- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Pathianthu, Nums. 26;51-56 thu kan chhiar chuan Israel thlah zawng zawng 601,730-te tan chhungkaw tam dan ang zela ram pek an nih thu kan hmu a. A tam deuhin ram an nei zau deuh ang a, a tlem deuhin ram an nei zim deuh mai dawn niin Pathian chuan Mosia a hrilh a. Chu ram an sem tur chu thumvawra sem tur tiin a sawi nghe nghe a ni. Hetiang Bible pawnlamah pawh ram changkang zawkahte chuan kum tam tak liam tawh atang khan an lo kalpui tawhin vawiin thlenga la kalpui an awm a. A bik takin America ramah chuan Homestead Act tiin kum 1862 atang khan an lo kalpui daih tawh a, chu chu Abraham Lincoln-a hunlaiin a ni nghe nghe. He Homestead Act, 1862 hian tupawhin ram hi an enkawl peih phawt chuan Acre 160 thleng an enkawl thei ang a, kum nga (5) an tuaihnum peih chuan chu ram chu an nei hlen thei ang tiin dan an lo siam bawk a ni.
Land Reform hi sawifiah dawn chuan ei leh bara intodelh tura ram leilung enkawlna fel tak siam a, kuthnathawktute hamthatna tur kawng dap leh ram nei ve lote tana ram an neih theih dan tur kawng dap bawk zelna tiin sawi ila a dik thei ber awm e. America rama Homestead Act, 1862-ah ngei pawh hian a tir lamah chuan Acre 160 chin chu chhungkaw malin an enkawl atana an ruahman a ni a, nimahsela kum nga (5) hnu lekah Acre 320 ah tipungin kum 1880 ah meuh chuan Acre 640 ah an pun ta hluai mai a ni. Hei hi an thlai chinna atana hmun zau an duh vang leh thlai chin an lo uar tak zel vang a ni a, chutiang chuan America ramah chuan dan leh dun mumal tak neiin kum 1862 atang khan an lo kalpui tawh a ni. America ram kan sawi cang chiah hian Vietnam ram ngei pawh chuan kum 1975 atang daih tawh khan Land Reform hi an kalpui tawh a, sorkarin chhungkaw member pakhat tan Sq. M 360 zel a pe a, chhungkaw rual deuhte chu ram a pe zau deuh tihna a nih chu. Chutianga chhungkaw tinin ram an neih chu kum 20 chhung an enkawl a remtih sakin tha taka an enkawl chhunzawm zel peih dawn chuan kum 20 dang pawh an pawhsei sak leh thin bawk a. Hetianga chhungkaw tin hnena ram enkawl tur, thlai chinna hmun tur sorkarin a pekahte hian an duh duh thlai ching mai loin chhungkaw 50 vel zelin thlai chi khat an ching a, chhungkaw 50 vel dangte chuan thlai chi dang an ching leh bawk a, chutiang zel chuan ruahmanna fel tak nen thlai an ching thin a ni. Chutianga hlawm hrang hrangte chu ‘Commune’ an ti a, sorkarin an thlai tharte phurhchhuahna turin kawngpui te pawh a ngaihtuah sak thin.
Hetianga Vietnam ramin mumal taka thlai an chin avang hian buh leh balah an intodelh mai bakah ram danga thawnchhuah tur thlengin an neih phah a, khawvela Buh thawnchhuak tam ber chu Thailand an niin Vietnam hi pahnihna an ni. An ram hi ‘S’ ang deuha kawi niin chhim leh hmar zawnga inkhawh a niin a sei lai ber hi 1650 Kms a niin a vang zau zawng hi a in ang lo thluah nain a zim lai berah 50 Kms vel a ni. A ram pum hi tehkualin 331,210 Sq. Kms a niin khawvel ram hrang hrangah hian len lamah 65-na a ni a, a ram hi a chhengchhiat ve avangin thlai chinna hmun tur lei ram pawh hi an nei zau loin thlai chin theihna hmun hi 25% chauh an nei a, tuifinriat hrula awm an nih avang hian 3,260 Kms lai chu tuifinriat kam an nei nghe nghe. Heng tuifinriat kamahte hian thlai an ching nasa a, tlang ramah ngei pawh Buh leh thlai dangte pawh chingin an buh thar zawng zawnga 20% vel hi tlangrama thlur laih (Hill tarace) atanga an thar a ni nghe nghe. Vietnam hian kum 1985 atang khan Buh chin dan thar ‘OMSC’ an tih chu kalpuiin ni 90 chhunga Buh thar thei tur chi chu an ching tan a, chutiang chuan vawiin thleng hian kum khatah Buh vawi thum (3) an la thar reng thin a ni.
Sawi tur a awm teuh thei ang a, hetianga Vietnam ramin hlawhtling taka Buh leh bal an tharchhuah theihna chhan pawimawh ber chu Land Reform vang a ni kan ti lo thei lo ang. Land Reform vang hian ram dangte pawhin hlawhtlinna an lo nei tawhin an lo intodelh theih phah tawh bawk a. Heng Mexica ramte, China ramte, Bolivia ramte, Taiwan ramte, South Korea ramte, Malaysia ramte leh Thailand ramte ngei pawh hi Land Reform hlawhtlinpui tute zinga a langsar zual an ni. Isreal ram pawh hi 60% lai chu thlaler (Desert) a niin, 20% chu semi desert a la ni bawk a, 20%, Galilee hmar lam chauh chu thlai chinna tur atana ram an neih that chu a ni a, nimahsela an thlaler hmunahte ngei chuan thlai an lo thar thei ta. India ramah ngei pawh hian kum 1961-ah tawh khan State tam takte chuan kalpui ve tanin an hlawkpui em em a, a bik takin Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh leh Kerela-te phei chuan Buh leh balah an intodelh phahin vawiin thleng hian hmun danga thawnchhuah tur an neih reng phah a ni. Mizoramin Buh kan ei 90% vel zet pawh hi State dang atanga kan chawkluh a niin a bik takin Haryana leh Punjab atang hian kan chawlut nasa lehzual.
Hetiang hian ram dang leh State danga Land Reform an kalpui dan leh an hlawkpui dante tawitein kan han sawi hmasa a, kan ram, Mizoramah ngei pawh hian he Land Reform hi kalpui theih a niin mipuite ngei pawh hian kan hmasawn phahna tur kawng pawimawh tak pawh a ni. Kum 1898-a Col. J. Shakespear, Superintendent of Lushai Hill District in ‘The Land Settlement Policy’ a lo siam tawh chu kum 1957 vela District Council hruaitute’n tlem an tidanglamin chu chu vawiin thlenga la hman a ni a, chuvangin kan ramah hian ram leilung enkawlna dan leh thlawhhma lak dan tur ruahmanna fel leh tha kan neih loh avangin kan pi leh pute atang tawha kan chaw rinpui ber Buh-ah ngei pawh kan la intodelh thei lo a ni. Sorkar lam atangin ruahmanna fel tak a awm tak tak ngai chuang lo a, mipui lam atangin ram neih kan duham em em rualin Buh leh thlai lama intodelh tura beihna tak tak a awm chuang bawk si lo. Mizoram zau zawng hi 21,080 Sq, Kms a niin Sorkar record-ah LSC hi 16, 10, 985, 660 Sq. Kms lai a awm a sawi a niin he LSC zau zawng hi Mizoram let 76 zet a zau a nih chu.
Land Reform kalpui tur hian thil pawimawh tak tak a awm a; Dan tha tak kan siam a tul a, ram enkawltu Department kan neih ngei pawh a ngai. Vietnam bawk hi sawi leh ila, anni chuan an sorkar budget atangin 30% lai hi kuthnathawktute tana an dah a ni a, sorkar hnathawk leh midangte pawhin kuthnathawktute hi an ngai pawimawh em em a ni. A dang lehah chuan Land Record pawh tha taka kan vawn a ngai bawk ang a, ram neih zat bituk (Land Ceiling) pawh siam tul tak a ni. Ka hriatsual loh chuan tunah hian Mizoramah Buh chinna turin ram zawl tha Hectare 74,644 laia zau kan neiin chung zingah chuan Hectare 12,130 chauh Buh chinna atana siam ala ni. Hei vang hian ram hruaitute ngei pawh hian kan intodelh theihna atana kan ram awlte hi hman tangkai thiam a pawimawh hle a, ruahmanna kan siam a ngai a ni. Mihausa zawkin an duh zat zat ram an nei mai a, an hman tangkai chuan silohte hi zau tak tak a awm bawkin hengte hi hman tangkai theih tura ruahmanna kan siam pawh thil tul tak a ni bawk ang. Chuti a nih loha tun anga kan kal reng chuan kan ramah hian Buh mai bakah thlai dangte ngei pawh kan intodelh tak tak ngai lo ang a, mi hausate hian kan ram hi an la inchan sem zo mai palh ang e.
Mizoram hian Land Revenue Act, 2013 chu June 1, 2013 atanga hman tan a niin he danah hian ram zau lutuk leh ram hman tangkai loh neih tihtlem dan tur te, ram pek dan leh land record fel leh langtlang zawk neih dan tur te, zofate chanvo humhalh tura ram inhlanchhawn dan khuahkhirhna fel tak te, ram chungchanga thubuai chinfel dan felfai zawk nei tura Revenue Court leh Revenue Tribunal din dan tur te a tel a. Nimahsela he Land Revenue Act, 2013 hi a taka hman a ni meuh si lo a, hmun tinah ram hman tangkai loh zau tak tak ala tamin chungte chu mi hausa tute emaw ram alo ni zel bawk si a. Hengte ti bo tur hian sorkar huaisen tak kan neih pawh a tulna tak a ni. Land Reform hi kan hman thuai a tul hle a, kan dinchhuahna tura thil pawimawh tak a niin a bik takin kuthnathawktute tan phei chuan hei lo hi dinchhuahna tur a awm kher awm lo e.