- Laiu Fachhai
Thuhma
Mara leh Lai hian hnam incheinate (hnam puan, etc), hnam (Lai ṭawnga ‘phun’ leh Mara ṭawnga ‘pho’) hmingte, ṭawng thumal bulte (root words), hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihṭhinziate inanna tam tak an neih avangin Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia sawi leh ziakte a awm ṭhin, a bik takin Lai mithiamte aṭangin. British hun laia Lushai Hills Superintendent NE Parry pawh khan hetiang lam hawi zawngin a ziak ve. Lai mithiamte ṭanchhan, Mara leh Lai inanna kan sawi takte khi, Mara mithiamte pawhin ṭanchhan vein Lai chu Mara chi pêng pakhat niin an sawi ve thei tho a ni.
Mara chu Lai chi pêng ni lovin, Lai pawh Mara chi pêng ni lovin, Mara leh Lai chu unau an ni a, nimahsela unau indang tawhte an ni a, chi leh hnam hran ve vea chhuak an ni tawh tih theory hi Marate dinna a ni a, chu dinna chu he article hian sawizau a tum a ni. A chunga kan sawi tak inannate avang khian, Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia ngaihruatna siam hi academic leh scholarly thlirna tlang pakhat aṭanga thlir chuan, Lai unaute chu Mara unaute hmar lama awm an ni avangin, thlangtla theory nena zawm tirin ngaihruat theina tur chen chu a awm. Nimahsela thlirna tlang dang aṭanga thlir erawh chuan, ngaihruatna dang a awm ve thei tho awm e.
Tu nge Lai chu?
“Lai” nia hriatte chu Myanmar Chin State-a Haka (Halkha) township, Thantlang (Thlantlang) township leh Falam township-a Laite leh Mizoram Lawngtlai District-a Laite hi an ni deuh ber a. Chin State lama Haka, Thantlang leh Falam Laite chuan, “Lai” tih hi, a chang chuan hmanlaia Chin-Kuki-Lushai chi zawng zawng, a bik takin Chin chi leh hnam zawng zawng huam tir veka an hman hun a awm a, ni tin nun leh thiltihnaah erawh chuan anmahni Haka-Thantlang-Falam chi leh ṭawng sawina atan an hmang tam ber a, Haka-Thantlang-Falam ṭawng chu “Lai” ṭawng an ti deuh bik ṭhin. Haka leh Thantlang chu an ṭawng a inang a, Falam ṭawng erawh chu tlemin a danglam hret a, mahse an inhriat thei. Lai ṭawng hi ṭawng mawi leh hlun a ni a, Lai mithiamten an tiṭhang zel a, tunah chuan ṭawng hausak tak a ni tawh.
Chin State-a Haka township, Thantlang township leh Falam township-a awm Laite leh Mizorama Lai Autonomous District Council chhunga awm Laite hi hmanlaia Lusei/Duhlian Mizoten “Pawi” an lo tih ṭhin hnamte kha an ni. Chuvangin he article-a “Lai” tih hian Lai ṭawng hmang Haka-Thantlang leh LADC-a Lai chi leh hnamte hi a kawk bik dawn a ni.
Tu nge Mara chu?
Americaa Lai mithiam Kenneth Van Bik chuan a lehkhabu Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages (Berkeley: University of California, 2009, pp 8, 54)-ah India (Mizoram State) leh Myanmar (Chin State) chhunga awm chi leh hnam ṭhenkhatte chu hnamhlawm lian, Mara (Maraic) hnamhlawm group hnuaiah a dah a ni. Chungte chu vawiina India leh Myanmar rama Mara nia inchhalte (Tlôsai-Siaha, Zyhno-Lialai-Heima, Lôchei-Hawthai, Chapi-Ngiaphia-Sabyh, Siaha District-a Vyhtu/Vuangtu), Myanmara Lautu chi (Hnaring khua, Surngen khua, etc), Zophei chi (Khuabung khua, Leitak khua, etc), Senthang chi (Surkhua, etc) leh Zotung chi (Rizua khua, etc) te an ni. Heng chi leh hnamte hi Lakher Pioneer Mission pawhin Mara nia a ngaihte leh a mission field atana a hauh ramte an ni. Hmanlai chuan Haka-Thantlang Laimite chuan Maraic chi leh hnamte hi “Zo chhia, Zo ek tan sau” tiin an thliarhrang hle ṭhin a, an hmuhsit hle ṭhin. Tunah erawh chuan chutiang nunzia chu an ching tawh lo. Vawiina India leh Myanmar ramtea awm Mara nia inchhal chi leh hnamte chuan Tlôsai Mara ṭawng chu an official ṭawng atan an hmang a, chutih rual chuan anmahni awmna hmuna Mara ṭawng hman dan (accent/dialect) ṭheuh hmangin an inbe thei a, an inhriat thei a ni.
Mara hi Lai chi pêng a ni em?
A chunga kan sawi tak ang khian, Parry chuan Mara chu Lai (Haka-Thantlang) chi pêng a nihzia leh Mara ṭawng pawh Lai ṭawng nen a inhnaih thu a ziak a (The Lakhers, London: McMillan, 1932, p.1). Arakan lam chuan Marate chu Shandu tia an hriatzia leh Shandu hnam hnuaiah chuan Lai hnam pawh a tel ve thu a ziak bawk a. Mahse a ziah zelnaah Shandu hnam chu Mara hnam sawina atan a hmang satliah chauh ni lovin, a hmang bik (super-impose) tlat a ni. Chuvangin colonial hun laia Shandu an lo tih ṭhin hnam kha Mara hnam a nihzia chu a chiang a ni. Shandu ṭawng tia hriat ṭhin pawh vawiina Mara ṭawng hi a nih mai avangin, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) chuan Shandu ṭawng chu a hranpaa dah tawh loin, Mara ṭawng nen fin (merge) a, Shandu ṭawng number chu chawlhtîr (retire) a tum tawh a ni.
Parry-in Mara chu Lai chi pêng pakhat nia a ziah hi, a hriat sual niin a lang. A lehkhabua a thusawi ṭhenkhat pawh hriat sual a nei nual. Colonial officerte hmuhdan leh thusawite kha dik vek anga ngaih leh pawm tur a nih bik lohzia a lang leh ṭhin. Lushai Hills Superintendent LL Peters pawhin Lakher Pioneer Mission leh missionary Rev Reginald Arthur Lorrain chanchin hetiang hian a hre sual ve tlat: “Mr Lorrain originally came out shortly after his brother the Rev. J.H. Lorrain and Rev. F. Savidge to the London Baptist Mission at Serkawn (Near Lungleh) but broke away after a few years and started the Lakher Pioneer Mission at Serkawr” (Laiu Fachhai, Pâhkao 1938: Lorrain Mothlih Tlana Su nata Kô, 2024, pp 214-215).
Superintendent Peters chuan Lakher Pioneer Mission kha Lorrain Serkawn a lo thlen hnua din chawp niin a sawi a, a hriat sual a ni. Lorrain kha kum 1907-ah Serkawn a rawn thleng a, Lakher Pioneer Mission kha Lorrain Serkawn a lo thlen hma, 1905-ah London khawpuiah din daih tawh a ni. Chuan Lorrain kha Serkawna London Baptist Mission (Baptist Missionary Society) hnuaia thawk tura rawn kal a ni lo. A tir te aṭanga Mara rama rawngbawl tura rawn kal a ni. Chuvangin London Baptist Mission aṭanga phelh (break away) a ni lo. Mizo ṭawng leh khatih hunlaia Lushai Hills chanchin te zir turin a ute awmna Serkawnah khan thla ruk vel chauh a awm a ni. Serkawnah khan a kum telin (a few years) a awm lo hrim hrim. Superintendent Peters-in Lakher Pioneer Mission leh Lorrain chanchin a hriat sual ang khan, Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia a sawi hi Superintendent Parry pawh khan a hriat sual ve a ni. Mara chu Lai chi pêng a ni lo. A chunga kan sawi tak Van Bik Maraic theory pawh khian Mara chu Lai chi pêng a nih lohzia a finfiah a ni.
Mara leh Lai unau nihna chu Marate pawhin an pawm a, Mara hi Lai chi pêng anga sawi erawh chu Maraten an pawm thei lo. Lai leh Mara chu pa leh fa ni lovin, u leh nau an ni tih hi Marate pawm dan a ni. A awmzia chu Mara hi Lai thlah ni lovin, Lai leh Mara chu thlahtu pakhat aṭang chuak unau an ni tih hi Marate dinna a ni. Mara leh Lai hnam incheina, hnam (phun) hming, ṭawng thumal bul (root word), hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihṭhinzia inannate a awm avanga Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia ngaihruatna awm hi, he article ziaktu chuan a dik hlel deuhzia tiang hian a chhang a ni:
Mara leh Lai hnam incheina ṭhenkhat inanna
Hnam incheina (hnam puan, etc) inanna avanga Marate chu Lai an ni tih emaw, Mara chu Lai chi pêng a ni tihte hi academic leh scholarly argument awm thei pakhat chu a ni ve a, nimahsela thutlukna siamna atan erawh chuan innghahna lian ber leh dik ber a ni chuang lo. Mara-in nge Lai hnam incheina a lâk chhâwn, Lai zawkin nge Mara incheina a lâk chhâwn, hetianga incheina hi tu in nge hmuhchhuak hmasa a, hmang hmasa zawk, Lai nge Mara, tia inhnial, inhnial pawh a ṭul lo. Sawi tawh angin, unau an ni a, chhuan eng emaw zat chu lo khawsa ho an ni a, an in-indang tawh hnuah pawh an khawsakna khua leh ram te a inhnaih bawk a, chuvangin hnam inchei danah pawh inanna tam tak an nei ang tih chu hriat sa a ni. Chutih rual chuan Mara pipute chuan Maraten incheina (mipa puan, hmeichhe puan, etc) leh lam chi hrang hrang an nei tam ang hian, Laite chuan an nei tam ve lo thu an sawi ṭhin.
Khawthlang lam Caucasian (European) hnamte pawh khu an incheina thuah chuan an inang hlawm hle. An incheina a in an avanga “German ho hi English chi pêng an ni, etc,” tih erawh chu a dik thei tawh lo ang. An in-indangna a rei tawh. Israelte leh Arabte pawh khu Abrahama thlah an ni ve ve a, hmanlai chuan an inchei dan pawh a inang tlangpui a, nimahsela tunah chuan chi leh hnam hrang ve vein an chhuak tawh a ni.
Mara leh Lai hnam (phun) hming ṭhenkhat inanna
Hnam (phun) hming inang tam tak a awm avanga Mara chu Lai chi pêng pakhat nia ngaihruatna pawh hi academic leh scholarly argument pakhat chu a ni ve thei a, nimahsela, hnam incheina ang bawkin thlirna tlang dang a awm ve tho a ni. Mara hnam hminga awm lo Lai hnam a awm nual a, Lai hnam hming zinga tel lo Mara hnam a awm nual bawk. Entirnan, Mara hnam Solo (Chapi-Ngiaphia accent/dialect hmangtuten Feilei an tih) hi Lai hnam zingah a tel lo awm e. Lal hnam – Chinzah (Mara Choza), Hlawnchhing (Mara Hlychho), Zathang (Mara Zawtha), etc – te inanna hi chu eng dang vang a ni lo, Mara khua ṭhenkhatin Lai lal thlahte an lal atana an va sawm vang a ni. Hmanlai Mara khawvelah chuan an lalin an ral an hnehpui theih lohna a rei tawh chuan, ral laka chak ṭhin hmar lama Lai lal thlahte an lal atan an va sawm ṭhin. Hmar lama Lai lalten Mara khua an lo run lohna atan Lai lal thlahte an lal atan an va sawm ṭhin bawk a, Lai lal fanute pawh Mara lal emaw lal fapa emaw nupui atan an nei ṭhin. Lai khuate aṭanga Mara rama rawn pem a, lo thlangtlate an awm bawk.
Thu dik erawh chu hei hi a ni. Chinzah, Hlawnchhing, Zathang, etc., lal hnam leh thlahten Mara rama lal ni tura an lo chhuk khan, an Lai ṭawng leh an Lai mipui te Mara khua leh ramah an rawn chhukpui lo. An rawn luh laia an rawn luhna hmuna ṭawng awm tawh Mara ṭawng an ṭawm a, Mara mipuite chungah an lo lal a ni. Chuvangin Lai rama an awm laia Lianchi Hlawnchhing chu Mara ramah chuan Laichi Hlychho a ni ta a, chutiang bawkin Lai rama Chinzah chu Mara ramah Choza a ni tawh a, Lai rama Zathang pawh Mara ramah chuan Zawtha a ni ta a ni. Hei hian a finfiah chu, Lai lal thlahte Mara ram lam an lo kal lai khan Mara ramah Mara ṭawng leh Mara mipui an lo awm diam tawh a, Lai lalte leh an hnung zuitu tlemte te khan, chu Mara ṭawng leh Mara mipui chu lo ṭawmin, an lo zawm a, Mara ramah chuan Mara niin an lo khawsa ve ta a ni. Lai ni tawh lovin Mara an ni tawh, tihna a nih chu. Hei hian Mara chu Lai chi pêng pakhat a nih lohzia a nemnghet a ni.
Khatih hun lai kha chuan Laipa-in Mara ramah a lo pem chuan Mara a ni ve mai a, Marapa-in Lai ram lam a pem chhoh chuan Lai a ni ve mai ṭhin. Tunah erawh chu urbanization leh globalization hunah kan awm tawh a, chuvangin Laimi-in India Mara ram Siaha khawpui leh Mynmar Mara ram Lialaipi khawpuiah te an khawsak chuan an Lai nihna leh an Lai ṭawng an chhawm nung a, Lai ṭawng an la thiam a nih chuan; Marate pawhin Lairam Haka, Thlantlang, Lawngtlai khawpuiah te an khawsak chuan an Mara ṭawng leh Mara nihna a chhunzawm thei zel tawh a ni. A awmzia chu Mara leh Lai chu chi hrang ve ve niin leh ṭawng hrang nei ve ve niin nghet takin a kal tawh a ni.
Mara leh Lai ṭawng thumal bul ṭhenkhat inanna
Mara leh Lai ṭawngtea ṭawng thumal bul inan eng emaw zat awm mahse, ṭawng an inhriat pawlh tawh lohna aṭanga chhuiin, thlahtu pakhat aṭanga chhuak unau mah ni se la, an in-indangna a rei tawh niin a lang. Lai ṭawngah chuan consonant-a tawp thumal tam tak a awm a, Mara ṭawnga thumal zawng zawng erawh chu vowelin a tawp vek a ni. Ṭawng hi chi leh hnam hran nihna a lanna lian ber pakhat a ni a, ṭawng an inhriat tawh lohna aṭanga chhuiin Mara leh Lai chu chi leh hnam hran an ni tih a lang chiang a ni.
Piputen Haka khua hming hi hmanlai chuan “Hiakha” tih a ni e, an ti a, “Hiakha” tih chu Mara ṭawng a ang hle. Haka khuaa Kristian hmasa Pu Siakhaw hming pawh Mara hming a ang hle. Hei hian min hrilh chu, unaute – Mara leh Lai – hian eng tik hunah emaw chuan Haka velah khian an lo khawsa ho mai thei a ni. Hei hian a entir dang leh chu, chi pêng ṭawngkam hman a ni dawn chuan, sawi tawh angin, Lai hi Mara chi pêng nia ngaihruatna pawh thil awm thei a ni ve tho a ni.
Mizorama Mara leh Lai unaute chuan Pawi-Lakher Regional Council (PL Region)-ah awm ho an tum a, nimahsela an awm ho leh thei lo. An awm ho theih lohna chhan pawh an in-indangna a rei tawh avanga ṭawng leh thil dang tam takah inan lohna an nei tam tawh vang a ni. PL Regionah khan official ṭawng atan Lai ṭawng hman ni ta se, Marate chauh ni lovin Lai member ṭhenkhatin Lai ṭawngin thu an sawi thei si loh a, Mara ṭawng hman ni ta se, Lai memberten Mara ṭawng chu an hriat leh si loh a, chuvangin Mizo ṭawng chu common language atan hman a ngai ta a ni. Council Memberte zinga Mara ṭhenkhat tan phei chuan Mizo ṭawnga thupui hlapui han sawi chu an harsatpui ṭhin. Chu chauh chu a la ni lo. Mahni ṭawnga rorel thei a nih si loh chuan, Council-in a tum, ṭawng leh hnamzia te humhalh leh tihmasawnna thlengin a nghawng thei dawn avangin, unaute chuan in-indang leh a, ADC hran nei ve ve kha ṭha zawkin an hriat ta a ni.
Mara leh Lai hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihṭhinzia ṭhenkhat inanna
Mara leh Lai hian hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihṭhinzia inanna tam tak an neihzia chu thu dik a ni. Hnam lam leh inneihna kalpui dan te phei chu an inang hle. Chuvangin hemi chungchangah chuan inhnial vakna tur a tam lo. Sawi tawh angin, thlahtu pakhat nei unau an ni a, khawi hmun leh eng hunah emaw chuan an lo khawsa ho ang a, an in-indan hnuah pawh an awmna khua leh ramte an inhnaih bawk a, inneih pawlh ṭhin an ni bawk nen, chuvangin inannate chu lo thei loin a awm tur a ni. Chutih rual chuan, hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihṭhinziate hi ṭawngah an inphum a, Marate chuan tun thlengin an ṭawng an hlut a, an hmang zel avangin an hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihṭhinzia te pawh vawng ṭhain an humhalh thei zel ta a ni.
Maraten hetianga an ṭawng an hlut leh an humhalh thei hi mission hran, Lakher Pioneer Mission an nei vang a ni. Lakher Pioneer Mission kha Mara ramah rawn kal lo ta se, Marate chuan eng ti tihin emaw Kristian chu an ni ve mahna? Chutih rual chuan ṭawng dang hmangin an Kristian dawn a ni. Lakher Pioneer Mission avangin Mara Bible, Mara hlabu leh Mara ṭawnga zirna sikul te an nei a, tunah phei chuan Mara ṭawng chu official ṭawnga hmanna Mara Autonomous District Council an nei bawk a, chuvangin Mara ṭawng chu tun thlenga nungin a ṭhanglian zel a ni.
Tlipna
A tawpah chuan, Lai leh Mara chu unau an ni a, pafa erawh an ni lo, tih hi chian a pawimawh hle. Unau mah ni se la, an in-indangna a rei tawh avangin ṭawng leh thil dang tam takah inan lohnate an nei tawh tih hriain, an inan lohna te chu hmangaihnain inhriatpui tawn ṭheuh a, inpawmpui tawn thiam an tum zel tur a ni. Inan lohna te awm mah se, unau an nihna hriat reng chungin an awm hona Siaha District, Lawngtlai District, Mizoram, India, Chin State, Myanmar leh foreign ramah te inhmangaih tawn a, ingei dial diala ṭhenawm ṭha leh unau inhmangaih ni an tum zel tur a ni.