- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
America President 32-na Franklin Delano Roosevelt chuan March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945 chhung mawhphurhna sang tak mai a chelhin dinhmun pawimawh tak mai a luah a. Amah hi mitmeng fiah tha tak leh meng fim kak mai niin pa hmeltha tak a ni bawkin a huaisen avang leh a hunlaia Indopui pahnihna alo chhuah avang bawk chuan a hmingthang hle a ni. Amah thlahtu chhawng ngana Theodore Roosevelt pawh US President 26-na alo ni tawh bawkin mi hausa chhungkua an ni a, FD. Roosevelt chu US President a han nih ve hian ‘Happy days are here again’ tih programme hmangin America sorkar chu nasa takin a siam tha nghe nghe a ni.
Kum 1929 – 1930 ah chuan German ram sum leh pai dinhmun chu nasa taka a tlakhniam avangin Hitler-a pawl Nazi chu nasa takin a tipung a. Adolf Hitler chu kum 1933-ah German Chancellor atan thlan alo ni ta hial mai a, kum 1945 thleng he chanvo hi a chelh nghe nghe a ni. Tichuan Nazi chu inkulh nghet zelin Treaty of Versollini palzutin a thenawm ramte chu a vau tan a, kum 1936 ah phei chuan Rhineland-ah a sipaite a thawn lutin Mussollini nen tangrualin Austria chu kum 1938 ah an run a, 1938-39 ah Czechoslovakia run leh bawkin 1939 ah pawh chuan Poland chu a run ta zel a. Hetih lai vel hian German hian a tanrualpuite, Axis powers an tih maite chu – Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania leh Bulgaria te an niin lehlamah US, Britain, French, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherland, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa leh Yugoslavia te an ni thung.
Indopui pahnihna lo chhuah tan dawnah hian US thinrimna em em chu Dec. 7, 1941 zinglam dar 8;00 vela Japan sipaiten thlawhna hmanga Pearl Harbour an rawn bei ngawt mai kha a ni a. Pearl Harbour hi US sipai hmunpui niin ralthuam engkim dahkhawmna hmun a nih avang hian Japan hian thlawhna hmanga awlsam taka bomb chhiat vek theih mai a inringin a han bei ta thut kha a ni a. Nimahsela a rin angin US chu a lo tlawm lo nasa maiin kutthlawn tawrh ngawt chu tum bik hauh loin Indona hmuna tel tur chuan a inbuatsaih phah ta zawkin Japan chuan ngawi renga an awm hle hle lai chu a rawn chawk thawh tak zawk avang chuan US President Roosevelt chuan Jan. 6, 1942 ah US Congress hmaa Indonaa tel turin thuchah a sawi ta hial a ni. He a thuchah sawinaah hian Japan ho leh Hitler leh Italy sorkar tangrual chuan a chhe thei ang bera khawvel hi tihchhiat an tum a, British sorkar chaknate, Russia leh China te mai bakah Netherland leh America te meuh pawh tihchhiat theih an inbeisei a ni. Nimahsela mualpho taka sawpin an awm zawk dawn a, kan hnehna chu zalenna hnar a ni tih an hria ang a, kan hnehna chu democracy intanna bul a ni nghal zel ang tiin thu a han sawi a.
A sawi zelnaah chuan ‘Kan hnehna chu sakhaw hnehna a ni tel tih pawh an hria ang. Chu chu an tuar zo ngut ang emaw chu. He khawvel hi kan Pathian leh Hitlera chendun nan a zim lutuk a, chumi tarlannaah chuan Nazis-ho chuan khawvel pumah German sakhua Pagan chu hmantir an lo tum ve a. Kan Bible thianghlim leh Cross thiltihtheihna chu an sakhaw chhinchhiahna Mein Kampf leh Swastika ngunhnam; hmel ruh teltawl chuan thlak fai vek an tum a ni. Keini thiltum hi chu a chiang kek kawk khawp mai; Sipai chakna hmanga mipuite an sal leh chhiahhlawh ang maia an hrenbehte chhuah zalen te, hnam tinte an nihna ang theuha zalenna pekte leh mahni tawng hmang theuha duh ang anga thusawi theihna zalenna pekte, sakhaw zalenna pekte, mite’n an mamawh ang zawng an neih theihna tura thawh theihnate leh an duh ang zawng zawng hlawhchhuak thei tura zalenna nen lama pek hi kan thupui chu a ni tiin a han sawi chhunzawm leh bawk a. Tichuan Indonaah chuan US chu a inbarhlut ve tain Hitler-a pawlte chu bei letin ralthuam nen a thawkchhuak ve ta a.
Hetih lai hian khawvelin a theihnghilh theih tawh ngai tawh loh tur thil pakhat chu German rama Ulm khuaa piang mah nisela Albert Einstein chuan Hitler-a thiltih dan chu alo duh lo em emin a theih ang tawkin alo do ve mek bawk a. Kum 1933 velah chuan Einstein chu a thil hmuhchhuah chanchin sawi turin America-ah an sawm hlauh a, America rama a awmlai chuan a thiante chuan lehkha thawnin atan German chu haw ngamna chi a ni tawh lo tiin thu an rawn thawn avang chuan a ni pawh chuan America lama inbenbel chu a tum phah ta a. Kum 1942 ah chuan Scientist pahnih Otto Hahm leh Fritz Strassmann te chuan uranium laimu then hran chungchang chu buaipuiin enchhinna an lo nei mek bawk a. Tute emaw chuan Einstein hnenah chuan neuclear chakna hmanga bomb hlauhawm tak siam theih a nih dan leh German ho phei chuan siam turin hma an la tan tawh nia an hriat thu chu President Roosevelt hnenah lehkha thehlut turin an ngen a, an ngenna chu pawmin Einstein chuan President hnenah lehkha a thawn nghal a, President pawh chuan chu lehkha chu pawmin bomb siamna turin pawisa tam tawk tak hman alo phalsak nghal bawk a.
Chumi atang chuan Nuclear physics pa tih hiala koh Enrico Fermi ho chuan Otto Hana te, Compton te, Szilarf te leh Albert Einstein te chuan Atom bomb chu awlsam takin an siam thei ta mai a, enchhinna hmasa ber pawh kum 1945 July 16 zinglam dar 5;30-ah chuan kum 1943 atanga Atom bomb siam tuma an buaipuina hmun Los Alamos khua atanga mel 200 laia hla, hmar lam thlalerah hlawhtling taka neih a lo ni ta a. He Atom bomb enchhinna hi a puak ring em em mai a, a eng em em bawk a, van sang 40,000fts laia sangah par a chhuang hluah mai bawkin a puahna hmun atanga mel khat bial vela ramsa awm zawng zawng chu an thi mang vek a, mel sawm thum huam chhunga ramsa thi bangte pawh an hmul a kang kawlh vek bawk nghe nghe a ni. He Atom bomb enchhinnaa an hotupa chu J. Robert Oppenheimer a niin Manhattan Project-ah Chief Science Director a ni.
Japan sorkar chuan tlawm ala tum mai loh avang chuan kum 1945 Aug. 6 ah Japan khawpui Hirosimaah chuan Atom bomb, a hming lema ‘Little Boy’ an tih 10fts a sei leh a lai hawlhtlang (diameter) 28 Inches leh 4,400 Kgs laia rit bawk chu thlak a ni ta a, a puak ring hle mai a, mel 250 laia hla atang pawhin a hriat theih an ti hial a ni. Bomb puak avang hian mi 80,000 an thi nghal a, mi 70,000 laiin hliam an tuar bawk. A hnu lawk nithum mai, Aug 9 ah chuan Nagasaki khawpuiah plutonium Atom bomb chu an thlak leh ta a, mihring 40,000 an tih bakah mi 25,000 an hliam a, chung thil rapthlak tak avang chuan Japan sorkar ngei pawh chu a lo tlawm phah ta a ni. Hei hi phuba lakna tia a sawi theih rualin America mipui leh sorkar tan chuan President Roosevelt-a tawngkam angin Sakhaw hnehna tiin a sawi theih bawk ang.