|| Tun hi ram enkawltute fiahna hun a ni dawn….
- R.L.Rinawma
Bamboo Entrepreneur & President, Zoram Management Association
Mau hlutna danglam tak kan thlirho tur hi kan ram tana nghawng nei thei a nih avangin Mizoram mipuite tan a pawimawh hle mai. Tunah hian kan ram hi thil hlu takin a hmuak mek a, ram roreltuten ram mipuite tan thil chhenfakawm an chhawp theihna hun a ni mek a, kan ram enkawltute fiahna hun pawimawh a ni dawn a.
Mau chungchanga Mizoram dinhmun hi lo thlir hmasa ila. India ram Mau awm tamna (bamboo area) hi lo thlir ila:
STATE Mau in ram a khuh %
Andhra Pradesh 6
Odisha 8
Chhatisgarh 8
Maharashtra 8
Madhya Pradesh 9
India Hmarchhak State 40
A bak zawng 15
Hmarchhak State ho dinhmun:
STATE Mau in ram a khuh %
Arunachal 28.72
Manipur 16.62
Mizoram 16.51
Assam 12.93
Nagaland 8.75
Meghalaya 8.56
Tripura 5.80
Sikkim 2.11
Source: Dr. Nirmala Chongtham, Professor, Dept of Botany, Punjab University
Hetiang hi kan dinhmun tlangpui a ni a, Mizoram hi Mau a hausa, Mau chi hrang pawh tamna, mi State ten ‘State vannei’ an tih kan ni ve tlat mai.
Amaherawhchu, kum tam tak chu mau hmanga industry din leh eizawnna chhenfakawm neih kawngah kan la kal thui lo hle thung. Mau chungchang kan ziakin kan sawi tam aiin kan chhawr bawk lo hle a. Mau hmang tangkai lo ber State kan ni a. Min hrechiangtute nuih kan ti za mek a ni. Kan thenawm Assam leh Tripura te chuan namen lovin an chhawr tangkai tawh a. Mau hmanga sum dehchhuah thuah chuan Nagaland leh Arunachal pawh kan tluk ta lo a ni. Tin, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu leh Kerala te an che tha em em bawk a. National Bamboo Mission ruahmanna nen inthlawp tha takin an kal hlawm a ni. Entir nan chauh, Epitome company Tripura ami te siam Bamboo wood panel, thingphel anga siam hi an thatpuiin an hmingthang hle tawh a, rampawna thawnchhuah atangin vaibelchhe telin sum an rut a ni. Kan ram enkawltute leh mipuite cho nana tarlan mai a ni e. Kan sawi tum lam pan zel ila.
ETHANOL
Tun hnaiah kan tana thil thar ‘Ethanol’ thawm Central atangin a lo ri a. Ethanol chungchang kan sawi fiah nan a bul deuh atangin India ram hmalakna hrang hrang bengvar nan pawh tarlang ila. Heng ‘tuialhthei’ kan tih mai, petrol te, diesel te hi leihnuai thuk tak atanga sum tam tak seng a laihchhuah ngai, sawngbawl hautak zet mai, ‘fossil fuels’ an tih hi an ni a. Arab ram ten an ngah em em laiin India ram hi hetiang ‘fossil fuels’ lamah hian a hausa ve tlat lova. Kumtinin ram dang atanga a chawkluh nan sum tam tak a seng mek a. Hei hi ram roreltute tiluhaitu a ni a. Sum tam tak sen a ngai a. Chuvangin, India sawrkar chuan ‘energy security’ a tih mai, tuialhthei thar chhuah tam theih loh pawh a a chhawktu engemaw tal ngaihtuah chhuah beihpui hi a thlak reng a ni. Tichuan, kum tam tak chu mithiamten kawng an dap chho reng a, kum 2009 chhoah khan National Policy on Biofuels 2009 siamin hma a lo la fe tawh a. Tichuan, kum 2018 khan kan sawrkar laipui chuan a hma a National Policy on Biofuels a lo hman tawh aia tuam zau zawk National Policy on Biofuels-2018 hman turin a siam leh ta a. Rahbi rah tur a intuk ta a. Kum 2022 a lo thlen chuan ramdang atanga tuialhhei chawkluh hi 2014-15 lai a senso chhuta 10% in a tlem tur a ni tih hi an nawr ngawrh ta hle a. An hmalakna langsar ber chu: a hau a hmang tawh loin Petrol a (first generation ethanol- Ethanol Blended Petrol) pawlha hman turin India ram State 9 leh Union Territory 4 ah January 1, 2003 atangin petrol hralh chhuahah ethanol per cent 5 a tel zel tur a ti phawt a, a hnuah zau zawkin State 21 leh UT 4 ah an an hmang ta zel a. Hei hian ramdang atanga tuialhthei chawkluhna senso nasa takin a chhawk bakah ethanol hi chhehvel boruak (environment) tan pawi a sawi nep zawk fe bawk si a ni. Hei hi umzui tlakah a ngai ta zel a. Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMC) ho hi hemi lama an pa pek deuh an ni a. Anni pawhin phut ang ngeiin tan an la bawk a, ethanol deh chhuah pawh an tipung chak khawp mai. Tichuan, April 1, 2019 a lo thlen meuh chuan petrol a ethanol (ethanol-blended petrol) pawlh chu Andaman & Nicobar leh Lakshadweep tih lohah chuan India ram pumah hman a ni ta a ni.
ETHANOL LEH MAU
Ethanol hi kan la hmelhriat em em lo pawh a ni ang. A tir te atanga Ethanol an siam chhuahna hi chu vaimim te, fu emaw kurtai (molasses) a ni deuh ber a. Zu siamtu company ten an bawlhlo ekchhia, paih tawh tur ethanol siam nan an hmang thei bawk. Amaherawhchu, hetia sawrkarin beihpui a chhuah a, petrol leh ethanol pawlh ramin a hman tak chinah hian sawrkarin rampawn atanga tuialhthei a lakluhna sum tam tak a hum phah ta a. NITI Aayog-in a tarlan dan phei chuan kum 2020-21 a ramin tuialhthei ram dang atanga a lakluh (import) hi 185 MT niin senso pawh USD maktaduai 55 lai a ni a, hetia Ethanol pawlh petrol hman a nih tak hnu hian ramin Rs. vaibelchhe singthum a hum theih phah a ni a ti. Hetiang hi a nih avang hian Ethanol hi a hma aia nasa zawka tihchhuah a duh ta a, chu chu “Second generation (2G) Ethanol” lo chhuahna hi a ni ta a. Sawrkar policy ang chuan he programme hnuaiah hian Ethanol siam nan fu (sugar cane) leh molasses (kurtai) chauh ni tawh lovin thil chi hrang hrang- thlai tawihchhia te, thing leh mau, hnimhnah (biomass)te, vaimim leh khawpui thli tui atang tepawha siam chhuah a theihna apiang dap turin mithiamte a thawhtir ta a ni. Oil Refineries kan rama awmte chu bo a bang awm lovin 2G Ethanol siam chhuak turin sawrkarin a nawr ta chur chur mai. Chutichuan, he 2G Ethanol rual hian mau atanga Ethanol siam chhuah hi technology hman ngai a ni ngei a, mahse, thil harsa tak a ni lo tih hriat a ni ta a. Tin, heng Ethanol siam chhuah theihna thil hrang hrang zingah hian mau hi an duh ber pawl a lo ni a. Tin, ‘green energy’ boruak tichhe lutuk lo chi a ni hlauh bawk a, chutichuan, mau ngah ram dinchhuah hun a va ni mawi awm ve! Mau ngah ber zinga hriat, Mizoram tan hian chanchin lawmawm tak a nih rualin chotu vawrtawp a ni nghal a ni. Eizawnna kawng thar leh tha eltiang a inhawng tihna a ni a, Mizoramin pheichham a man dawn ta em ni?. Khawvel ram zau zawkah an chanchinbu lar ah te chuan “Bamboo to ethanol, India’s biofuel industry to explode into a USD 15 billion market” phek hma lam an tial chiai chuai a ni.
ASSAM STATE AN CHE SANG
He thil thar hi kan Mizoramin engtinnge a lo chhawn ve dawn tih hi zofate tan zawhna pawimawh em em a lo ni ta nghal a. Kan thenawm chiah Chief Minister, Sonowal leh Himanta Sarma te kaihhruai Assam sawrkar hmalak dan leh an hmalakna chak tak hi kan inzir nan tal pawh tarlan a tha awm e. Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) hi Finland ram company Chempolis Oy nena tang dun din (Assam sawrkar pawh share neitu a ni), sum tam tak vawmluhna chuan beihpui chhuahin Ethanol siam turin mau a thial sawm miah miah dawn ta, kum tinin ethanol maktaduai 60 liter a siam chhuak dawn a ni. NRL corporate office hi Guwahati a awm a ni a, Refinery hmun pui hi chu Guwahati atanga Km 270 a hla, Morangi, Golaghat District a awm a ni. Tarlan nual tawh angin he Refinery hi Oil India hnuaia awm, India sawrkar leh Assam sawrkar intawm a kum 1999 a din a ni a, technology lama thiamna sang thawhturin Chempolis Oy hi partner a ni bawk a ni. Kum 2014 a chhut danin kumtin metric tonne maktaduai 3 tuialhthei a thlifim thei a, Central sawrkain a dehchhuah tonne maktaduai 9 a pun tir a tum a ni.
THENAWM TEN MIN TLAN SAN TEP
He Refinery hna peng pakhat an belh thar Ethanol siam a ni a. Hemi atana mau barh tur hi a thahnem hle dawn a. Kan thenawm State ho hian min fin khalh a ang khawp mai. Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) leh Arunachal Bamboo Resources Development Agency te chuan indawrna thuthlung(MOU) an ziak a, kumtin mau tonne nuai 3 in an chawm dawn a ni. Tin, hetiang tho hian NRL leh Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency techuan mau tonne nuai 2 an pekna tur thuthlung an ziak fel tawh bawk a. Assam rama Karbi Along leh Hima Hasao te biala mau tam tak awm tepawh chhawr an la tum zel dawn a, helai mite eizawnna tha tak a inchhawp mek a ni.
Ethanol chungchang hi a lian takzet a, Sawrkar thapui luhna a ni a, State sawrkar tan buaipui a inpuahchahna tham a ni reng a. Mau nei tam si, kut kuangkuaha a thut mai mai hun a ni dawn lo a ni. Assam sawrkar fing tak hi a che tha par par hle a. He thil lo dawngsawng a, mumal taka sawrkar pawhin kut khing hniha a lo thawh theih nan The Assam Ethanol Production Promotion Policy, 2021 chu an chhawp der tawh a ni. An ching let an ching let tawh a. Hei mai hi a ni lo, Assam Industrial Policy pawh kum 5 danah a thar an siam a, tunlai thil thar, hmasawnna thil thar nena inhne rem thlap tura an siam chu an nei thlap bawk a. Rah tha tak mai hmuh tur awm nghal chu: The Sentinel Assam chanchinbu February 8, 2022 a chhuakah chuan Assam rama ethanol siam tum unit 7 din tum company te chuan sawrkar pawmna an nei der tawh a ni. Chumiten sum an vawm luh tum (investment) chu Rs. vaibelchhe 1,159 lawih a ni a, ram mite hnathawhna zarzo tur mi 4000 chuang an awm thei dawn a. Mi 1000 in hna an hmuh phah (direct employment) dawn bawk a ni. Heng Ethanol siam tum company 7 te chetna tur lo dawng sawng turin Industries and Commerce Department chuan 24X7 Support Centre a din hial a, Unit 6 tan ram pawh an pe fel tawh a ni. NRL lam siam chhuah tiam lovin heng heng Unit 7 te hian ethanol 970 KLD (kilo liter per day) an ti chhuak thei dawn a, Assam State hi an che tha dawn hle a ni.
MIZORAM A INRING EM?
Tarlan ve nghal a remchang bawk a, Mizoram kan inrelbawlna lam hi lo hrut kual lawk ila. Kan ram hi hetiang thil pawimawh tak hlawkpui thama che turin kan inpeih em tih hi zawhna rilruah a lo lut it a rinawm. A hmasa berah Mizoramin Bamboo Policy te hi a nei mumal em? Mizoram Bamboo Policy hi kan nei ve a, mahse, kum 2002 ami daih tawh a ni a, khatih hun leh tun hun inkarah hian thil tam tak a inthlak tawh a, thil thar tam tak a lo chhuak tawh a. Technology thar lo chhuakah mau hman tangkai dan tam tak tunhmaa kan hriat ngai loh a lo chhuak tawh a. Entir nan; mau atanga ethanol siamchhuah te, mau fibre atanga thawmhnaw manto siam te, mau atanga hmeichhe pad siam te, tissue paper siam te, damdawi leh incheina (cosmetics) te damdawi leh leitha siamna te, construction leh architecture zawng zawng te hi Mizoram Bamboo Policy duan laia la lang lo an ni a. Chutichuan, Mizoram Bamboo Policy tepawh thil thar suak thei tura siam thar a ngai ta a ni. A dawt leh chuan Ethanol te buaipui ve tur kan nih phei chuan ramchhung mi kawnghmang hria kan neih loh avangin pawn lam atanga a kawnghmang hria Industry rawn din thei tur kan sawm luh a, dawhthleng tha tak kan chhawp sak te a ngai dawn a, Mizoram Ethanol Production Policy te nei vein Mizoram Industrial Policy tepawh siam thar a ngai dawn a ni. A thu hrimin tuna kan hman mek, Mizoram Industrial Policy hi 2010 a mi daih tawh a ni a. Tuai thar chu a hun tawh hrim hrim ang. A siamtu zingah ka tel ve a, khatih lai khan he Policy hman theih hun hi kan tuk ve lo a. Mi State ten kum 5 daih tura an siam thin hi a lo fing a ni (Assam sawrkar pawhin Assam Industrial and Investment Policy, 2019 chu an Notification atanga kum 5 daih tih an tarlang kulh mai, tuna mi hi 2014 Policy thlakna a ni). Heng Ethanol ruaipui hi kil ve kan tum dawn phei chuan kan Policy kaltlanga thil ruahmanna pawh her rem ve zel a ngai dawn si a.
MAU CHIN TUR DIK ZIR CHIAN
A nihna takah chuan Mizoramah mau atanga eizawnna leh industry hlawhtlinpui tak hi kan awm hlei thei lova. Ethanol a ni emaw ni lo emaw hmalak dan kan inbih chian chu a hun khawp mai. Mau ngah hi a tha a, mau ching tura kan infuih hi a lawmawm em em a, State Chief Minister berin namen lova helam min tui pui hi a lawmawm a ni. Tin, mau industry hlawhtlin dawn chuan thil mamawh lian tak, ‘Bamboo Linked-Road’ te hi kan ti thei tak zet a nih chuan a hlu hle dawn, industry thih leh dam (viability) hriltu a ni si a. Heng te hi chhawr (capitalise) theih turin awm ngei se. Hemi ruala kan hriat tur erawh chu: mau chingtuten kan mau kum 4 hnua kan chhawr dan tur ruahmanna nen mumal taka inhne kan neih hi a pawimawh. Mau hi chi hrang hrang a tam em em mai a. Tin, mau ah hian Pathianin thil tha leh mak tangkai tak a bel teuh mai a. Mau hmanna thar tarlan zawng zawngte kha a tichiangtu a ni. Tin, ram ngaw siama environment ti tha tur hian a puitlin hma avangin mithiamten thing aiin an duh tawh zawk a ni. Mau chin hrim hrim hi a hlut avangin fak mawi a dik e. Amaherawhchu, hlawk zawka mau kan hman theih hi kan hmaih thianglo. China ram ten an tih ang a hman tangkai dan leh hmanna tur bik riruat ang a mau chin pun tur pawh riruat a fing. Eng mau nge chin uar tur tih lama inhnial chiam hi a tul lo. A pawimawh ber chu kan mau chin chi (variety)sum kan chantir lehna tur ‘industrial conversion’ lai tak hi kan tihfuh leh kan ruahman fuh a ngai a. Entir nan, thilsiamchhuah tur nger bik (industry-oriented) neih ngei ngei a ngai a. Mau tha chi tiin a engemaw ber lo ching ta ila, a lehpeka kan hmanna tur plan fel tak neih tel thlap loh chuan kan thatpui em em dawn lo. Entir nan, Bamboo wood plank siam nan chuan Melocana bacifera (mau tak) te chu a hlawk lo hle ang a, giganteus te, balcooa te, bambusa bambus te, Brandisi te, Latifora te, bambusa tulda (rawthing) te, tepawh an tha ang a. Hetiang hi kan ching uar viau a nih chuan Bamboo wood panel industry siam tumna a awm em? Tin, agarbatti stick siam tum te tan chuan Mautak te, Rawnal te a chi leh thung dawn a. Chutiang zelin rawtuai food industry din tum tan dendrocalamus hamiltoni (phulrua) te, Rawnal te, Rawthing te a that laiin Bambusa bambus te chu a fuh hauh lo thung ang. Chutiang chuan, kan mau chin leh industry hawi kan tum lam hi inhmu mil zel thei se, hahpuitute chhawrbawkna tur hi chhut tel chunga mau chin kan thiam a tul khawp ang. Chutiang a nih loh chuan kan chetsual tawhna ang chi tung te, sawhthing te, oil palm te, hmarcha te ‘anchhe kawng’ kha kan zawh leh a hlauhawm ang. Kan Bamboo Policy te, kan Industrial Policy te nen inmil a bawh bik (thrust area) nei a thil siamna kan bun mil turin mau pawh kan chin a ngai a ni. Beihpui chhuaha Ethanol lam kan hawi dawn erawh chuan kan rama mau tha duh chi tawh phawt chu a chin ngam a, mau tlawn, a hnah, a tang zawng zawng nen ‘zu bilh’ ang deuh a Ethanol atana bilh fai vek tur a ni mai a (a sawngbawl a hautak dawn avangin a zawng a zaa Ethanol atana pumbilh erawh chu a harsa thei ang tih erawh hre tel ila). Englekhawle, Mau ngah ber pawl State ni si hian kan thil hlu neih hmang tangkai thiam lo kan nih erawh a hlauhawm a ni. Heng chinfel hi keimahni mawh a ni dawn a ni.