- Davis Hriatpuia
Democracy ram lian berah vote ber a khaw lo a nih chuan democracy nih man a awm vak dawn lo tihna a ni mai ang em? Chung boruak chuan Delhi khawpui chu a luah mek a, hmanni lawk a, “Dharmendra Pradhan bang rawh se,” tia autu leh an auna hmunah bawk khan, “Gyanesh Kumar bang rawh se,” tiin mi sang tel an phung khawm leh ta e. He thil thleng hi dan, thuneihna hmanrua, leh state kalphung chhungah ruahman sa râna inphum ru politika inthununna (political manipulation structured) tih loh rual a ni lo. He inthlanpui kalpui dan hnuaia khawtlang leh sawrkara thuneihna fawng vuantu leh a sangawizawnpuiten mipuite an thuhnuaia an kunna (political hegemon) tura an siam a nih dan pawh a lang ta ruakin a hriat ta bawk.
- Election Commission leh Danpui: Chhe-Chhawnga te Vai dawr
Indian Constitution-a Article 324(2) kan thlir a nih chuan, India ram danpui duangtute khan inthlan felfai taka kalpui a nih theih nan Election Commission kha tuma chiah piah loin siam tum mah se, kaw hreuh theihna (structural loophole) lian tak an hnutchhiah a ni. Constitution chuan Commission ruat dan hi Parliament-in dan a siam angin a thleng ang a ti a, mahse kum 70 chuang zet kha Parliament-in a bikin dan pakhat mah siam a nei ta lo. Kum 1950 atanga 2023 March thla thleng khan Prime Minister leh Union Cabinet te khan an ruat tlangpui a, zep nak emaw a chawhmeh thing rin rei thlak deuh chu a ni. Congress sawrkar pawh kha han thlir kir ila, Election Commissioner huhang ngah T.N. Seshan-a’n CEC a chelh lai (1990–1996) khan inthlana corruption leh booth capturing dona lian tak a kalpui avangin kum 1993 khan Congress kaihhruai sawrkar chuan a thuneihna vuak dup deuh nan an tih vang ni maw, Election Commissioner pahnih ruat belhin Multi-Member Commission-ah a thlak thut a nih kha. Election Commissioner pakhat zawk M.S. Gill phei chu CEC hna a zawh hma ngeiin Congress party zawmin Central Minister hmun hial pekin a awm. Navin Chawla-a Election Commissioner ruatna pawh 2009 khan Opposition MP 200 chuangte’n ruling party a duhsak nia ngaiin ban phutna thu a lut hial tawh. Chuti ang teh nuaih chu Congress sawrkarah pawh khan kan hmu ve tho a, sual kai lo bik an ni hauh lo.
- Supreme Court Thu leh Hla
Kha kalphung dik lo khan Supreme Court hnar a ti za ta a, kum 2015 khan PIL file-in Supreme Court Consitution Bench chuan kum 2023 Vau thlaa (Anoop Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India) judgment-ah inthlan felfai leh dik hi danpui lungphum pawimawh a ni a, chutia rulling lai PM leh Minister (executive) ten CEC an ruat chu hleih neih bikna a awm thei a ni, tiin thu a sir tlukpui. SC chuan hun eng emaw ti chhun atana hman turin CEC tur ruattu atan Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition leh Chief Justice of India te chu a ruat. Anni hian thu lai la taka CEC tur an ruat theihna tura ruahman a ni.
- “Kan duh danin ro kan rel ve bawk ang chu maw le”—BJP
Amaherawhchu, hun a vei a, sawrkar lai BJP leh a sangawizawnpuiten he Supreme Court ruahman dan hi an rawn thiat. Kum 2023 Pawlkût thla khan Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023 an pass a. He dan hnuaiah hian CEC ruattu tur zingah Chief Justice of India chu telh ta loin, a aiah PM-in Union Cabinet Minister atangin pakhat a dah ang, a ti ta daih thung. Hei hian sawrkar thuneitute chu vote hnih neihtirin, leader of opposition erawh vote khat chauh neiin a siam a, han ngaihtuah reng reng pawhin thu a lai mawh viau dawn a ni tih chu a chiang mai. Tawngkam danga sawi dawn chuan that lam pan aiin ‘structural veto’ siamna a tih theih hial awm asin!
Supreme Court judge (CJI) hetiang executive selection panel-a a tel hi thuneihna insem darhna dan nen a inkalh a, executive hna chu executive-in a thawk tur a ni tiin sawrkar lam chuan an sawi. Mahse, thuneihna insem darhna chuan inhne tawn leh inven tawnna a ken tel loh chuan sawrkar hotute lal hrawtnaah a inthlak theihna a awm. Election Commission hi executive hnuaia department mai a ni lo a, puan in hrang kaih a ni daih bawk. Tin, Parliamentary thuneihna hi constitutional supremacy hnuaia awm a ni a, a tam zawkte thununna hmanga inthlana hlemhletna awm theihna dan siam hi democracy ni loin, mi tam zawk thuhnuaia awmna (tyranny of majority) a ni thei zawk.
- SIR leh a nghawng
Election Commission-in sawrkar hotute thunun a tawh zui takah chuan, 2025-2026 chhunga ECI kalpui Special Intensive Revision (SIR) pawh tlangrel leh sawi tam a kai hle. Tunah pawh Delhi-ah dodalna an lantir mup mup reng hi. SIR Phase-I leh Phase-II-ah hian ram pum huap state leh UT hrang hrangah voter maktaduai 5.18 zet chu voter rolls atangin ECI-in a paih a, hei hian overall electorate-ah 10.2%-in a kiam. Uttar Pradesh-ah voter crore 2.05 (lakh 205) zet paih an ni a; Tamil Nadu-ah lakh 97.37, West Bengal-ah lakh 90.93, leh Gujarat-ah lakh 68 (13.39%) te paih an ni. ECI-in ‘duplicate leh non-citizens’ tihte sawi vung hlut mah se SIR-in a taka a nghawng chu, document puitling nei tha thei lo, mi rethei leh hnathawka hmun danga awmte a nghawng na zualin a rinawm. Heng bakah pawh hian sawi kai tur thil thleng tam tak pawh a awm bawk ang. Hei hi tuna Delhi khawpuia “bang rawh se” tihtir lehtu chu a ni.
- Democracy hmaikawr phenah
Comedian leh social critic George Carlin-a’n, “Ram leh khawvel hi mipui ta a ni lo a, khawtlang roreltu leh hmun pawimawh zawng zawng neitu chu mi hausa leh corporate lalte an ni. State house, senate leh judiciary te hi an kutzungchalin a kawh theih huam chhungah a awm vek a, mi dang zawng zawng chu an hnuaia hnathawk mai an ni. Mipuite hian critical thinking nei thei tur leh ngaihtuahna hriam tak hmang turin education tha leh zalenna an mamawh tih sawrkar leh ruling elite te hian an hria a, mahse an duh lo bur a ni. An duh chu zirlai fing lutuk leh thil hre fiah thiam lutuk a ni lo, hna thawktu tur leh system hnuaia kun mai mai tur mi mawl leh thuawih tak chauh a ni an duh ni,” tia a sawina êng atanga han enin tunlai democracy kalpui dan hi a bulthum atangin anmahni inchhek arbawmna tur leh mipuite chunga hnehchhiahna chhunzawm zel nana ruahman sa vek a ni a, inthlanpui neih a nihna rama vote thlak hi democracy tlingtlakna a ni ngawt lo, tunah tak phei chuan hei, inthlanpui felfai tak a awm tawh lohzia hlir kan sawi mek tawh bawk a nih hi.
American political scientist Frankel-i khan India ramin land reform a hlawhchhampui dan a sawi a, land reform nei tur khan ram zaupui neitute kha a nghawng lo thei lo a, mahse kha ram zau pui pui neitute kha khatih laia Congress-a fatu leader ve tak tak an ni hlawm si a, kha land reform kha an kalpui thei tak tak lo, Cooperative leh tualchhunga hmasawnna ruhrel lut tur pawh thingtlanga mi hausaten an lo pusum tel zel a ni. Vawiin thlengin heng hi a la pangngai reng a, mipuite kutah tak tak hian thuneihna a awm ngai lo. Kum nga danah vote an thlak a, chu pawh chu sawi ang khan mi tha thlan chhuahna a ni khât khawp mai. Awp behnain a nuai hrep tawhte rama democratic institution-te hi mipuite thuneihna tak tak chantirna ai mahin, khawtlanga mi zahawm leh challang (elite)-te thuneihna humhalh tura intintuah sa vûng a ni bawk. Chûng chu tuna kan sawi CEC thlan dan atang reng hian thu a lai tawh lo, dan ang thlap chuan thil an ti, a dan pawh kan tar lan tawh kha. Mahse, kha dan chawp khan a dik tlat lo a, dan kha a thawh dan tur dik takin a thawk a, a hrin chhuah hi eng nge ni ta le? Heti ang hi a ni fo, dan hrim hrim hi a corrupt viau thei, chu tak chu a zung atanga dik lo kan tih systematic injustice lo awm chhan pawh hi a ni. Vawiina India rama thil thleng mek hi he sual entir nana tha a va ni chiang em!
Democracy hmaikawr phenah hian hlawkna teltu, kha kalphung tha lo chhawrtute kha an lo bet fur thin. Democracy tlukchhiat dan phung hi thil thleng thut a ni ngai meuh lo. A ruka roreltu leh mi challang (elite) ten dan leh hrai humhalhtu hmanruate an thunun kual a, zalenna leh intluktlanna an tih chhiat chhoh hian mipuiin sawrkarah rinna an nghat ngam tawh lo.
India ram ang awp behna zung zamin a zemte phei chu, rorelna hmunpui insiam dan phung (institutional fabric) leh hma lakna entu leh vengtu hmanruate (oversight mechanism) zawng zawng hi a tir atanga rorel lai sawrkar thuneitute thununna leh institution thunun behna hnuaia inkaih hruai a nih miau avangin, inthlan neih thin hi mipui duh dan pho chhuaktu dik tak ni loin, sawrkar thuneihna hmun khata sawr khawmna (centralised state power) leh mi hausa pawl bik te, khawtlanga mi challang leh zahawmten thuneihna an rawn chelhna (elite hegemony) lemchanna mai a ni mek.
Hemi awmzia chu, awp behna zung zamin a nghawng ramah awp bettute hnutchhiah sawrkar hna thawktu thuneihna hmun khata sawr khawmna kalpung (centralised bureaucratic structures) kha an chhawm zui zel a. Chu chuan thingtlang kilkhawr thlenga mipuite thuneihna dik tak (grassroots democracy) neihna tur a dal a ni. Rorelna hmunpui pawimawh leh zalen tura duan sa te, entir nan, Election Commission leh oversight mechanism te chu sawrkar lai (executive) thu hnuaia lakluh a nihna te hian inthlan neih thin pawh hi mipui an zalenzia tar langtu ni loin, mi hausa leh roreltu pawl bik thuneihna (elite hegemony) vung zel tur leh sawrkar thuneihna hmun khata sawr khawmna (centralised state power) nemngheh nana democracy kalpui chauh a ni tih a chiang thei awm e.
Khawtlanga rorelna dik thlen kawngah hian India democracy hi a la hlawhchham tluang zel a, “Democracy ram lian ber kan ni e,” an tihna phenah hian mipui – roreltu turte chu an thu lo ropui si! Chuvangin, parliamentary democracy hian mipui rorelna leh thuneihna tak tak a thlen ngai lo. Kum 1969-a Indira Gandhi’n Bank-te sawrkar kuta lakluh (Bank Nationalization) leh lal hluite hnena sum pek thin tihbo a tum leh kum 1971-ah chuan ‘Garibi Hatao’ tih thupui retheihna titamtu nuai bo tumna a tlangaupui pawh kha thusawi mawina hmanrua (rhetoric) mai a ni. Ram chhungah kalphung thlak danglamna tak tak (economic structural reforms) kalpui a ni lo a, politika thuneihna zawng zawng chu mipuiah ni loin hmun khatah (centralized) a insawr khawm leh zawk tho. Parliamentary democracy hian mipuite mamawh rorelna dik, intluktlanna leh an hnenah thuneihna a la pe zo lo tluang zel a ni, vawiin thlengin.
- Tlipna
Sawi tur a tam thei viau mai, a chanve pawh kan hril zo lo a ni e. Ka rawn tar lan duh ber chu, “Gyanesh Kumar bang rawh se,” an tihna phena a kalphung hrim hrim dik lo sa kan hriat thiam hmasak hi a pawimawh. CEC Gyanesh Kumar hi lo bang teh reng pawh ni se, CEC ruat dan kalphung emaw, inthlanpui kalpui dan hi emaw, India democracy kalphung emaw hi siam that a nih loh chuan mihring dangin an rawn thlak ringawt a ni ang a, kha kalphung dik lo kha a kal ngaiin a kal reng ang. Chu chuan danglamna leh siam thatna a thlen chuang lo ang. Mi nawlpui lawm tawkah puitling leh puitling kan inbawl phuan kual mai mai a ni e.