- Dr. C. Lalengkima
Khawvel ram inrelbawl dan (international politics) en hian, India ram hi tun hma kum 78 liam (1947) nen a khaikhin chuan ram hmasawn leh thiltithei tak kan ni ve ta reng mai. Hetiang dinhmuna kan din theihna tur hian kan ram hruaitu hmasa ten nasa takin tan an lo la a, hetiang dinhmun hi kan thleng thei ta a ni. Tun laia India ramin khawvel politics lumlet vela a dinhmun hi inbihchiang dawn teh ang.
Tun hma lam India dinhmun: Tun hma lam chuan India hi Kumpinu in min awp avang khan ram hausa leh thiltithei tak a ni lem lo. Hun rei tak zalenna kan sual hnu in kum 1947 ah zalenna kan nei a. Hetih lai hian khawvel politics chu hmun hnihah a inthen phawk a, US leh a thuihruai, democracy sorkar (capitalist an tih bawk te) awn lam kha ‘khawtlang ram’ (western bloc) an ti a, chumi ep chiah chuan ‘khawchhak ram’, Communist sorkar awn lam (eastern bloc) te kha an awm bawk a. Khawtlang leh khawchhak lam inepna (Cold war) nasat chhoh hun lai tak a ni. Kha tih hun lai khan India hian khawchhak emaw khawtlang emaw awn lova awm a tum a. Ram thang lai an tih, ram rethei zawkte nen khawvel pathumna (third world) dinin khatih hun laia pawl lian tak, Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) chu an din a nih kha.
A dik tak chuan khatih hun lai khan India hian thian a thlang fuh tawk lo deuh em aw tih tur a ni. Heng Africa, Asia leh South America rama awmte hi an tam viau nain, ram hausa lo te te an ni hlawm a. Ram indinthar leh zalen tharte an nih avangin ei leh bar (economy) lamah in tanpui leh chuang tur an awm loh avangin an mahni ngawtin an inawm thlei zo meuh lo. Khawtlang emaw khawchhak emaw atanga tanpuina an mamawh lo thei lova, an pawl din thar (NAM) pawh chu a chak tak tak thei lo. India ngei pawh USSR lam awn in a peng ve lo thei ta lo a ni. Tin, ei leh bar kawngah pawh ‘Socialism’ an tih mai kha kan buaipui a, hma kan sawn chak viau thei lo, retheih a kairuala, ram dang nen inthianthat kawngah pawh kan thawm a ring lova, USSR tih loh chu thian tha tak pawh kan nei viau lo te pawh ti ila a dik mai awm e.
India hun inher danglam hun: India ram history han en hian kum 1991 chho kha India hun inher danglam hun pawimawh tak anga sawi theih a ni. Sum leh pai, ei leh bar zawn kawngah inhawn zauna (liberalize economy), ram inawpna kawngah Panchayati Raj leh Municipal lam dan pui (constitution) a dah luh hun a lo ni a. Ram dang nen an inthianthatnaah pawh India insingsak thar hun, India hian khawchhak lam hawi (Look East Policy) leh khawtlang ram lam nen inkungaihna tha zawk a neih chhohna hun a ni. Tun hma lama India in ram thanglai leh rethei zawkte lam hlir a hawi thin kha, Cold war ber a tawp a, NAM hlutna a tlahniam ta bawk nen changdang kan zai relin, kum 1990 chhoah chuan a ei leh bar dinhmun ziaawm chho ta bawk nen ram dangte nen pawh inzawmna tha zawk an nei chho ta a ni. He hun inthlak danglam hun lai hi India ramah lar hluai angin hre lo mah ila, India ram tan chuan hun chhinchhiah tlak tak a ni ka ti lo thei lo ang.
He hun inthlak danglam chhoah hian nuclear ralthuamte enchhin a ni chho a, khawvelin India min hmuh dan a nep thei lo. Ralthuam chauh ni lovin, ei leh bar, sum leh pai dinhmun ziaawm chhoh avangin ram dang nen inkungkaihna tha zawk neih zel a ni. Tun hma lam India be tha duh lo ramte pawhin India chu ram thangduang takah ngaiin inkungkaihna tha tak an siam chho ta zel a. Khawii lamah pawh India hawina lam chu a kaw ve duak duak ta emaw tih tur a ni a. Tun hmalam hun hmasa nen a ngaihtuah chuan danglamna ropui tak tih loh rual a ni lo.
India leh a thenawm ramte: India hian ram dang nen a inkungkaihna kawngah hian thenawm ramte nen a tha taka awm tlan hi a policy nghet, a ngaihpawimawh angin sawi thin a ni. Nehru atanga Rajiv thleng khan thenawm ramte nen pangai takin inkungkaihna pawh kal pui a ni. Roa hun laiin tlemin boruak a zia chho a, an hawi vak loh, khawchhak lam pawh hawi a ni a. Gujral khan India hi a thenawm ram, a bikin Asia chhim lam mite zingah ram lian leh hausa ber a ni bawk a, India hian unau zinga upa ber chan changin, mi dang laka beisei let nei lovin a kuahkhawmin a tanpui tur a ni tiin a lo au pui a. Chu chu ‘Gujral Doctrine’ te an ti hial a. Vajpayee khan thenawm ramte a ngaihsak ber a, a ni hian Pakistan te nen a inthian thatna pawh a ngaihtuah ber kan ti thei awm e. Mahse, Pakistan hi ngaihsak a nih pauh leh hian a sual zual emaw tih tur a ni. Manmohan Singh hun lai pawh khan thenawm ram chu ngaihthah a ni lem lo. Hun inher zelah Modi hun a lo in hre chhuak a, hei hian chuan thenawm ram kal kan in ram lian leh hausa lama hawi a, thenawm tamte lam chu a ngaihsak an ni lutuk lo.
China hi India thian tha nih pui theih miah loh ram zinga mi a ni a. Kum 1949 a PR China a din khan India hi a pawm hmasa ber tute zingah a tel a. Kum 1954 ah in remna lar tak, ‘Panchsheel’ an siam a, an hming than pui viau mai. Amaherawhchu, 1959 ah Dalai Lama India ramah a lo tlanchhiat atangin India leh China hi an inthian tha thei ta meuh lo. 1962 ah phei chuan China hian min run a, 1964 ah nuclear an test hnuah ngat phei chuan India ram tan hian kawmngeih zui theih a ni ta lo. Ram lian pahnih, thang duang ve ve an ni bawk a, inngaih lohna, intihthiam loh leh buaina chhuah tum a awm zauh zauh fo mai. Tunah phei chuan India el ber tu Pakistan chu China fachuam a ni ta emaw tih tur a ni a, China chu India tana ram hnawksak leh buaithlak ber a ni mek a ni.
India leh ram hmasawnho: Sawi tawh angin India hian tun hmain ram lian leh thiltithei lam a awn viau lo. Mahse, Cold war laiin US lam a awn loh chuan a eptu USSR a awn a ngai a. USSR thlazar hnuaiah hun rei tak hun hmangin USSR hian a fachuam angin a en a, duhsakna tinreng a pe ti ila kan sawi sual awm love. Ralthuam a pe in leh mihring te a training tir bakah ei leh bar kawngah te, policy hrang hrangah USSR tihdan hi a copy na sa viau mai. Mahse, kum 1991 USSR a rawn kehdarh khan Cold war boruak a reh a, India tualchhung a insiamremna leh insiamthatna nen a innang ta chiah bawk a. India chuan ram dang nen inthian that zai a rel ve ta a ni. Mahse, an hmangaihna hmasa erawh an ban thei meuh lo a ni.
India leh US hi tun hma chuan an inkungkaihna a tha viau ngai lova, a chhan pawh Cold War politics avang a ni ber. US hi Pakistan nen inkungaihna thuk tak siamin, India hi US in a duhsak ram a ni ngai lo. Khatih lai khan India hian US thiantha tak nih pawh kha a tum em em lem lo emaw tih tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, hun in her danglam zel karah Cold war boruak a reh hun leh India ei leh bar dinhmun ziaawm hun a in nang a, US pawhin India hmakhua leh thiltihtheihna tur hmulawk thiamin, inkungkaihna tha tak a siam pui ve ta a ni.
Tunah chuan India hi khawvela ram hmasawn chak ber pawl a ni a. Khawvelin hmasawnna tura thiltihtheihna an tih ‘Hard power’ heng ei leh bar dinhmun tha leh ralthuam lamah pawh a duai lo hle a. Ei leh bar kawngah pawh ram hmasawn tak niin tunah hian 6.5% chuang in a thang mek a. Khawvela economy lian 4-na a ni mek a, sipai lamah ni se a lian 4-na a ni mek bawk a. Chutih laiin ram thang zel turin a mamawh theihna hrang hrang ‘ Soft Power’ an tih heng diplomacy, culture leh nunphung lam te, kan history thlenga en hian khawvela ram hmasawn tak ni theihna hi kan nei tha viau a, heng kan thiltihtheihna te hi uluk taka kan hmang tangkai chuan tun ai hian nasa leh zualin hma kan sawn ngei ang.
Mi tam tak chuan India tih hian ram hmansawn tawk lo, ram bal leh tawp, retheih leh mawlna in ro a relna hmun ang hial hian an sawi thin. Nia, kum tam tak chu khawvel ram hmuhsit, deuhsawh kan tawk thin ngei reng a ni. Mahse, muangchangin kan dinhmunte sawhngheh zel a ni a. Tunah chuan khawiin hmunah pawh India mi nih hi a zahthlak lo tan ta viau mai, India tih hi ram hmasawn leh thangduang tak a nih tih hi khawvel hian an hai lo chho ve zel a ni. Khawvel politics boruak inlumlet karah pawh hmasawn kan sawn zel a, kan hmabak hi a eng ve viau in a lang.