- Dr. Laldinpuia, Centre for Disaster Management
Mizoram University – 9862399478
November ni 26 (Zirtawpni) zing dar 5:15-ah lirnghingin min tiharh a. Myanmar ram, Indo- Myanmar Range-a insiam a ni na a, a nghawr a na viau; nikum (2020) lirnghing leh kuminah pawh a nghing zeuh zeuh avangin, kan harh suau a ni ber. Biak In bang khi, ceiling chhia tihte bak chhiatna liam tham a thlenglo. Social media lama thu leng vak lar ber, ‘zing kar harhna’ tih hi thupuiah hmang chhunzawm mai ila. Lirnghing kan tawh thinte a tlangpuia sawi nawn lehin, a tehkhawng lam leh invenna lam han thlur ila.
Kum 2020 June ni 21, 22 leh July ni 17-a M5.5 (M5.3) leh M5.1 zeta na leh a tenau nena chhiar phei chuan vawi 30 chuang zet lirnghing nghawr kan hria a. Tum dang anglo takin Mizoram chhunga lirnghing insiam a ni a, kan tuar na khawp mai. Kum 2021 hian kan ram chhunga lirnghing insiam hi a tam vak lo, tum 6 chhinchhiah a ni a, heng zingah hian September ni 15 zan dar 6:59-a N. Khawbung bula lirnghing M4.3 kha a na thawkhat a, thil chhia report a awm lo thung. Kumin chhung hian India Hmarchhakah ringawt hian vawi 50 chuang lir a nghing tawh a, a tam zawk hi kan hre lo a. Myanmar ramah hian lirnghing insiam theihna lei inpelhsawlh lian a awm avangin a thleng nual bawk.
Sorkar laipui hnuaia awm, National Centre for Seismology (NCS) hian lirnghing lo chhinchhiah thei khawl hi Mizoram chhung pawh tiamin hmun tam takah a dah tawh a. Lirnghing kan hriat changa kan rilru zawhna inang awm chu, a nghinna hmun tak leh a nat zawng a ni thin. NCS data hi BhooKamp apps hmangin a hriat theih a, hei hi kan rin ber a ni. Lir a nghin hian, hmun tam taka a nghawr hriaa lo record thei khawlten an chhinchhia kha, a hmunpui lamah a thleng khawm tak tak a; minute 2/1 leka mi chu a dik tawk lo a, minute 10/15 hnuah emaw, a aia reiah emaw an han ennawn (review) hnu hi a rintlak tawh thin. Hei vang hian lirnghing inang reng pawh, a nat zawng sawi dan hi a dang zung mai a, a thlenna hmun tak hi chu a danglam lutuk lo. November ni 26 lirnghing pawh kha a nat zawng sawi dan a inanglo hle a, a hnua NCS-in an rawn review kha M6.1 a ni a, tunah chuan M6.2 anga dah a ni. A awmzia chu, lirnghing tehna khawl hrang hrang record kha a lut tam tawh a, mithiamten chik taka an han zir leh hnuah a chiang tawh tihna a ni ber.
November ni 12, 2021 khan Chief Minister-in Broadband Seismic Station chu Pachhunga University College campus-ah a hawng a. Hei hi CSIR- NEIST Jorhat leh PUC thawhhona a ni a, DM&R-in a hmunhma cheibawlna leh mithiamte chetvelna a tumsak a. Hetianga lirnghing nghawr lo hre thei khawl hi Lunglei leh Khawbung-ah dah a ni dawn bawk. PUC Station-ah hian lirnghing kha a lo record tha hle mai a. Hmundanga lirnghing tehna khawlte nena internet hmanga thlun zawm anih ve loh avangin, a nat zawng leh a thlenna hmun erawh a hriat zung zung theih ve lo. Lirnghing nghawr dan kha a lo chhinchhiah avangin, a nghing rei zawngte bakah, lirnghing siamtu lei inpelhsawlh dinhmun kha thuk lehzualin a zir theih dawn thung. A lemah hian, PUC station-a lirnghing nghawr (seismogram) kha dah a ni. Khawlin lirnghing nghawr a chhinchhiah rei zawng hi minute 2 zet a ni a, kan lo hriat ve theih kha chu second 3/4 vel chauh a ni thung. Lirnghing thlen hma tlai leh zan lamah te hian lir hmahruai (foreshock) leh a hnu lamah a hnukhawi (aftershock) kha vawi engemaw zat a lo chhinchhiah bawk. Heng ringawt pawh hi, station awm hmaa kan la hriat theih ve ngai lohte kha a ni.
Lirnghing a lo thlen chang hian, kan awmna insak dan dinhmunte, kan leilung dinhmunte leh a insiamna hmun atang kan awmna hlat zawng atangte hian kan tuar nat dan hi a inanglo zung a. A chunga lirnghing nat zawng kan sawi tehkhawng- magnitude kan tih ang hi chu, a insiamna hmuna thahrui pek nat zawng sawina a nih avangin a danglam ve theilo a, a zat chiah erawh a tehna khawl hrang hrang inthlunzawm hnuah a hriat theih thung. Lir a lo nghing leh a nih pawha, a nat zawng kan lo sawi ve theih nan heng a hnuaia tehkhawngte nen hian lo en mil thin ila, hetiang tehkhawng hi intensity scale an ti a, Roman number I atanga XII a ni. Zirmite tan chuan a pawimawh hle a, kan awmna hmun theuha a dik awm ber te hi kan inhrilh hriat zel theih chuan a lawmawm hle ang.
I. Not perceptible (A nghawng hmuh leh hriat theih loh): Lirnghing tehna khawlah a hriat theih chauh a, thil tihchhiat a nei lo.
II. Hardly perceptible (A nghawng hmuh leh hriat harsa): Lung muanga awm, mi thenkhat ten a nghing tih an hriat theih. Thil tihchhiat a nei lo.
III. Weak (Hriat theih chang chang): Mi thenkhatin lir a nghing tih an hre thei a, thil khai eng ilo chu a sawi then a, in chhia erawh a awm lo.
IV. Largely observed (Mi tam berte hriat tham): Inchhunga awmten an hre deuh vek a, pawnah chuan mi tlem zawkte chauhin lirnghing an hre thung. Nghing nasa lutuk lo, zawi lutuk lo anih tawh avangin mi thenkhat chu an chiai a. In leh inchhung bungruate hmuh theihin a nghawr che ve hret a, hluma siam bel te, darthlalang te, tukverh leh kawngkhar a nghawr ri a. In chhia erawh a awm lem lo.
V. Fairly Strong (Na thawkhat): Inchhunga awm tam zawkten an hre thei a, pawn lamah erawh hriat a harsa. Mi thenkhat chu an chiai avangin hmun him awm ngaihtuahin an tlan vel ruai tawh a. In leh inchhung bungrua a nghawr nghing lawih lawih tih a hmuh theih a, thil khai phei chu a then nasa hle. Hlum leh darthlalangte a inkhak ri ruk ruk a. Kawngka leh tukverhte a invaw bawk. Tuizem khat deuha tui dah phei chu a fawk liam hial a. Inchhunga ranvulhte thunun an har a. In sak thalo leh himlo chu a chhe nual bawk.
VI. Strong (Na viau): Inchhung leh pawna awm tam zawkten an hre thei a. Mi thenkhatte chu ding nghet thei lovin an tlu bawk. Mi tam berte an mangan avangin an chiai a, inchhunga awmte an tlan chhuak a. Inchhung bungraw thenkhatte a awm sawn a, thil te tham phei chu a tla a. Hlum leh darthlang lam atanga thilsiamte a keh a. In thenkhat a chhia a, cement in-plaster a khi a. Leiah khi tam tak a siam bawk.
VII. Very strong (Na tak): Mi tam berte chu an chiai a, pawna tlan chhuah an tum a. Inchhung bungrua leh bungraw dang, almirah, etc. te a then sawn bakah a tlu a. Chhuara thil dah ngheh lo a tla vek a. Tuizema tui dahte a per sung sung a. In sakna rei tawh- upa deuhte, in sak thalo leh himlo thenkhat a tluk sawp bakah a chhe nasa hle a, leimin a siam nual bawk.
VIII. Damaging: Inchhung leh pawna awm tan din hleih theih a ni lo. Bungrua a tlu a. Lei pan deuhna laiah a nghing a hmuh theih a. In sakna rei tawh a tlu sawp deuh vek a. Lei khi kak nasa tak a siam a, lung tla leh leimin a tam hle.
IX. Destructive: Mi zawng zawng an chiai a. Lei nghawrin mi a paih dawrh dawrh a. Lei nghawr a hmuh theih a. Mumal taka duan insak pawh a nghawr nat avangin a chhe nual a, a dang phei chu a tlu sawp deuh vek tawh. Lei hnuaia pipe phum a chhe vek a, lei a khi nasa a, leimin nasa leh lian tak a siam bawk.
X. Devastating: In pangngai him a awm tawh lo va, insak tha leh lian pawh a chhe nasa. Dil leh lui te a kuang a fawn liam a, tui a lian a. Leimin rapthlak tak tak a thleng bawk.
XI. Catastrophic: In leh mihring siam thil chhe lo a awm mang lo. Lir nghing a nasat em avangin dam khawchhuah ngaihna a awm mang tawh lo va, tsunami a thleng bawk.
XII. Very catastrophic: Lei leh lei chhunga mihring siam thil a chhe vek a. Leilung pianhmang a danglam dawrh a, lui kuang a sawn bawk. Tsunami a thleng.
Tun hnaiah lirnghing hi kan tuar zing ta viau mai a. Mithiamte ngaihdan inanglo a awm: a nghing sek hian, lirpui thleng mai thei tur thahrui kha a inpaihthawl a ni, tih leh a hma zawng pawha thleng nawn sek lo va, tunhnaiah km 100 bawr vel bial leka a thlen fo avang hian lirpui hmahruai a ni thei, tih hi. Heng mithiamte thusawi hian tan chhan a nei ve ve a, hmun hrang hrang lir lo nghin tawh dante zirchianin awihawm tak ve ve a ni. Lirnghing hun tur tak kan hre theilo hi a thatna lai a awm a, a that lohna lai pawh a awm thei ang. Lirnghing a thlen hian a hnukhawi hi a awm leh ziah ang a ni a, hei hi a na tawh ngailo a. A nghawr avang hian in leh lei khi, leh chhiatna dang thleng kherlo mah se, rilru lam a nghawng thei viau. Indem ngawt chi a ni lo va, inhrilhfiah a, a invenna lama hmalak a fuh zawk.
Kan chenna in sak danah kan fimkhur hle a ngai. AMC huamchhunga awmte chuan, kan Building Regulations te hi mithiamten lirnghing natna hmuna him tura an duan anih avangin, Architect leh Engineer te thurawn hi zawm thei ila. Hmundanga mite pawhin, a bikin concrete in kan sa dawn anih chuan, Engineer te rawn ila, an thurawn angin sak i tum hram ang u. An thurawn anga kan la tlin lo anih chuan inkhawl leh mai ila. Kawngkapui pakhat chauh nei kan la awm, lei hnuaia kaw nei nungcha pawhin hlet siamna chang an hria! Hmun awih lutuka insak te, lei chetna hmun- tlahniam leh leimin tawhna te, leivung paihna hmun hlui angahte hian in sa tawh lo hram ila. Neih zawng zawng bakah puk chawpin in leh lo kan din a, a hmunhma te hi duhtui ila, kan inringtawk lo anih chuan, a hre tur rawihte leh zawh pawh inthlahrunglo ila. Rikrum thila mamawh- hamrik (whistle) te, tui inchhawp te, first aid te, biscuit angte pawh inrin reng hi a sual lo. Insakna tur hmun hma tha, a sak dan fimkhur leh a lo nghing pawha chiai lova awm theihte hi a ni deuh ber mai e.