- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Mizoram Sorkarin Mizo tawng hmansawnna leh humhalhna lama hma la tura Sept. 29, 2023-nia a din Mizo Language Development Board (MLDB) chuan a hmasa ber atan Nov. 17, 2023 (Zirtawp ni) ah khan thutkhawm neiin hmalak dan tur an sawi ho.
He thutkhawm pawimawh takah hian Mizo tawngin hma a sawn zel theihna tur atan tinzawn bik neia hma latu tur sub-committee hrang hrang siam bakah A AW B (Orthography) siam rem chungchangte pawh an sawi ho bawk a. A AW B siam rem tih hian hawrawp pakhat ‘NG’ awmna hmun chu tihdanglam nisela ‘N’ leh ‘O’ inkarah dah nise a tha ang ngem an ti a, tunah chuan thuthlukna la siam mai loin mipuiah sawizauna neih hmasak ni phawt sela an ti a ni. Hetianga hawrawp pakhat awmna hmun sawn chungchanga rawtna a rawn chhuah chhan nia lang chu tunlai huna thuziahna atana kan hmanrua ber Computer (a bik takin hnathawhna atana kan hman tam ber Excel-ahte) hian Alphabetical order anga han dah (Alphabeticalise) hian ‘N’ hnungah zel ‘NG’ hi a dah zel vang a ni a, kum sawm hmalamah khan MBSE lam pawhin hetianga tihdanglam hi tha zawkin an lo hriain tulin an lo hre tawh naa anlo titlang ngam chiah lo tawh thin a, tunah MLDB chuan tihdanglam a tha ang ngem tiin hma an han la ta a ni.
Chutianga hawrawp pakhat kan tidanglam a nih chuan hetiang hian a lo ni tawh dawn a:
A AW B CH D E F G H I J K L M N NG O P R S T T U V Z
Hnam tin hian tawng kan nei vek a, ziak hmanga inbiakna tawngkam kan tih hawrawp (alphabet) hi 1750 BCE atang khan alo awm tawhin Proto-Sinaitic kha Alphabet kan neih hmasak ber nia hriat a ni. Chu Proto-Sinaitic chu belh a, siamtha chho zelin chuta tang chuan hnam hrang hrangte pawhin alphabet nei chho zelin English alphabet pawh hi rawn chhuak nia ngaih a ni. English alphabet hi engtik atang chiaha neih nge tih erawh hriat a har tawh hle mai a, Kum zabi 7-na hmalam khan Latin script atanga lak nia sawi a ni. English alphabet-ah chuan hawrawp 26 awmin vawiin thleng hian hetianga hman a ni a. BC. 3000 velah daih tawh pawh khan Lal hnuaia Arsi chanchin zir mite chuan symbol mawl te te hmangin tahrikni leh inawpna – chhiarpui chhinchhiah nante, piancham leh thildang chhinchhiahna tana an lo hman thin chu alphabet tobul nia sawi a ni bawk.
Greek ho pawhin BC. 800 velah alphabet: Alpha, Betta, Gamma tih hi an lo nei tawhin vawiin thlenga hman ala ni a, a zavaiin hawrawp 24 a ni. Hindi alphabet pawh hi hawrawp 46 a ni a, vowel 13 leh consonants 33 an ni. Chutiang zelin Spanish chuan Alphabet 27 an nei a, German chuan 26, Russian-in 33, French-in 26, Italian-in 21, Arabic-in 28, heng bakah hian Chinese hnam hi chuan alphabet an neih zat hi sawi theih chiah a ni lo thung. Hetiang hian hnam hrang hrang hian alphabet hi kan nei hlawm a, keini Mizo pawh chuan alphabet 25 neiin English te’n alphabet an neih zat hi keini aiin pakhatin a tam zawk a ni.
Mizoin alphabet kan hman mek hi kan hriat chian lehzualna atan a bulthut atangin han sawi ila; Mizo tawng bul min tan saktu hi Pu Buanga leh Sap Upate tia hriat a ni a, chik taka ngaihtuah chuan Thomas Herbert Lewin (Thangliana) kha a nih zawk theihna lai a awm. Pu Buanga te chuan Mizo tawng hi kum 1897-a an siam niin kan pawm a, Pu Thangliana chuan kum 1874-ah khan Mizo tawngin thu leh hla alo nei tawhin lehkhabu hian alo siam tawh thung. Thangliana chu kum 1857 September 9-ah Sepoy Mutiny avangin India ramah alo chhuak a, England atangin Spain vaukam hrutin Mediterranean tuipuiah rawn kalin Red Sea-ah kalin Suiz Canal a rawn kal zel a, Indian Ocean ah kalin Bombay a rawn thleng ta a ni. Oct. 15, 1864-ah Satikang (Chittagong) a rawn thleng chho a, Sepoy Mutiny rilru leh Bengali nungchang a mil loh em em laiin Mizo leh tlangmi, nungchang danglam tak a rawn hmuh khan tlawh chhuah a chak nghal em em mai a. A hmasa ber atan Thangluah Lal Rothangpuia chu thianah a siam thuai a, kum 1872-a Mary Winchester lak let lai khan Mizo tawng hi a thiam tawh viau bawk a ni. Heng atang hian Mizo tawng pawh English alphabet hmangin, Roman script, Sir S.W. Jones method-in Mizo tawng alo ziak a. A lehkhabu hmasa ber “Hills Tract of Chittagong and the Dweller Therein”-ah pawh chuan mizo tawng thumal tam taka lo ziak lang tawh a ni.
Kum 1870-a a buatsaih “Progressive Colloquial Exercise of the Lushai Dialect” tihah pawh chuan mizo tawng leh sap tawng thumal dahkawp zelin thumal 1105 lai a dah a, he lehkhabu hi hlawm thuma then niin hlawm khatna chuan phek 1 -70 thleng awhin Lushai Dialect of the Kuki or Dzo language tiin inbiakna tawngkam sentence hrang hrangte chu mizo tawng leh sap tawngin a dah kawp zel a. Hlawm hnihna pawh chuan phek 71-90 thleng awhin Mizo thawnthu pathum Chemtatrawta, Lalruanga leh Kungawrhi te thawnthu chu mizo tawng leh sap tawngin a dah bawk a, hlawm thumna pawh chuan phek 91 – 120 thleng awhin vocabulary lam niin mizo tawng leh sap tawngin a dahkawp nghal zel bawk a ni. Amaherawhchu he lehkhabua mizo tawngte hi mi tam tak tan chuan chhiar har tak tur a ni thung a, hawrawp mal te tea ziak erawh min hnutchhiah lo a, thumal (word) hlira ziak hi kan hmuh theih chu a ni a, a thawnthu ziak atanga uluk tak chhiar erawh chuan alphabet hi 25 a hmang nia hriat a ni.
Hetiang hian a sentence siamte chu thenkhatte chu han thlir chhin ila:
Nungma i-in-tshiem-taw-em = Are you nearly ready,
In-om-lem-ang = I will play,
Tu vaibel ngey a-dzu? = Whose pipe was he smoking?
Koyangey kul-don? = Where are you about to go?
Nungma pu-un i-ta emni? = Are you weaving cloth?
Koyma tum-tuk ka-ril atam-ey = I am very hungry,
He hmaitscia nula pa-hnit, ni-dzana alam-don-taw-a, alam-ta-loh = These two girls were to have danced last night but they did not,
Hetiang rei-tuk mut dzong adzak-tlagh-em-ey = I am ashamed much of sleeping so late, adt.
Heng bakah hian thumal pawh hetiang hian thahnemtham tak a dah bawk a;
Pakat – One,
Pahnit – Two,
Patum – Three,
Pali – Four,
Pa-nga – Five,
Paruk – Six,
Pasari – Seven,
pariek – Eight,
Pakoa – Nine,
Prophet – Kuavang-dzawl,
Dzai-tchum – Cut with scissors,
Ashang – tall/ high,
Matei-lovin – surely/certainly,
Ngah-sha – fish,
Nimin-dzan – yesterday night,
Tchum-dzing – Morning mist,
Mu-ul-pui – A mountain,
Pa-tchia – Poor,
Lukha – Platform,
Mei-koh – Smoke,
Vai-hto-len – A mosquito curtain,
Vana-nghur – Thunder,
Mu-tscuak – Sleepy,
Hmei-htai – Widow,
Dzong – A monkey, adt.
Thangliana hnuah hian Pu Buanga leh Sap Upate chu Mizoram rawn luh an tum a, an rawn luh mai theih loh avangin Mizoram pawnah kum thum vel an awm a. Pu Buanga hi Jan. 21, 1891-ah Calcutta a rawn thleng a, Sap Upa hi chuan kum tawp lamah a rawn fin ve chauh a, an pahnih chuan Tripura rama Mizo hnahthlakte zingah rawngbawlna neih an tum a, nimahsela Tripura Raja chuan alo remtih mai loh avangin kum 1892 January thlaah chuan Chittagong Hills Tracts lamah an kal leh ta a. Heta an awm lai hian Thangliana lehkhabu ziak The Hill Tracks of Chittagong and The Dweller Therein tih lehkhabu hmang chuan mizo tawng pawh an zir ngun thin hle. Hei hi mizo tawng lehkhabu an hmuh hmasak ber a ni a, chumi hnuah Brojo Nath Shaha siam Grammer of Lushai Language tih lehkhabu chu an hmu leh a, nitina an zir thin mai bakah Mizo pa pakhat kawm tur hi an hmu fuh hlauh bawk a, a ni hnen atang chuan tawng an zir bawk a ni. Tichuan mizo tawng thiam sain kum 1894-ah Mizoram an rawn lut a, Aizawl an rawn thlen zan pawhin Puan In kaiha an mut laiin sakhi kah nan silai an neih leh neih loh pawn lam atanga an rawn zawh pawhin ‘Nei lo’ tiin an lo chhang a nih kha.
Pu Buanga leh Sap Upate chuan Mizoram an rawn luh tirh atang chuan rawngbawlna nei char charin an tul hle a. Chutianga an buai hle karah chuan Mizoram an rawn luh hmaa an thiam sa leh an rawn luh hnua an thiam tharte atang chuan ziak ngeiin A AW B min lo siam sak a. hemi hma hian Silchara an awm lai hian alphabet an lo duang tawh a, chu an duan chu hetiang hi a ni;
AW A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Z CH
Nimahsela Mizoram an rawn luh hnu kum 1897-a an siam chu hetiang hi a ni a;
A AW B CH D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T T U V Z.
Hetiang hi a nih laiin J hi Pu Buanga hian mizo tawng ri-ah hian a tel loh avangin kum 1940-a chhuak Pu Buanga Dictionary-ah kha chuan a paih leh daih tawh a ni.
Hemi an siam hnuah hian Zosapthara chuan J leh NG te chu rawn belh ve lehin tuna hman ang hian tihdanglam awm leh tawh loin la hman chhunzawm reng a ni. Chutiang chu hei hi a ni a;
A AW B CH D E F G NG H I J K L M N O P R S T T U V Z
Hetiang a nih takah chuan Mizo tawnga A AW B min siamsaktute hi Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa te pahnih chauh an ni lo tih chu kan hrethiam thei maiin a rinawm. Pu Buanga te’n Mizoram an rawn luh hma khan Thangliana lehkhabu ziakte kha chhiar hmasa lo ni sela hetiang hian ngaihtuah nachang an hria ang ngem? Thangliana (T.H. Lewin) kha kawng sial saktu atan an pawm em tihte hi ngaihtuahnaah alo awm nghal bawk. Chutiang zelin Zosapthara ngei pawh credit pek ngei a ngai bawk ang.
Tunah Mizoram Language Development Board-te chuan uluk taka an ngaihtuahin A AW B CH D E F G H I J K L M N NG O P R S T T U V Z tih chu tha zawka hriatna an nei a. A tir lama kan sawi tawh angin tihdanglam tula an hriat chhan pawh tun huna ziakna hmanrua bera kan neih leh hman Computer-in Alphabetical order anga dahin NG hi N hnunga a dah tlat vang hian tihdanglam nawn lehzel a ngaih thin avangin a buaithlak a, Computer-in alphabetical order anga a dah dan ang hian dah mai chu a tha lawm mi tih ngaihdan a rawn pian vang a ni. Tawng chu thilnung ang deuh a nihna lai a awmin a che ve reng a, tihdanglam a ngaih hun pawh a awm bawk thinin tawng bungraw thenkhatte phei chu paih a, a thar sengluh hun pawh hnam dangte pawhin an nei thin. Tuna kan sawi lai erawh thumal a ni lo a, hawrawp mal chungchang niin a awmhmun sawn mai chauh a ni. A tha zawng leh a tha lo zawng pawhin nghawng lian lutuk chu a neih kher a rinawm chuang loh nain a tir atanga A AW B kan lo neih tawh a, kan lo thiam tawh sa chu hawrawp paih leh belh pawh awm chuang loin hawrawp pakhat chu a awmna hmun a danglam dawn ta tihna a ni mai.
Chutianga hawrawp pakhat lo danglam tak avang chuan a zir tir atanga thiam tawhsa puitling thlengin kan zir thar leh erawh a ngai dawn tihna a ni ang a, thil zir har tak pawh a ni kher chuang awm lo e. Ngaihtuahna han hmang zau hlawm teh ang u.
LEHKHABU RAWNTE:
1)Progressive Colloquial Exercise of the Lushai Dialect. T.H. Lewin Calcutta 1874.
2)Zofate Chanchin Tha rawn hlantute P.L. Lianzuala, First Edition 2012.
3)Report of the Seminar of Lecturers in Mizo Language held from 12 -14 Feb. 1975 at Aizawl Club, Aizawl
Articles:
(1)MIZO A AW B TOBUL PU BUANGA TE SIAM A NI LO. C. Vanlal Ruaia, Librarian, Govt. Aizawl College
MIZORAM INTACH HMALAKNA – II. Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak