- Dr. C. Lalrampana
A KAMKÊUNA
Khawvel pumah Sovereign State ziarang engemaw zat a awm. Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah state 195 chu Sovereign State an ni. United Nations hi kum 1945-a din international organization a ni a, tunah hian ram 195 awm zingah Member State 193 an awm mek. UN leh a hnathawh hi a dintu Charter thil tum leh thu bulte hmanga kaihhruai a ni. UN hi kum tam tak chhung chu khawvel danglam chak tak nena inmil turin a lo thang chho zel a. Khawvel hnam tinte insuihkhãwmna hmun pakhat, harsatna inang tlangte sawihona leh mihring zawng zawng hlãwkna tur thuhmun insem tlan dan tur zawn chhuahna hmunpui a ni. Heng ram hrang hrangte hian ramri mumal tak neiin an ramri chinte chu uluk taka thlirin an humhalh tlat thin. Ramri chin inzahsaklohna leh inlakhêksak tumna a awm zeuh chuan indonain a zui vat thin. Ram hausa deuh leh mahni ramri chin ngai pawimawh apiangin an ramri humhalh nan ramri hungna (border fencing) chu ngaih pawimawh berah an nei thin.
BORDER FENCING
Border Fencing chu border barrier, border fence emaw tih a ni a, chu chu international border-a kal emaw, a bula kal emaw, ramri chin thliarfelna (separation barrier) a ni. Chutiang daltu chu ramri venhimna atana siam a ni tlangpui a, chu chu dan lova pem lut, mihringa sumdawnna, leh smuggling tihtawpna atantea siam a ni thin. Kum 2021 December thla thleng khan ramri hung hi heng ram hrang hrangah hian a awm a: North Korea leh South Korea; Hong Kong-ah a awm a; South Africa leh Mozambique-ah te; Aigupta ramah; Kuwait leh Iraq-ah te; Spain ram tan; Uzbekistan leh Kyrgyzstan-ah te; South Africa-a awm te; Turkmenistan leh Uzbekistan-ah te; Uzbekistan leh Afghanistan-ah te; Botswana leh Zimbabwe te; India; Saudi Arabia leh Yemen-ah te; Brunei leh Limbang-ah te; Kazakhstan leh Uzbekistan-ah te; Bulgaria ram leh; Saudi Arabia leh Iraq-ah te; Hungary ramah chuan; Makedonia leh Israel-te. Belize leh Guatemala inkarahte hian inkharkhip tura ruahman leh a dang engemaw zat a awm bawk a; Costa Rica leh Nicaragua-ah te; Thailand leh Malaysia te, leh United States te pawh a ni. Ram thenkhat ramri hungna siam mek an awm a, chung zingah chuan India leh Bangladesh te pawh an tel a; India leh Myanmar-ah te; Iran leh Pakistan te; leh Ukraine leh Russia te an ni. Poland leh Belarus-in kum 2021 khan dan lova pem lutte vênna atan ramri hung hi an puang a. Dominican Republic leh Haiti pawhin kuminah ramri hung thu an puang bawk. Pakistan leh Afghanistan ramri hi kum 2021 khan siam a ni a, Greece-Turkey border pawh tihzauh a ni.
FMR CHU ENGE NI?
Free Movement Regime hian ramri sir lehlam lehlam India leh Myanmar ramri bula cheng hnamte chu ram dang chhungah km 16 thleng visa nei lovin an inkalpawh theihna mipui dikna chanvo chu a ni a, kar hnih thleng an awm thei bawk. Kum 2018 khan PM Narendra Modi hnuaia kalpui a ni.
Tuna a awm dan anga visa leh passport tel lova luh theihna hi free movement regime chu a ni. FMR hi ramri lehlam lehlama awm chhungkua, khawtlang leh hnam inzawmna nei hnamte’n an mite nena inzawmna an neih that theihna tur system tha taka siam theih nana ruahman a ni.
SORKAR LAIPUI THIL TUM
Jan 19, 2024 Zirtawpni khan Union Home Minister Amit Shah chuan Union sorkarin tuna Indo-Myanmar ramri ngaihtuahawm (porous) tak chu hung veka ?henawm ram nena Free Movement Regime (FMR) tihtawp a rel tih Guwahati-ah official-in a puang ta rup mai! India leh Myanmar hian hmarchhak state Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland leh Arunachal Pradesh-ah kilometer 1643-a thui ramri a nei a, he ramri porous tak hi Manipur-ah hian km 10 chauh hung a ni. India leh Myanmar-in Land Border Crossing chungchanga Inremna an siam hnua kum 2018-a Myanmar nena an inrelbawlna, Free Movement Regime ang chuan ramri lehlam lehlama cheng mipuite chu ram dang chhungah km 16 thleng visa nei lovin an inkalpawh tawn thei a, kar hnih thleng an awm thei bawk a ni. Center-in Myanmar nena Free Movement Regime tihtawp a tum avangin state sorkar te, civil society-te kan buai hle a. India leh Myanmar-te’n ramri pelh chungchanga inremna an siam hnua kum 2018-a Myanmar nena FMR hi siam a ni a.
FMR tihtawp leh ramri hung (fencing) a nih tawh dawn avangin ramri pelh atanga India rama lo lut apiang tan visa lak ngei ngei ngei tur a ni tawh dawn a ni. Kum 2018-a FMR siam a nih khan Center chuan “mihringte kal theihna tura ruahmanna siam theih a ni” tiin a lo sawi tawh a, hei hian he ramri bula chengte zalen taka an kal tawn theihna tura dikna chanvo awm tawhte chuan “regulation leh harmonisation a siam awlsam ang” a tih vang a ni. He ramri bula nun dan pangngaia inthlak danglam zel chu pawmin, sorkar chuan ram pahnihte inkara sum leh pai leh khawtlang inpawhna tihpun bakah hian ramri bula cheng hnam tam zawk, zalen taka kal thinte dikna chanvo chu a humhim dawn” tih a lo sawi tawh a ni. Chin state of Myanmar-a cheng, Mizoram nena inkungkaih, Chin mite chu Mizo leh Manipur-a Kuki-Zomi-te nen hnam khat kan nih laiin, Myanmar-ah pawh Naga mipui tam tak an awm a, a tam zawk chu Naga Self-Administer-ah an awm a ni
Free Movement Regime hian India leh Myanmar ramri bula cheng hnamte chu a sir lehlamah ram dang chhungah km 16 thleng visa nei lovin an kal thei a, kar hnih thleng an awm thei bawk. Kum 2018 khan Narendra Modi sorkarin Act East policy a kalpui atangin hman ?an a ni. Manipura Buaina thleng mek thlirin, Manipur Chief Minister N Biren Singh chuan nikum September , 2023 khan FMR hi titawp turin Centre hnenah a ngen tih a lo sawi tawh a, dan lova pem lutte an lo lut leh ramri kaltlanga mihring hralhna awlsam tak a nih thu a sawi bawk. Manipur sorkarin India leh Myanmar ramri seal a nih theih nan nasa taka hma a lak laiin, Mizoram leh Nagaland-a sorkar leh civil society-te chuan dodalna kan lantir a ni. He thil hi ruahman a nih thu report a chhuah hnu lawkah Mizoram Chief Minister Pu Lalduhoma chuan Prime Minister Narendra Modi leh External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar-te Delhi-ah a lo hmu tawh a, hemi hnu hian media-te hnenah India leh Myanmar ramri chu British-hote’n “ramri min siam chawpsak, barhluih ramri a nih avangin pawmzam theih a nih loh thu a sawi.
India hian Kum 2019 July thla thleng khan Bsngladesh ramri kilometre 2,803.013 (1,741.712 mi) zeta thui fencing a siam zo tawh a. Tin, August 2021 thleng khan kilometer 3,141 (1,952 mi) zeta thui fencing siam zawh a ni tawh bawk. Feasible stretch la awmte chu fencing siam zawh a la ni lo. PM Narendra Modi sorkar chuan India leh Myanmar ramri inhawng chu barbed fencing hmanga humhalh a nih tur thu a rel a. Ramri pumpuiah hian India leh Bangladesh ramri-a kan neih ang hian barbed fencing a awm dawn a ni,’ a ti.
A TLÂNGKAWMNA
Ramri hung leh FMR hi ngaihfin awl tak a ni a,mahse, ngaihfin chi a ni lo, thil hrang daih a ni. FMR hi chu ramri hrul tawn tawna awm mipuite inpawhtawnna tura zalênna a ni a, tihtawp a nih hlauh chuan ramria awm mipuite harsatna nasa tak a thlen ngei ang. Ramri hung (Border fencing) ringawt a niha FMR hlih a nih tel kher loh chuan ramri hung hi a tha ber zawk niin a lang. A chhan chu Smuggling; mihringa sumdawnna (human trafficking);
Drugs tawlh ruk, ralthuam tawlh ruk; dan lova ramdang mi luh ruk leh sumdawnna bawlhhlawh tak tak lo dan nan a tangkai hle a ni.
CM hlui Pu Zorama khan ramri hung turin Central Sorkar a nawr ngar ngar a, Manipur CM Biren Singh leh Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sharma nen an tangrual a ang viau a, ZPM ministry-a CM tharin mi 3 duhdan a hneh ta lo niin a lang. Tu party bik mah tan vang ni lovin ZPM Ministry thar hmalak mekna smuggling leh ruihhlo, ralthuam tawlh ruk tihbo nana tha ber pakhat chu ramri hung chhuah vek hi a ni. Mizoram State ramri pawh hi inhnialna (border dispute) kal lai awm miah lo se’ng chuan barbed fencing hmanga uluk taka hung vek ni se Mizoram Sorkar hmalaknaa tanpuitu tha tak a ni lehzual ang. Chuvangin, sorkar laipuiin Burma ramri hung a tum mek hi ihe lova kan pawmpui a tha hle zawk mai thei. Chutih rualin FMR hi chu hlip tel lo hram se a duhawm hle. I lo thlir phawt teh ang u.