, a pâwnga taka palzamsak mai chi loh ‘thil leitu, dikna chanvo nei anga ngaih an ni vek mai.
Thil leitute hi pâwl khatah inhlâwm khâwm ta ang sela, pâwl zawng zawnga mihring ngah ber leh chak ber an ni hial ang a; mi nâwlpui leh mi retheite tan hruaitute bêla dikna chanvo hlen chhuah a awl phah ngei bawk ang; amaherawhchu, an inhlâwm khâwm that loh avângin leh an tan rual loh avangin thil leituten an dikna chanvo a nih dan tur angin an hlen chhuak lo fo a ni. Chuvang chuan, sumdâwn dân dik tawk lo vangin tuartu an awm zel niin a lang. Tin, mi lian leh mi thiamte chu sumdawngte (emaw an ai awh te, Sorkar/company peng hrang hrangte emaw) laka an lung awi loh chang pawhin mahni dikna sawi chhuak thei an nih bakah a sawina hmun (consumer forum)-a thlen nachang hria leh thlen thei an ni a. Chutih laiin, mi retheite, mi mawl deuh zawkte leh mi nawlpuite chuan an thil lei nih phung (quality, etc)-ah lung awi lohna nei pawh ni se, a thawi dam dan an hre lo tlangpui thin; chutiang chu thil namen lo tak, dân mita ngaihthah chi loh tak a ni.
Vanglaini Chanchinbu chhuak hmasa lamah khan thil leitu leh man chawia hmangtute chu LAL an nih thu “LAL KA NI” tih thupuia hmangin kan lo sawi tawh a; a tawi zawnga sawi chuan, sumdâwng leh dâwrkaite hian an thil zawrh an hralh hma, a leitu tûrte hîp nana an chêtlâkna zawng zawng (advertisement) atanga an thil zawrh an hralh hnu thleng pawh hian Thil Leitute Vên Himna Dân (The Consumer Protection Act 1986, 2019-a en nawn; he dân hi ‘CPA’ tia sawi zel a ni tawh ang) hnuaiah hian an kûn si. He thu hi sumdâwng tam tak chuan an hrelo vang.
Mizoram chhunga sumdâwng leh dawr kaite hi tun hma ngaihtuah chuan an fel tawh khawpin a hriat a. Lirthei chi hrang hrang zuartute pawh hi han dâwr ila, vai dawrkai nen an danglamna a awm tawh meuh lo; an dawr tlawhtute lakah an hawihhâwm tawh hle; tum khat chu, a hma sâwn zâwnga dâwrkaite mizia lo danglam ta ka hmuh chuan min ti lâwm a,” In thil zawrh kan lei dawn leh lei laiin i hawihâwm a, a lâwmawm hle mai; a hnu kum ral fe liam hnuah pawh, tûn ang tho hian kan lakah in la hawihhâwm ang em,” tiin ka’n fiam pek a, anni lahin, “Tehrêng mai,” an ti sam vê êt bawk a.
Tûn tumah hian thil tam tak kan sawi hman lo vang a, hriat atana pawimawh zual tlêm tê chauh kan thai lang rih ang; chu’ng pawh chu CPA-in a sawi angin.
- SUMDÂWNGTE CHÎN DÂN THA LO (unfair trade practice under the CPA):
Hei hian a leitute bum zâwng emaw, thlim zawng emawa sumdâwn emaw, helam hawia bungraw hralha chêt lâkna ang chî zawng zawngte leh, a man la si, dik tâwk lova mi dangte hna thawhsak emaw, dânin a khap emaw, thu buai remna (court)-in a lo ngaih thu tak êm êm tawh, zawrh thil dik tâwk lo ang chi hralh chhunzawm char char te hi a huam vek a. CPA Section 2 (47) chuan hetiang hian sumdâwnna dik tâwk lo a sawi a–
- Bungrua, a tak tak ni lo siam/deh chhuah emaw; thawhsak man lâa hna inthawhsak ni ve si, inthawhsak that tâwk loh (inferior services) ang chi te.
- A tha chi (premium quality) zuar anga insawi a; a tak takah chuan, a tha lo chi (substandard quality) zuar si te.
- Thil deh chhuah emaw, hna inthawhsak emawa chumi tih chianna lehkha emaw, electronic hmang pawha inhrilh lehna (invoice/cash memos) inthawn loh ang chi te.
- Bungraw thleng emaw, lâk lêt emaw chânga a man inpêk let (reimburse) leh si loh ang chi te: thil zawrh kha a zuartute sawi anga tha a lo nih si loh emaw pawha ‘engti kawng maha thleng leh theih loh” tih thupuia neih hrim hrim ang chite hi thil dik lo a ni.
- Thil leitu/hmangtu mi mal thil, lei leh hralh nena inkunglaihna nei si lo, thil tul lo inpuan darhsak ang chi te.
- A man puan zâr loh (non-disclosure of hidden charges): ziaka hmuh theih chinah, hemi chungchanga ti dik lo thin nia ngaih vanga ziah lante chu banking, telecom leh insurance lam te an ni.
- Mipuiin hun khirh an tawh lai emaw, hun harsa an tawh kher loh pawha bungraw hralh to duh vanga chheprelh te, bungraw vâng ni si lo, hralh to duh vanga mipui benga bungraw váng anga lantîr duh vanga dik lo taka bungraw chhêk khâwl rûk te; hei hian damdawi lam chi zuar te, tui alh thei zuar te, chaw leh ei leh in lam chi zawng zawng zuarte a kawk ang.
- Thil hman tawh (second-hand) ni si, a thar hlak anga mi dang leitir ang chi te.
- Thil zawrh sawi mawina (advertisement)-in a târ lan ang ni lo a leitute hnena thil hralh leh advertisement-in a tar lan, a leitute hlâwkna tur ang chi pêk leh si loh ang te.
- Thu neitute rem tih hnu chauhva hralh tur, chutiang rem tihpuina (certificate) nei lova ei-in lam chi hralh te.
- Thil zawrh chuan a thatzia tih chianna emaw, tiamkamna (warranty/guaranty) emaw a nei tih sawi si a; nimahsela, chutiang chu a tak taka hman theih ni leh si lo ang chi te.
- Thil zawrh leite tâna thil thlâwn pêk (gifts) leh lâwm man ilote tiam a; mahse, a taka chutiang hmuh tur awm fum fê leh si lo te.
- Himna tih chianna (safety certification) thil tel lo va kawl-phe-tha lam chi that kim lohna nei hralh te.
Kum 2019-a Dan siam that hian a hâwl zau ta hle mai a, thil hralh leh lei inkara thil tha lo emaw, him tâwk lo emaw ang chi hrim hrim, entir nan, insawi mawina (advertisement)-a a lei turte rilru kaihruai sual thei te, a ni lo zâwk zawrh leh hralh te, a man chhiar chungchanga a zuar tuin a duh duha a man a chin leh ang chi te, a tira a man bi tuk zat tar lan/inbel ‘MRP’ aia sanga hralh duh vanga, a inziak sa tih reh emaw, siam chawl bel hnan emaw te chu ‘Sumdâwn dân dik tâwk lo’ chuan a huam vek a ni.
A chunga kan sawi- sum dâwnna dik lo tuartute chuan an dikna chanvo hlen chhuah nan a hnuaia thu neitute hi an pan thei:
- District Forum: An lung awi lohna/intih buaina chhan hlutna zâwng chu Rs nuai 20 thleng a nihin.
- State Commission: Lung awi lohna/innghirnghona chhan hlut zâwng chu Rs nuai 20 leh vaibêl-chhe- khat inkar a nihin emaw,
- National Commission: Bungrua emaw hna inthawhsak ang chia lung awi lohna chhan hlutna chu Rs. vaibêl-chhe- khat aia tam a nihin.
A chunga kan han sawi tak ang chia mahni dikna chanvo hlen chhuah tumte chuan advocate ruai hmasa lova, anmahni chhan nan liau liauva ding ‘thu neitu’ (Consumer Forum) pan hmasak chu a tha zâwk ang.
- Zirna (education) hi kan thu ziah tih tâwp nan i’n hmang teh ang:
Mi thenkhate’n Zirna hi CPA thu neih phak lohna mualah an ngai a ni âwm e; hei hi ngaih dân dik lo a ni. Zirtirna inpek (imparting education) hi CPA thu neihna hnuaia mi a ni (Budhist Mission Dental College & Hospital vs Bhupesh, 1 (2009) Khurana, 1 CPJ) 25 (SC).
“Tunlaiin, school hrang hrang, college hrang hrang, university hrang hrang, institute hrang hrang leh computer zirna hrang hrangahte zir laite’n admission an zawng a, heng Zirna Inte insawi mawina leh brochure (tawi kim taka thil pawimawh ziahna lehkhabu tê)-te hi a dik ngei em tih an chîk a ngai hle mai….a huna admission tih a ngaih avanga hmanhmawh taka admission an buaipui lai hian zir laite leh an nu leh pate’n thil an (zâwt) chîk tâwk lo fo. Duh thlan tur awm hek lo, he’ng Zirna In kan sawite’na pek tur an tih ang ang, donation tam tak takte thleng hian, an pe hmiah hmiah lo thei lo a; security deposite te, tuition fee, sports fee leh a dang man atânte an pe lo thei lo a. Nu leh pate’n an hriat loh chu: he’ng zirna in tam takte hian thil man inthup (hidden costs), entir nan- building charge te leh hma sawnna (development) charge tih ang te an la belhchhah hi a ni a; an insawi mawina (advertisement) behchhan chuan sum an la lût a, nu leh zir laite’n an pe lo thei si lo a ni. Tunlai hian Zirna (education) chu sumdâwnna dik takah a lo chang ta a ni,” [(Rf: Rajyalakshmi Rao, Consumer is King!, (forward by Justice MB Shah, former Judge, Supreme Court of India)], New Delhi, Universal Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2010, pp 310). Zirna hi sumdâwn nana hman (commercialization of education) a nih tâk hnu hian zirna in chungchngah nu leh pate leh zir laite an fimkhur a ngai tak zet a ni (ibid, pp.310).