- Anthony Lalchhuanmawia, IIT Bombay
- Thuhma
Tunlai khawvelah chuan engkimah mai hian science-in hnuhma a nei vek emaw tih mai tur a ni a. Khawvel hmun tinah, kawng tin rengah science hian bu a khuar hneh hle a. Nitin khawsakna: khawtlang, khua, leh ram inrelbawlnaahte inrawlh lohna a nei lo. Mihring hi a tel lovin kan awm thei tawh lo tih tur khawpin mihring nun leh khawvel a luh chhuah hneh em em a ni.
Science thiamna kaltlanga hamthatna leh hmasawnna kan dawnte hi sawi nep theih an ni lo a. Chumi avang chuan hriatna leh thiamna bulfûk pawh science huang atang chauha thlir duhna a lo lian chho ta zel a. Chuti ang zelin, thil engkim deuh thaw mai teh nana, science hmachhuanna chuan a rawn ken tel pakhat chu, engkim hrilhfiah tum ve tho tu—sakhuana, ngaihnepna a ni a. Chumi awmzia chu Science chuan sakhuana a rawn hnawl chat chat tihna a nih chu. Science chuan tehna fir tak pakhat atanga rawn teh vek a tum vangin, thil dang tam tak mihring nuna pawimawhna nei tho si a hnualsuat ta teuh thung a. Hei hi Modern Science rawn pian hnu atanga ngaihdan lo piang tan a ni a, vawiin ni thlengin he ngaihdan hi a la hluar em em a ni.
Science leh Kristianna tih lehkhabu hian sakhuana leh science inlaichinna en dan dang min rawn hlui a tum a. Science chu, chu chu a ni e, rawn ti thla ringawt lovin, tun ang huna science kan tih lo pianchhuah dan, a chepakai atanga rawn chhuiin, hrilhfiah a tum a ni. A ziaktu hian science tangkaina (science hmanga hamthatna kan dawn) lam sawi a tum lo a, science ziarang en chikna, science nihna (ontology) a rawn chhui zau a ni deuh ber. A lehkhabu ka chhiarna atanga a thil sawi tum tih ngheh (substantiate) nana a hman pahnih pawimawh ka tih deuh chu: history leh philosophy of science, a bikin Kuhn a science hmuhdan ziarang a rawn hmang hi a ni.
- History pawimawhna
A lehkhabu chhiar tawh chuan a thil sawi tum tih ngheh nan history a rawn hman hi kan man fuh vek turah ngai ila. Science pawh history atanga rawn irhchhuak; a rawn irhchhuah nana sakhuana pawimawh zia he lehkhabu hian rawn sawi a tum ber a. Sakhuana tam tak zinga pakhat, Kristiannain Modern Science lo pianchhuah theihna tura kawng a lo sial dan leh a pawimawhnate a rawn phawrh chiang em em a ni. History kan en chuan enge thleng, engtinnge a thlen? Tihte chîk taka en a ni a, chumi atang chuan a inkungkaihna inzawmna, leh hriatthiamna mumal zawk kan neih theih phah a ni.
He lehkhabu hian Science leh Kristianna a rawn historicize a, chumi kaltlang chuan ngaihdan mumal tak rawn chhawpchhuah a tum a ni. Kristianna hi Lehkhabu Thianghlim, thurin leh thuthlungah chauh a inthlurbing lo tih he lehkhabu atang hian a chiang em em a. Hemi rawn tifiahtu atana a ziaktuin a rawn tanchhan chu : Book of Scripture leh Book of Nature a rawn hmang hi a ni. Book of Nature, Khuarel Lehkhabu hmang hian science leh Kristianna inhal lohna rawn sawi lutin, puithiam te ngei ngei pawhin Khuarel zirchianna lama tha an thawh ve nasat thute kan hmu a ni. Modern Science a rawn pian theih chhan chu thil zirchiang tura zalenna (autonomy) an in pek avang te, finna inhawng taka an dawn sawn avangte a nih thu a ziak a, heihi historical example nen a rawn chhuzui vek bawk a ni. Kristianna atanga Modern Science lo piang hi tih palh thil thu a nih loh zia, sakhaw hran hran awm zinga Kristianna thil tih rah (role a play) a nihna he lehkhabu hian sawi tum a, a tanchhan pawimawh tak pakhat pawh a ni e a tih theih awm e.
- Science ziarang leh kalphung: Philosophy of Science thlirna atang
History a pawimawh ang chiah hian he lehkhabu a pawimawh em em dang chu philosophy of science a ni. A ziaktu hian Thomas Kuhn-a’n science ziarang a sawina hi a lehkhabu tan hmun sawhngheh nan a hmang tangkai em em a. Hei hi a pawimawh leh hle bawk a ni. A chhan chu science kan hriat dan thin ni lo, a aia thuk zawkin a ziarang a rawn sawi tlat a ni. A lehkhabu piahlam sawi hlek i la. Kuhn-a hun pui tho ami Karl Popper-a chuan Science chu a diklo kan hriata a aia dik zawk kan zawn zelna (falsification) a ti a, mahse Kuhn-a erawh chuan a falsify theihna lam ngawt en loin, a methodology siamtu, a empirical observation neih dante zawng zawng fûnkim takin a en thung a ni. A awmzia chu, science chu hei hi a ni e, method chu chu a nei bîk, a finfiah theih tih piahlam thil a en tihna a ni.
Chuti ang scientific method te chu a hunlai ngaihtuahna leh finnain alo hril (kaihruai) ve zia te, a empirical ngawr ngawrna ni loin a hunlai ngaihtuahna in awmze thuk tak a neih dante a sawi a, tin a hun lai mil zela a danglam dante chik takin he lehkhabuah hian zir chian a ni. Entirna pakhat chu, classical mechanics leh quantum mechanics hi thil inang lo, mahse khawvel pakhat hmuhdan ni si an ni. An pahnihah hian finfiahna leh falsification kha chu a awm reng a; mahsela, thlirdan leh ngaihtuahna kha a dang ta chiah a ni. Popper-a’n falsification ri ngawt sawiin, Kuhn-a erawh in a hunlai ngaihtuahna (episteme, Foucault-a’n a tih ang deuh kha) leh kalphung emaw kalhmang emaw (paradigm)-in science ziarang a pek dan a sawi thung a ni.
Han sawi zau leh ta zel ila. He kalphung (paradigm) hnuaiah hian observation tih dan bik leh thil va hmuh dan bik kha a awm tawh thin a—empirical verifiability piahlam thil; ti chuan, chumi hnuaiah chuan engkim kha hrilhfiah leh awmzia neih tir a ni ta thin a ni. Chutia ngel nghet taka paradigm chhunga a awmna chu Kuhn-a’n normal science ti a a sawifiah kha a ni a. A pângaina (normal-na) rawn chawk buai a, chumi huanga leng lo thil danglam bîk (anomaly) a rawn awm khan Scientific revolution a rawn thleng ta thin a. Hetah chiah hian kalphung thar a ngai ta thin a ni. A chhan chu, thil thar (anomaly) kha methodology thara en a lo ngai a; a chhan ber pawh, ngaihtuahna thar emaw paradigm awm sa emaw ni lo, huang tharah chauh dikna (truth) a neih theih tawh avang a ni. Ti chuan, science lama mithiamho (scientific community) ten sawi hoin, “Hei hi I pawm ang u” an ti tlâng ta thin a. Hemi-a hriat tur pawimawh deuh chu: science nihnaa a empirical-na piah lama, mihring ngaihtuahna tâwp chin neiin thutlukna an siam a tel ve tlatna lai hi a ni!
- Modern Science: Hriatna thlei bik nei (Epistemological exclusivity)
He lehkhabu hi chîk taka kan chhiar chuan, science chu finfiahna hmanga entirna (empirical demonstration) ngawr ngawr a nih bîk vek loh zia, chumi piahlama rinna kan tih emaw, mihring suangtuahna te zarzo a, lo piangchhuak ve thin a nihna chen thui tak hmuh tur a awm a ni. Chuti ang zelin, tuna space-time dimension hriathiamna kan neih dan te hi medieval hunlaia Church Father-te’n angel an lo suang tuah dan zara kan neih a ni a. Amaherawhchu, Modern Science a rawn inmûng chho a, science-in zalenna (autonomy) a neih tam leh zual chiah khan a kal khat ta lutuk a, thil tamtak kha a leng tawh lo a, ama paradigm kha tehna vawrtawpah a ngai hmiah a ni. Hemi avang hian a ziaktuin Science hmasa pathum a tih te kha a pawimawh em em a! Kalphung (paradigm) inthlak zel zara tun ang science hi nei thei kan ni tih a rawn finfiah chiang hle a ni.
Science ziarang kan han sawi a, Modern Science tarmit chauha thlirin, science chuan a lêr (zenith) a thleng tawhah kan ngai emaw tih tur khawpin science chu ziarang nghet lo pek kan tum ngawt thin a. A ziarang kan sawi chuan hman ata tawh alo inthlak chhoh dante kan en tel vek a ngai a ni. History dah bo a tuna modern science hi kumkhua a science nih dan turah kan ngai ngawt thei lo tih hi he lehkhabuin a sawi tum pawimawh tak zinga mi a ni. Science chu science a ni ti a, kalphung pakhat sahuai thingvawna pawm deuh bur (dogmatic) kha a scientific lo zawk daih thei tihna nih chu!
Angelte zia an suangtuahna atanga tunlai science hrilhfiahna lo chhuah dante hi kan chîk a nih ngat chuan, science kan tihah hian fet lutuk maia methodology sahuai thingvawn hi a fuhlo zia leh diklo zawk zia kan hre thei dawn tihna a ni. A chhan ber pawh Science nihna ziarang hian inhawng tak leh zalen taka hriatna thlei bik (epistemic exclusivity) a neih loh vang a ni pakhat a ni. Chuti ang a lei tha siamtu chu Kristian sakhua a ni tih hi he lehkhabu hian a sawi ma thlawn lo a. Chuvangin, science leh sakhuana chu inkalh ta bur anga ngaih a harsa ta em em bawk a ni.
- A la in zawm zel nge, a kal hrang tawh?
Nimahsela, tunah chuan secular takin khawvel a kal tawh a, Kohhran atang science leh intellectual activity-te an kal hrang nasa tawh si a; science huanga thiltih (scientific activity) chu State tâ a ni mah zawk tawh a tih theih awm e. Heti ang a secular taka khawvel rawn awm chhan pawh hi Kristianna thawhrah tho a ni. Sawrkar inrelbawlna atanga a inlakhran khan, intellectual activity pawh kha a hrang chho ve ta a. Science baka thiamna leh zirna kaihhnawih chi hrang hrangte kha secular state hnuaiah a awm chho ta a zawk a ni. Hei hian science leh Kristianna inzawmna kha a a phelh ve zel a; he kalhranna hian science chu sakhuana atang thlah zalenin, a hma aia nasa leh zual zawkin hma te pawh a rawn sawn phah ta a ni.
Rene Girard phei chuan, “Science is the patricidal son of Christianity” a ti hial a. A Mizo tawng chuan “Science hian amah hringtu a that” tihna a ni. Kristianna chhunga finna leh hriatna lo pung thur thur khan Kristianna vêk a vawhchhe chho a ngaih a ni ta a. Hemi avang hian Science leh Kristianna pawh inkalh bur a ngaihna a len tâk em em ni. Science-in hmasawnna a rawn thlen nasat lutuk khan mihring thiamna leh finna kha a rawn dah lal ta chiah a, a hringtu ngei pawh a va nek chho ngam ta zawk a ni (Lehkhabuah hian bung 5-na leh bung 6-naah hemi lam hawi hi ziah a ni). Hemi avang te pawh a ni pakhat a, Nietzsche-a’n “God is dead” alo tih chhan. Khawvel kan thlirdan pawh a scientific bîk ta lutuk a, hriatna thu hlaah science a vawk lal len lutukna khan engkimah nghawng a nei chho ta a ni. Chumi avang chuan mithiam tam tak chuan science leh Kristianna inlaichinna te, a lo pârchhoh (evolve) dan te chenin an bengkhawn duh tawh lem lo a. Tuna kalphung (paradigm) a neih mek hi inthlak tawh miah lo tur leh, heti ang ni reng tur hian an ngai hial a ni.
Science huang ni lo-ah pawh science tarmit vuah tum tlatna a rawn nasa chho ta em em a. Philosophy ngei pawh scientific taka dah tumna movement a awm phah a ni tih te kan hrethiam thei ang. Chuti anga thil awm dan emaw, awm tir duhtu emaw te chu logical positivist-ho ti a hriat lar an ni bawk. Fet taka science tehna hmanga engkim teh duhna chuan mihring nuna scientific taka kan va finfiah ngai kher lo: poetry, art, humanities, spirituality, metaphysics hnuaia awmte leh adt., chu a hnawl ta vek a. Mahsela, he project hi a hlawhchham chiang hle, hriatna chi hran hran (epistemic source) te pawimawhna chu science in alo hnawl ngawt theih kha a ni lo tih chu a rawn nemnghet a ni. Chuvang chuan science leh zalenna hi a kalkawp a, tunlai Modern Science-in a methodology fet tak a dah a tum lutuk pawh hi science zalenna rah behna chi khat a ni.
- Tlipna
He lehkhabu hian Kristianna leh Science a sawizawmna hi a history en chuan thil dik a ni. Chutih mek lai chuan science kalphung lo inher danglam leh zelin an in kar a tizau zel tih erawh history atang tho bawk hian a chiang a ni. Zalen leh zuala a awm theih nan Kohhran pawhin a tun lai tawngkam takin a outsource a tih theih ang. Mahse, Kohhran hnuaia a awm tawh lo a, secular taka a kal avangin a in kalh a tih ngawt theih tihna a ni bik chuang lova. A chhan chu Book of Nature thlirna atanga kan en chuan, ‘inzawmna a la chat lo e’ a tih theih tho bawk a ni. Engpawhnise, a lehkhabu hi chhiar la, ngaih dan i siam ve dawn nia.