- Professor Shri Kant Tripathi,
Department of Forestry, Mizoram University
Integrated Farming System (IFS) hi lo/huan neih leh ran vulh dan hrang hrang chawhpawlh ni in,hlawkna leh tangkaina a pe ve ve a, hei hian kan environment a tih that bakah sum lak luh a ti pung bawk a ni. IFS hi kuthnathawktu te’n thlai tam zawk hmun zim te a an thar theih nan a duan ani. IFS hian kumtluanin kuthnathawkte tan inhlawhfak na leh pawisa lak luh na a siam sak thei a. Thlai leh ran hi in chawm tawn in, leitha leh nutrients kal ral tur a ti tlem a. Ram zimte, hman hnu pawh a hman nawn leh theih a, hei hian kan sum hman ti tlem in kan thar chhuah erawh a ti tam a, kuthnathawkte thawhchhuah a ti pung bawk a ni. IFS ah hian kan thlai thar, chhia leh hnunawi, tawih te pawh vermi composting (changpat hmanga leitha siam) hmangin chemical tello lei tihthatna siamnan a hman theih bawk ani. Hemi system hian kan kuthnawthawktute hlawkna mai nilovin kan chheh vel ramngaw kan ti chereu nasa lutuk pawh a ti ziaawm thei dawn a ni.
New integrated methods kan tih hian improved farming technologies kan tih, heng thlai chaw tha sawngbawla enkawl dan te, hmun bik nei leitha sawngbawl leh enkawl, leitha luangral tur ven dan te, biofertilizer hmante, thlai chin chhawk te, zero tillage (ram leh lei ngai hman) leh lo neih dan kuthnathawkte tan a tangkai thei tur te hi a tel vek ani.
IFS a awmte chu:
A: Crop (thlai) – Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fruits (thei), Vegetables (thlai hring), Spices (hmarcha), Flowers (pangpar), Fodder/Forage Crops, Sugarcane (fu), Fiber Crops leh adangte.;
B: Livestock and Poultry (ran) – Cows, Buffaloes, Pigs, Goat, Sheep, Poultry, Duck etc.;
C: Fishery (sangha) – Fingerling Production, Composite Fish Culture, Paddy cum Fish Culture, aquaponics leh adangte.;
D: Secondary Agriculture – Bee Cultivation, Mushroom Cultivation, Food Processing, Vermicomposting, green manuring, Biofertilizer, Azolla, hydroponics, aquaponics etc.
IFS hi khing a chunga mi hmangte khian a tih theih a,mahse thlai leh ran vulh leh a dangte in mil leh mil loh en phawt tur a ni.(entirnan :A leh B a awm te tih pawlh,, etc)
A + B
A + C
B + C
A + D
B + D
C + D
A + B + C
A + B + D
B + C + D
A + C + D
A + B + C + D).
IFS thil tum ber chu leilung chereu zel tur ven leh loneitute tana sum lakluhna siam belh a ni a,heng hmang hian
(i). thlai chin chhawk dan kalhmang tha ber hman leh thlai chin pawlh te, thlai chi 3,4 vel hmun khata chin, tui,leitha leh hmun thawl, an thanlenna atana pawimawh, environment tana tha thei tur kalhmang thlan te a ni.
(ii) multi storey layout hmanga kan ram/huan te hmannawn leh daihzai thei ang bera hman dan zawn te a ni.
Mizoram ah hian mipui 60% vel hi lo nei a eizawng an ni a, a tlangpuiin heng lote hi 1 hectares ai a te deuh vek a ni. IFS hi thingtlang lo neih danah hian a sengluh theih a, hmanlai lo neih dan thlak a, hlawk zawk a loneitute’n sum an lakluh theih dan tur ani a,an bultanna tur sum leh paia tanpui pawh thil tih chi tak a ni ngei ang. Sawrkar subsidy emaw bank loan, interest hniam deuh zawka puih dan te awm se,chutichuan loneitute tan IFS system hmanga lo neih bultan a awlsam dawn a ni. Loneituten an huan hmun awl ah ranchaw a hman chi thlai an ching thei anga (vaimim, millets, kawlbahra, leh adangte), loneitu leh ran tan hlawkna nasa tak a siam thei ang. Thlai chiding, in chin chhawk (crop rotation) te kalpui a nih phei chuan hlawkna tam zawk ahmuh theih a, sa leh bawnghnute te a hnianghnar zawk thei a ni. Lo nei paha ran vulh hian kumtluanin chhungkaw pawisa lakluh a tih pun theih bakah hnathawh tur a siam belh a ni. Chumi piah lamah an ek te leitha ah a hman theih bawk a, kan thlai chin hnunawi pawh ranchaw ah a hman lehzel theih a ni. Hei hian ranchaw atana sum sen tamtak a phuhruk thei a ni.
Mizoram, tlangram chhengchhia leh leilet hmun neih harsatna ah hian, sangha khawi, ranvulh leh thlai chin hi thil tihkawp chi tak a ni a; entirnan sangha chaw hi farm residue (lo a kan thlai thar leh ranvulh ek leh a dangte) atangin a siam theih a; chu mai bakah plankston kan tih (azolla) hi sangha chaw atana tha em em, dil kam leh a chhehvela to thin niin kan ranvulh ek leh zun atang a chawm theih ani. Dil leitha pawh kan thlai chawm na manure leh fertilizer atan a hman theih ani. Vawkin hi sangha dil bulah emaw, dil chunga sak tur a ni a, vawkin a tanga ek leh zun te dila a luh hian sangha dil tan fertilizer tha tak a ni a, hei hian dil chhunga hnim to, sangha tana chaw tha a nih bak ah an inthlahpun nan a pui a ni. Chu mai bakah sangha ten vawkin a tanga vawk ek leh zun luang lut kha an chaw ah an lo hmang nghal thei a, heihi 70% digestible food kan tih zinga mi a ni a, a tha em em a ni. He system hmang hian sangha chaw a hranpa a pek a ngailo a ni. Hei hian 60% in kan sum hman tur sangha chaw leh dila fertilizer hman na tur a ti tlem a ni. A chhan chu sangha ten direct a vawk ek, vawkin atanga luang lut kha chaw ah an hman theih vangin, a hranpa a chaw pek a ngai tawhlo a ni.
Agro based a khuai kan khawi hian khawizu min pek mai bakah kan huan thlaite leh buh leh bal kan thar hlawkna atan a thil tangkai an ni thei. Pollination control ah nasa takin a pui a, khuaiin a bawm thlai reng reng hi a let tam tak in a thar hlawk a, a chi chhuah atan a tha bik a, tin, a rah tla(fruit drop)a awm ve ngai lo. Pa khawi/chin pawh hi a hlawk in a tui mai bakah taksa tan chaw tha tak a ni a. Protein taksa in a hman nghal theih a pai avangin a tangkai hle a, thau chhia a pai ve lova, thisen sang leh zunthlum nei te tan chaw tha a ni. Hydroponics leh aquaponics kan ti advanced farming system, lei tello a tlai chin dan thar pawh hi a telh thei a. Hemi system hi lei thatloh na hmun ah pawh a tih theih vek a, lei hmanga thlai chin aiin kan thar chhuah a tam zawkin a chak zawk ani.
Lo neituten harsatna an tawh nasat ber chu, IFS chungchang an la hriat chian loh vang ani a, an thil mamawh ang, a hun takah an hmuh theih loh vang leh credit facilities interest hniam deuh hlek bul tan nan an hmuh theih lo vang te a ni.