- Zoliansanga Tlau
B. Lalthangliana’n Mizo tobul leh an lo zik chhuah dan a sawi a indawt dan chu hetiang hi a ni: “Sino-Tibetan (or Tibeto-Chinese), Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Assam-Burmese, Kuki or Mizo (Asho, Chho, Halam, Hmar, Lai, Lusei, Mara, Miu, Paite, Ralte, Thado)” (Mizo Chanchin, Third Edition – 2023, p.98) . C. Chhuanvawra paw’n Mizo tobul indawt dan hetiang hian a sawi:
“Mongoloid
Tibeto-Chinese
Tibeto-Burman
Assam-Burmese Branch
Kuki-Chin Group”, tiin.
(Mizote Thlang Tlak Thu [Chinna ram atanga Burman, Mizoram leh a bak thlenga Mizote thlang tlak dan, Mizo history chik taka chhuina], 2023, p.37). B. Lalthangliana chuan, “Tibeto-Burman hlawm tawng hi lam ri khat chauh ziak hlawm chu (monosyllabic) leh, a mal te tea tla hrang chi (violation) a ni a…Tibeto-Burman hlawmho tawng indawt dan erawh chu tuartu (object), thiltitu (subject), thiltih (verb) indawt ‘OSV’ a ni thung” (Mizo Chanchin, p.184) a ti a. Ralluaii Chhangte pawhin, “Mizo tawng hi tawngchikmi (linguist)-ho chuan Tibeto-Burman tawng tam takte zinga tawng pakhatah an dah a. Tibeto-Burman hi Tibeto-Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) zinga tawng peng khat a ni a…Mongolian thlahho zinga peng pakhat Indonesian-Maya an tih zingah mithiam thenkhat chuan mi an dah a. Tin, mihirng nun dan chhuimi (anthropologist)-ho chuan kan tawng hi ngun taka an han en a, tawng dang nen an khaikhinin Tibeto-Chinese tawng zingah an dah a. Tin, Tibeto-Chinese-ho zingah pawh chuan Kawl-ho te, Meitei-ho te, Naga-ho te, Kachin-ho te, Lolo-ho te, Tibet-ho te leh hnam hrang hrang dang nen Tibeto-Burman an tih hnuaiah mi an dah khawm a ni” (Mizo Tawng Chikna, Revised Edition – 2010, p.2& 3) a ti bawk.
Rev. Dr. Zairema khan Duhlian leh Lusei danglamna a hre lo a ni mai thei, hetiang hian a sawi a, “Tuna Lusei kan tihte hi chuan an thlahtu an chhui thui theih ber chu Thlahpa niin an sawi…Thlahpa hian Lusei te, Duhlian te, Chhakchhuak te etc., a thlah a. Lusei tih chu an chi hmingah an hmang a, Duhlian tih chu an tawng hmingah an hmang ta ni maw” (Kan Bible Hi, Second Edition – 2018, p. 136) a ti a. Hrangthiauva sawi dan chuan Chhinlunga a awm a, a thlah chu Thlahpaa a ni a. Thlahpaa chuan – Duhliana, Taichenga leh Hrumtunga te a hring a. Duhiana thlahte chuan Taichenga thlahte chu ‘sam phiraho’ an ti a, Paihte an ti bawk a; anni Taichenga thlahte’n hnung lama sam zialho chu ‘Duhlian’ an ti thung a, an tawng pawh ‘Duhlian tawng’ an ti bawk a. Hrumtunga thlahte chuan Duhlianho chu ‘Hmar’ an ti a (Hmar hnam ni lovin Hmarhcha ti hmarh anga lam tur, Hmar/Mar), anni Duhlian lamin hma lama sam zialho chu ‘Pawih’ an ti ve thung a. Duhlian zinga a hlawm lian ber Luseiho khan Duhlian tawng chu an hmang zel a, Lentlang vela thlang an tlak lai khan “Duhlian tawng tih chu Lusei tawng tih a ni ve fo lo thei lo va. Sailohovin Mizoram an awp achinah phei chuan Duhlian tawng tih chu Lusei tawng tihin a lan ta a, Mizo tawng tihin a lan leh hma zawng kha chuan Lusei tawng (Lushai) tih a ni ta nghe nghe a ni. Mahse, a bulpui zawk leh Lusei tawng hringtu chu Duhlian tawng hi a ni” (Mizo History, [Mizo hnam hrang hrangte chanchin], Chhut Hnihna – January, 2015, p. 7-27). R. Zuala pawhin, “Mizo tawng kan tih hi, dik tak chuan Duhlian tawng a ni zawk a…” (Mizo Tawng: Mizo Zia-rang; MAL, 1975, p.53) a lo ti bawk. Ralluaii Chhangte paw’n, “Tuna Mizo tawng kan tih hi hmanlai kan pi leh pute chuan Duhlian tiin an vuah thin a; Lusei tawng an ti bawk thin. Lusei tawng tia koh chu kan la ching zauh zauh nachingin, tunah hi chuan kan tawng hi Mizo tawng emaw, Zotawng emaw tiin kan vuah ber tawh a ni” (Mizo Tawng, p. 1) a ti. Hetiang hian han khaikhawm dawn ta ila, Mizo tawng chu Tibeto-Burman tawng chhungkua a mi niin, Mizo tawng hi Duhlian Tawng, a hnua Lusei tawng tia an sawi atanga lo zi chhuak chho a ni. Mahse, kan hriat atana pawimawh chu tuna Mizo tawng kan tih hi Duhlian emaw Lusei emaw tawng bik a ni tawh lo tih kan chian a tha ang. Vai tawng, Sap tawng leh Mizo chi peng hrang hrangte tawng (dialect) nen a inpawlh chiat tawh avangin Mizo chi peng/chi te-peng zawng zawng tawng (language) intawmah pawm tur a ni. Tute nge Mizo tih chhanna chu R.B. McCabe-a’n (Our relation with the Eastern Lushai, March 1, 1892-a a ziahah chuan) “Luseiho chuan Mizo (Mizau) an inti a; chu chuan – Ralte, Molbem, Khuangli, Paithe, Taute, Jahau, Duhlein, Lakher, Fanai, Poi, Darlang, Tangur, Sukte, Mar, Falam, Paukhup, Liellul te a huam vek a ni” a ti; Mizo hnahthlakte kim chiah lo mah se, a huap zau tho mai.
JF Laldailova khan, “Mizo tawng hi ‘tonal language’ a nih avangin a thluk dana zirte pawhin thumal pangngai hi awmze hrang hrang neiin thil hrang hrang sawi nan a hman theih a ni” (Bible Thlirna, 2003, p.218) a lo ti a. Mizovin tawng thluk kan neih zat chugchangah kan len thlak a rual lo nachungin Linguist Dr. Lalrindiki’n thluk chi hrang pali – Ri sang, Ri hniam, Ri lawn leh Ri kuai kan nei a tih leh Dr. Thangi’n tone chi li a awm a – thluk hniam, thluk sang, thluk chho leh thluk tlahniam a tih hi a pawmawm viau rih niin alang (Sutpui, MAL – 2014, p. 157 & 158). Darchuailova Renthlei chuan, “Ziaktu thenkhatin Mizo tawngah thluk li aia tam awma an hriatna chhan hi kawng hnih awmin a lang a, a pakhatna chu homophones hi thluk hranga an chhiar vang a ni a; a pahnihna chu vowel tawi lej sei hi a hranga an chhiar vang a ni. Mizo tawngah hian a thluk/a lam dan inang chiah, a spelling thuhmun chiah, a kawh leh a awmzia hrang daih, part of speech-a a nihna pawh dang aih a awm thluah mai a; heng hi homophones an ti a” a ti bawk (Zotawng Nihphung, Dinhmun leh Hmathlir, 2013, p.44).
JH Lorrain (Pu Buanga) leh FW Savidge (Sap Upa) te’n Roman Script hi hawrawp atana hmangin Hunterian System an tih mai chu tlema tidanglam deuhvin A, Aw, B… min siamsak a. Lalhruaitluanga Ralte chuan, “Kan mi thiam hmasaten an lo ziah dan chuan Pu Buangaten Aizawla an lo luh hnu, kum 1895 February emaw March emawah a aw b an siam tih hi a ni a. Hei hi a dik tawk lo va, Silchar-a an awm laiin kum 1893-ah khan an lo duang chhuak diam tawh zawk a…Kum 1893-a Silchar-a an awm laia an hawrawp siam chhuah chu heti ang hi a ni a, kum 1896 thleng pawhin an la hmang a ni. Chu an hawrawp duan chhuah chu: å, a, b, ch, d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch a ni a, å hi aw tia lam a ni”. A vaiin hawrawp 23 a ni. Amah vek khan, “Heng hawrawp an duan chhuah hmasak hi kum 1897-a Grammar leh Dictionary siam zawh, kum 1898-a lo chhuakah chuan a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, t, u, v, z tiin hawrawp 24 a lo ni a. Ng hi alphabet zingah an telh lo va, n hmunah an dah mai a ni. Kum 1940-a chhuak Pu Buanga Dictionary-ah kha chuan j pawh Mizo tawngah hmanna a awm loh avangin a paih leh tawh a, hawrawp 23 a ni leh a. Zosaptharan j leh Ng a belh leh hnuah hawrawp 25 a lo ni ta a ni” (Zoram Vartian: Chanchintha lehThuziak khaw var tan dan, 2008, p.208 &212) a ti. Ralluaii Chhangte chuan vowel paruk – a, aw, e, i, o , u te kan nei a ti a (Mizo Tawng Chikna, p.17), a pawmawm viau rih bawk. Mizote kawng dang dangah hma kan sawn zel ang chiahin kan Mizo tawng pawhin hma a sawn zel a, a hmaa dik nia kan lo pawm kha, thlirna thar hmanga kan han thlir lehin dikhlel deuh te, sawifiahna tha zawk te a awm leh thei a. Tawng chungchangah phei chuan Linguist-te thusawi kan bengkhawna kan ngaihven a tul thin ang.
R.L Thanmawia’n, “Sap tawng chu Subject, Verb, Object (SVO) a ni a, Mizo tawng erawh Subject, Object, Verb (SOV) a ni deuh ber a. Thanga (S) goes (V) to school (O) tih chu Mizo tawng chuan Thanga (S) Sikulah (O) a kal (V) a ni tlat” (Chuailo Bu 2-na, 2010, p. 198) a ti a. Mahse, mi thenkhat chuan Object, Subject, Verb – OSV titu an awm bawk. Ralluaii Chhangte chuan, “Thiltitu (subject) leh tuartu (object) hi, a eng zawk zawk pawh sawi hmasak theih a ni. Tichuan, thu indawt dan chu subject-object-pronominal-verb emaw, object-subject-verb emaw a ni thei a ni. Entirna:
Siamin Lala a ko. Lala Siamin a ko”
S O P V O S P V (Mizo Tawng Chikna, P.110) a lo ti a. A thu vuak thlak anga subject leh object te sawi hmasaka sawi hnuhnung theih a nih chuan Mizo word order chu SOV leh OSV a ni kawp tiin a khaikhawm theih dawn a. Mahse, zawhna a awm nual thei ang, entirnan: ‘Sanga’n rul a that’ kan tih hi SOV a ni a, ‘Rul, Sanga’n a that’ ti ta ila OSV a ni bawk ang. Han ngaihtuah vang vang ta ila, ‘Rul, Sanga’n a that’ tih ai chuan ‘Sanga’n rul a that’ tih chu a nih dan tur zawk leh a mar tluang tha zawk a ni tih kan hre theuh ang. Darchuailova Renthei chuan Ralluaii Chhangte sawi thlawp deuh si; mahse, sawifiahna dang neiin – Mizo tawng chu SOV Language a ni, entirnan: Thanga lehkha a zir (SOV), “third person-a sentence siam a nih reng rengin Mizo tawng chu SOV language a ni a, subject a hmasa ber a, object-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui thin” a ti a. Tin, Mizo tawng hi OSV Language a ni. Entirnan: Lehkhabu ka ziak ve nual tawh asin (OSV), “first person-a thu kan sawi/ sentence kan siam reng rengin object a hmasa ber a, subject-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui thin” a ti bawk (Zotawng Nihphung, Dinhmun leh Hmathlir, 2013, p.49 & 50). Darchuailova Renthlei thu vuak thlak chu, Third person-a sentence kan siamin SOV a ni a; First person-a sentence kan siamin OSV tih a ni. Second person-a sentence kan siamin eng word order nge ni ve ang? Darchuailova Renthlei-in, “third person-a sentence siam a nih reng rengin Mizo tawng chu SOV language a ni a, subject a hmasa ber a, object-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui thin” a tih leh “first person-a thu kan sawi/ sentence kan siam reng rengin object a hmasa ber a, subject-in a dawt a, verb-in a zui thin” a tih dikhlelna chu PC Thangziakpuia’n hetiang hian entirna a siamin a sawifiah:
- Hranga’n mau a pu – 3rd person
- Keima’n mau ka pu – 1st person
- Nangma’n mau i pu – 2nd person A point khatna ‘Hranga’n mau a pu’ tih hi SOV a ni a. A point hnihna leh thumnaa “Keima’n, nangma’n” tih a tel hian SOV tho a ni a; amaherawhchu, “Keima’n, nangma’n” tih tel kher lovin sentence puitling tho a ni a, kan sawi dan a ni zawk nghe nghe a – ‘Mau ka pu’, ‘Mau i pu’ tiin. Hetah hi chuan OSV a ni ta a, mahse, a nihna takah chuan SOV tho kha a ni tih chu PC Thangzikpuia thu vuakthlak a ni. Hetiang hian a sawi, “Mau ka pu tiin leh mau i pu ti tein a surface structure chauh hi kan chelek ta zawk thin a. Hetianga a surface structure zawk kan cheleknaah hian word order hi object-subject-verb (OSV) angin a lang ta mai thin chauh zawk a ni. Entirnaa kan tar lan ang hian, a awmze bulthum (deep structure) lamah chuan subject-object-pronoun-verb (SOPV) hi a ni reng tho a ni” a ti. Hetiang hian a khaikhawm, “Chuvangin, Mizo tawnga intransitive verb hmanga sentence kan siamah chuan ‘subject-pronoun-verb’ (SPV) hi thu chheh indawt dan a ni a. Transitive verb hmanga sentence kan siamah chuan ‘subject-object-verb’ (SOPV) hi kan thu chheh indawt dan a ni ta a ni” (Mizo Tawng Grammar [Based on it usage and unique features], 2019, p. 247 – 249) tiin. A chhunga thuziak kan tarlan atang khian, Mizo tawng hi SOV a ni tiin a khaikhawm thei ang
“Kan Duhlian tawng hi kan hnam phu tawkah chuan tawng famkim ber pawl a ni a; khawvel tawng mawi ber zinga mi a nih pawh ka ring. Grik tawng hi chu kan tluk lo vang a; Hebrai erawh hi chu kan khum hial ka ring a ni” – JF Laldailova