- Dr. C. Lalrampana
A KAMKÊUNA
Khawvela tawng upa 5-te chungchangah hian inhnialna tam tak a awm. Mahse, historical record leh evidence-te atanga chhût chuan, tun thlenga tawng upa pangate chu hengte hi a ni:
- Sumerian: He tawng hi ziaka tawng hman upa bera ngaih a ni a, Mesopotamia (tunlai Iraq)-a BCE 3100 vel atanga hman tan a ni. Native language anga sawi ni tawh lo mah se, mithiamte chuan an la zir reng a, liturgical context-ah pawh an la hmang reng a ni.
- Sanskrit: Kum 4000-6000 vel kal ta atanga zung kai tawh, Sanskrit hi Indo-European tawng upa tak a ni a, tawng dang tam tak a nghawng a, chung zingah chuan Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Punjabi, leh Nepali-te pawh a tel a ni.
- Egyptian: Egyptian hieroglyphs hi BCE 3200 vela upa a ni a, kum zabi tam tak chhunga tawng hrang hrang, Middle Egyptian, late Egyptian, leh Coptic-te pawh an ni.
- TAMIL: He Dravidian tawng hian literature kalphung hausa tak a nei a, mi tam tak chuan tawng upa ber zinga mi niah an ngai.
- Greek: Kum 3,000 chuang zeta upa history neiin, Greek hi Indo-European tawng hman tawh, attested ber zinga mi a ni a, kum zabi 16-na laia mi a ni. Tin, Akkadian hi Mesopotamia ramah BCE 2500 vela upa a ni a. Hebrai hi kum zabi 10-na BCE atanga lo awm a ni a, Chinese hi 5000-4000 BCE atanga lo piang a ni thei. Arabic hi BCE 1000 vel atanga awm tawha finfiah a ni bawk. Hêng hmân lai tawngte hian mihring nunphung kalsiamah hian hmun pawimawh tak an luah a, kan tawng rohlute zînga mi pawimawh tak tak an ni chhunzawm zêl a ni.
MIZO TAWNG VE HI LE?
Mizo tawng, Duhlian tawng tia hriat bawk hi Tibeto-Burman tawng chhungkaw zinga mi a ni a, history ril tak a nei. A kum dik tak hriat harsa mah se, a bul tanna leh hmasawnna chungchanga thil pawimawh tak chu hetiang hian tarlang ila: A tobul: Tibeto-Burman thlahtute, Mizote pawh telin, kum 7,000 chuang kal taa Yellow River Valleys-a awm Di-Qiang mite atanga lo chhuak niin an ngai a. An pêm kual leh an than chhoh zel dan chu Mizote hi pêm chi, awm hmun sawn chi kan ni a, khawthlang lam hawiin Tai-Shan state zauh zelna leh Mongol Empire-in China a hnehna nen khan a inkaihhnawih vek a ni. He kan pêm hun hi kum zabi 10-na atanga 13-na vel ni ngeia ngaih a ni. Tawng inlumleh dan-Lusei tawng chu Mizo khawsakna hmuna thusawi dan (dominant form of speech) angin a lo chhuak a, a tawpah chuan tunlai Mizo tawng lungphum a lo ni ta a ni. Mizo tawng hi tawng dang, Hmar, Lai, leh Paitete nen pawh a inkungkaih vek a ni. Mizo tawng ziak (script) chu kum 1874 khan Thomas Herbert Lewin-a siam a ni a, a hnuah Kristian missionary J.H. Lorrain leh F.W. Savidge-te chuan Latin script hmangin Hunterian system of transliteration hmangin an rawn thuam hausa chho ta a ni. Tunah chuan Mizo tawng hi Mizoramah pisa tawng (official languag) a ni tawh a, India, Myanmar, leh Bangladesh-ah a taka hmangtu (native speaker) maktaduai khat chuang kan awm tawh a ni. Thil mak tak mai chu tuma zirtir hran lohvin Mizo Tawng hi Burma, Bangladesh leh thenawm state hrang hrang huamchhung thui tak thlengin mi engemawzatin an hmang thei tlat hi a ni.
SAPTAWNG KAN UAR LUTUK
Saptawng hian history ril tak a nei a, kum 1,400 chuang zeta upa a ni tawh. Hetiangin: Hmanlai English (450-1100 AD): English tawng hmasa ber, Anglo-Saxon tia hriat bawk chu kum zabi 5-naah khan England rama German tawng hrang hrang nen a lo chhuak. Middle English (1100-1500 AD): Kum 1066-a Norman-hovin an hneh hnuah French influences chuan tawng chu a thlak danglam a, chu chuan middle English hmasawnna a thlen a ni. Geoffrey Chaucer-a Canterbury Tales ang deuha hnathawh hian he hun chhung hi a awh a ni. Early Modern English (1500-1800 AD): He hun lai hian Renaissance leh King James Bible (1611)-te a nghawng a, chu chuan English standardize a pui a ni. William Shakespeare-a kutchhuakte hi entirna langsar tak chu a ni. Modern English (1800-present): Industrial revolution, British colonialism leh technology lama hmasawnnate chuan tunlai English hi a hring a, chu chuan khawvel pum huap lingua franca a thlen a ni. Khatih chhung zawng khan English hian tawng hrang hrang thumal a lalut a, Latin, Greek, French leh tawng dang tam tak, colonization leh trade hmanga a lakluhte a ni. Khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 1.53-in saptawng an hmang mek. Mizotawng A, AW, B leh ziak (script) min siamsaktu leh kan tawng tihausaa humhalhtu chu sap missionary-te kha an ni a. Chutih laiin mahni mizotawng pawh kan hmang tha duh lovin kan hmang dik duh lova, kan tawngkau chheh tinah saptawng thumal kan telh thlazen a, hnam dang zinga saptawng hman tulna hun leh hmunah lah kan dang a âwkleh hle bawk si hi thilmak tak chu a ni. Saptawng uar viau si, tawng thiam chuang si lo; Mizotawng hmang duh si, roh nachang hre chuang si lo kan ni tihna a ni. A va’n zahthlak tehlul êm!
A TLÃNGKAWMNA
Târlan tak ang khian saptawng pawh hi mawiin hausa hle mah se, grik, French, Sanskrit leh tawng dang dang atangin thumal tam tak a la la lut a. Chutiang bawkin, Mizotawngah pawh saptawng, Hindi, Sanskrit, leh Urdu etc. atangin thumal engemawzat kan la lut a ni. Hetih lai hian a bikin saptawng atangin thumal kan lalut (loan) nasa lutuk erawh hi chu Mizo tawng tiraltu (factor) tha lo tak a ni mek tih erawh kan hriat a pawimawh hle. Mizo tawng thumala kan neih ve reng pawh intihvei nan, inlaklen nan leh mi ngaihsan nih hlawh nan kan tawngkam tinah rem leh rem lovin saptawng thumal kan zeh tel zel avangin lehkha thiam lo thingtlanga cheng nu leh pa, mi mâwl zawk tam takin tun laia kan Mizo tawng hman hi an hrethiam pha tawh ruai lo a ni. Inbiak pawhna hmanrua (communication technology) changkang tak tak a lo chhuah hnu phei hi chuan Mizotawng ziak phei hi chu kan suasam danglam nasa tawh hle a, rilru a na vawng vawng thei a ni. Khawvelah hian hnam hrang 195 zet awmin tawng hrang 7,000-8,000 dawn a awm bawk a. Heng zinga tawng engemawzah hi tawng thamral mai hlauhthawnawm a awm bawk. Tawng engemawzat thamral a awm tawh bawk. Tawng ral nachhan bulpui ber chu a hmangtu mihring an riral tawh vang a ni. Kum 2021 chhiarpui atanga chhutin tun thlengin Mizo zingah mipa an thi nasa hle a, KTP/TKP chhiarpuiah pawh mipa aiin hmeichhia an tam zawk zel a, chutih laiin nula phanchang pasal neih tum lo an tam hle bawk. Heti a nih chuan inthlah pung tur kan tlem tial tial ang a, sex hman uar viau si fa nei peih lo, nau titla leh damdawia indang an tam êm ëm a, rei loteah chuan thlah nei lo hmeichhia an tam hle ang a, kan vela hmam dangte’n min chim ral (assimilate) ang a, a awm chhunte lahin mahni Mizotawng aiin saptawng kan uar zawk mah tawh si a, fa neih tam campaign lah a hlawhtlinna hmuh tur a vang si. Hetiang a nih avang hian nitin, thlatin, kumtin Mizotawng a ral tial tial a, a hmangtu Mizo hnam lah kan ral tial tial ang a, a tawpah Mizoram leilung hi awm reng siin Mizotawng leh a hmangtu Mizo hnam hi zawi zawiin a la thamral dawn niin a ngaihruat theih.