- Laiu Fachhai
Sap tawnga “endonym” leh “exonym” tihte hi Grik tawng atanga lo kal a ni a. “Endo” chu “chhunga awm” (within) tihna a ni a, “exo” chu “pawn lam” tihna a ni. “Onym/nym” chu “hming” tihna a ni. Endonym chu chi leh hnam, khua leh ram leh hmunhma hmingte chu a khua leh ram leh hmunhma neitu chi leh hnamten anmahni tawng ngeia an inkohna hming a ni a, endonym hi autonym tih pawhin sawi a ni thin. Exonym erawh chu hnam pakhatin tawng dang hmangtute hmun (place) leh hnam hmingte an vuah leh an kohna hming a ni a, hmun tam takah chuan endonym nen a danglam a ni. Endonym hman hian chi leh hnam, khua leh ram leh hmunhma hmingte phuah chhan awmze nei takin a hrilhfiah nghal a. Exonym erawh chu mi dangten an vuah hming a nih avangin chi leh hnam, khua leh ram leh hmunhma hmingte awmzia a bo thin. Chuvangin endonym hmingte ngei hman hi hnam chanchin leh identity humhalhna pawimawh tak pakhat a ni.
Chi leh hnam thenkhaten anmahni tawnga an inkoh dan hming chu an chheh vela hnam dang miten sawi harsa an tih avanga exonym hming hi lo piang chhuak ni berin a lang. Chutih laiin, hmun leh hun thenkhatah erawh chuan exonym hi colonial thuneituten ram leh hnam an awpte chu anmahni colonial sakhua (religion), hnamzia (culture), tihdanphung (tradition) leh tihthinzia (custom) te zuitir tura an kalpuina hmanrua pakhat angin an hmang a, a ram leh a tawng neitute identity tihdanglamna hmanrua atan an hmang bawk. Hei hi tunlai academic tawngkamah chuan “politics of naming” tih a ni. Babulon rama hruai chhoh Hebrai tlangval palite pawh kha, Israel ram awptu Babulon empire chuan Babulon tawngin an hming thar a vuahsak a, Babulon (Akadian) tawng, Babulon hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihthinziate pawh an zirtîr a ni (Daniela 1.7).
Hebrai tawnga Daniela hming awmzia chu “Pathian chu ro min rel saktu a ni” tihna a ni a. A Babulon (Akadian) hming Beltesazara erawh chu Babulon pathian “Bel (Marduk)-in a nun a veng” tih lam a kawk a ni. Hanania hming Hebrai tawnga a awmzia chu “Jehova chuan khawngaihna a lantir” tih a ni a; a Babulon hming Sadraka erawh chu an thla pathian (moon god) Aku thupek zawmna lam a kawk a ni. Misaela Hebrai hming chu Pathian duhzawng leh nihna lam hawia vuah a ni a; a Babulon hming Mesaka erawh chu Babulon pathian Aku nihna leh duhzawng lam hawia vuah a ni thung. Azaria Hebrai hming awmzia chu “Jehova’n a pui” tihna a ni a. A Babulon hming Abednego erawh chu Babulon pathian “Nebo (Neko) chhiahhlawh/bawih” tih lam a kawk a ni.
India leh Mizoram dinhmun hi thlir let ila. Bombay chu exonym a ni a, Mumbai erawh chu endonym a ni. Chutiang bawkin Madras chu exonym a ni a, Chennai chu endonym a ni thung. Aijal chu exonym a ni a, Aizawl chu endonym a ni. Lungleh chu exonym a ni a, Lunglei chu endonym a ni.
Entirnan, Mara ram dinhmun thlir bik ila. Mara ramah chuan ram, lui, dil, tlang, zawl, khua leh hmunhma hming tam takte chu exonym-a dah an lo ni deuh vek a: Saiha (exonym) – Siaha (endonym), Tongkalong/Tawngkawlawng (exonym) – Tôkalô (endonym), Zawngling (exonym) – Zyhno (endonym), Lawngban (exonym) – Palâ (endonym), Chakhang (exonym) – Châkhei (endonym), Rawmibawk (exonym) – Amôtlâh (endonym), Kawlchaw (exonym) – Kaochao (endonym), Tuitlawk (exonym) – Titlao (endonym), etc. Mara hnam leh tawngte pawhin exonym a nei tam hle: Shindu, Shendu, Shandu, Shendoo, Lakher, Miram.
Khatianga Mizorama Mara hnam, Mara khua leh Mara ram hmingte exonym (Mizo) hminga an lo dah kha a chhan leh vang a awm a. Khatih lai British Lushai Hills District-a official tawng chu Sap tawng ni mah sela, Mizo (Lushai) tawng kha zirna leh inbiak pawhna tawng ber atana hman a ni. Chuvangin Mizo (Lushai) tawng kal dan zuiin Mara hmingte chu exonym-in an lo dah vek niin a lang. Tunah erawh chuan Mara ram chhunga exonym hming zawng zawng chu endonym-ah official-in thlak vek tawh a ni a, a lawmawm tak zet a ni. Myanmar rama Chin State-a cheng Marate zîngah erawh chuan an ram, lui, dil, tlang, zawl, khua, hmunhma leh mihring hming tam takte exonym hming Lai tawnga an lo dahte kha tun thlengin official taka hman a la ni rih. British Chin Hills District sawrkâr khan Lai (Hakha) tawng chu Hakha Subdivision-ah zirna leh inbiak pawhna tawng atan a hmang a, chuvâng chuan Lai tawng leh Lai hnamzia influence chu Myanmar Marate zîngah a nasa hle. Myanmar-ah federal democracy kalphung hmang sawrkar a lo din hunah chuan, Mara endonym hmingte official-a hman theih tûrin, an exonym hmingte chu thlak let vek an duh ang tih a rinawm.
Mizoram lam thlir leh ila. Mara rama exonym hmingte chu endonym-a thlak vek tawh a nih laiin, Mara tawng hmangtu ber thenkhate chuan an khua leh ram leh hmunhma exonym hming hluite kha an la hmang leh thin, a bik takin Sap tawng leh Mizo tawngtea an inbiak laiin leh thu an sawi laiin. British hun lai leh India a zalên hnuah pawh Marate chuan Mara tawnga thu an sawiin Mara endonym hmingte an hmang thin a; Sap tawng leh Mizo tawnga thu an sawi hunah erawh chuan an exonym hmingte an hmang thin. Chutiang chuan kum rei tak chhung an lo hman tawh avângin, Sap tawng leh Mizo tawnga thu sawi chuan exonym hming hman tur chu an thinlungah a nghet tawh ni berin a lang. Chutih laiin Non-Marate erawh chuan fimkhur tak leh zah takin Mara endonym hming Siaha, Tôkalô, Zyhno, Châkhei, etc tiin sawi hram an tum thin, sawi a harsat deuh pawhin. Hetianga non-Maraten Mara endonym hmingte fimkhur tak leh zah taka hman an tum hi an fakawm tak zet a ni. An puitlinna nun a lang bawk.
A tawp berah chuan kan thupui lamah kir leh ila. Mara tawnga “Palâ” tih awmzia chu “lem” tihna a ni a. “Palâ” hi tonic solfa Mi Ray thluka lam tûr a ni a, ‘pa’-a ‘a’ hi short vowel a ni a, ‘lâ’-a ‘a’ erawh hi chu long vowel a ni. A thawnthu tawite han sawi ila. “Palâ Dil” hming hi, dil a insiam hmain he hmuna lo awm thin saphai rul lian tak chuan naupangte, kelte, uite leh arte a lem zel thinna atanga lo chhuak dil hming a ni. Mizoram Legislative Assembly constituency pakhat hming atana “Palak Constituency” tih hi Palâ Dil hming chawia siam a ni a. “Palâ” chu endonym a ni a, “Palak” erawh chu exonym a ni. Exonym “Palak” hman avâng hian “Palâ” hming awmzia chu a bo daih ta a ni. Mara rama ram, tlang, zawl, lui, dil, khua, bial leh hmunhma hming exonym-a koh thinte chu endonym-ah thlak vek tawh a ni a, Palak Constituency hming erawh chu exonym hminga a la awm reng hi tu mawhphurhna nge ni ang? Mizoram sawrkar nge, Election Commission of India nge, Mara Autonomous District Council zawk nge?
A mawhphurtu chu tu pawh lo ni se, Palâ Tipo (Dil) hming atanga lo chhuak constituency hming exonym-a phuah a, ‘Palak’ tiha dah hi chu a dil, a ram leh a tawng neitute tân sawi nuam a ni lo hle thin chauh ni lovin, an hnam leh tawng zah lohnaah pawh a ngaih theih a ni. Chuvâng chuan, a hming bul leh dik endonym ‘Palâ’ hmangin ‘Palâ Constituency’ tiha siamthat leh ni se, a lawmawm hle ang. Hei hi Palâ hming awmzia humhalhna chauh ni lovin, constituency neihtu Mara hnam leh an tawng zahna lantîrtu pawimawh tak a ni bawk ang.